What is lean technology. Spacious versatility for optimizing processes and work areas. The goals of the kaizen concept

gentler virobnitstvo

More gentle virobnitstvo(lean production, lean manufacturing) lean- "Thin, stringy, without fat"; in Russia, the transliteration “sparing” is victorious, the options “stringy”, “sparing”, “dbaylivy” are also used, the variant with transliteration - “lin”) is a concept for management, based on an unskillful exercise to the point of seeing the vtras. Gently versatility of transferring to the process of optimizing the business of the skin care provider and maximizing the focus on the caregiver.

Gentle versatility is the goal of the interpretation of the ideas of the Virobnicheskoy system of the Toyota company by American followers of the Toyota phenomenon.

The main aspects of double vibrating

The main point of sparing virobnitstva is a value for a spazhivacha.

Value- The value of the product, the power of the product from the client's point of view. Value is created by the vibrator in the wake of victorious low succession.

The heart of prudent virobnitstvu є Usunenny vtrat.

Spend- tse be-yaka diya, yak save resources, but don’t create the value of a saver.

Spending in Japanese are called muda- a Japanese word, yake means spend, go out, so be-like diyalnist, that saves resources, but does not create values. For example, it is not necessary to save money, so that the finished product or some of the details were in the warehouse. Tim is no less, with the traditional system of managing warehouse windows, as well as all the windows, connected with reworking, with a coat and other indirect windows, are shifted to a spare.

Apparently, up to the concept of sparing flexibility, the entire activity of business can be classified as follows: operations and processes that add value to the patient, that operation and processes that do not add value to the patient. Otzhe, everything that does not add value to the spy, is classified as spent, and may be squandered.

Vidi vtrat

• spend through the overkill;
• spend an hour through ochіkuvannya;
• spend during non-consumable transportation;
• spend through the zayve stages of processing;
• spend through zayvі reserve;
• spend through non-necessary moving;
• waste through the release of defective products.

Jeffrey Liker, in a similar order with Jim Womack and Daniel Jones, actively followed up Toyota's testimonial, indicating the 8th type of investment in the book "Tao Toyota".

• unrealized creative potential of practitioners.

It is also customary to see 2 dzherel vtrat - muri and mura, which means “overwhelming” and “irregularity”:

mura- the errіvnomіrnіst vykonannya roboti, for example, kolivaєєє rota roіt, yelling not kolіvannymi to drink kіntsovogo spozhivachach, but rather the peculiarities of the virobnichoї system, but rather the nerіvnomіrnіy tempo of the roboti z vykonannya operatsії, sho zmushuє operatorsі v spochatka hurry up, hurry up. At rich vipadkah managers of the building have a lot of nervousness for the time being, viruvnyuvannya planning and respectful setting up to the pace of work.

Muri- overwhelming the possession of either operators, which is due to the hour of work with greater speed, or at a pace and with great effort for a three-time hour - equal to the cost of the work (project, labor standards).

Basic principles

Jim Womack and Daniel Jones in "Lean Manufacturing: How to Spend and Prosper Your Company" summarize the essence of Lean Manufacturing as a process that involves five steps:

1. Designate the price of a particular product.
2. Determine the rate of creation of the value of the product.
3. Be sure to ensure an uninterrupted interruption to the flow of cіnnostі goods.
4. Allow me to spare the goods.
5. Practice perfection.

Other principles:

• Wonderful quality (building from the first presentation, a system of zero defects, revealing and solving the problems of the future);
• Gnuchkist;
• The installation of the old-line vodnosin from the zamovnik (with a path under the rizikiv, vitrat and information).

Double Vibration Tools

Taichi Vono wrote in his robot that the Toyota system stands on two "pillars" (which are often called "TPS stops"): jidoka systems and "just in time".

• The potik of single virobiv
• A glimpse into your possessions - the Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) system
• Poki sho - yoke (“zahist vіd pardons”, “zahist vіd fool”) - a method of zabіgannya pardons - a special attachment or a method, zavdyaks for defects and simply cannot appear.

Jamming Algorithm (by Jim Womack)

1. Know the conductor of the change (the required leader, the building’s take of the fault);
2. take the necessary knowledge according to the Lin system (knowledge of the guilty but taken from the supremacy of the dzherel);
3. Know how to create a crisis (a good motive for stopping Lin is to serve as a crisis in the organization);
4. Make a map of the entire flow of creation of the value of the skin product family;
5. Yaknaishvidshe to start the work for the main directives (information about the results may be available to the staff of the organization);
6. Pragnati negatively take the result;
7. Zdiisnyuvat uninterrupted improvement for the Kaizen system (go from the processes of the creation of values ​​in the workshops to the administrative processes).

Typical pardons for the implementation of a double spell

• Irrelevant role of ceramics in the implementation of the Lin system
• Pobudov "Systems", which does not have the necessary flexibility
• The cob of zastosuvannya is not from the "basics"
• Working hours are changing, but the sounds are not changing
• All die (collect data), but don’t react to anything
• "Paralytic analysis" (non-stop analysis of the situation, replacement of continuous improvements)
• Do without podtrimki

Lean culture

A sparing culture is impossible without a sparing culture. The smut in Lean-culture is the human factor, the collective work. Emotional intelligence (EQ) of practitioners is given a lot of encouragement. Lean-culture vіdpovіdaє i pevna corporate culture.

Efficiency

In general, the choice of principles of sparing selection can give significant effects. Prof. O.S.

History

Tayiti Ono, the father of a charitable worker, is known to have worked at Toyota Motor Corporation in 1943, integrating the best light experience. In the middle of the 1950s, the wines began to develop a special production organization system, called the Toyota Production System or Toyota Production System (TPS).

The Toyota system has become the home of the western interpretation of Lean production, Lean manufacturing, Lean. The term lean was coined by John Krafchik, one of the American consultants.

Significant contribution to the development of the theory of sparing virobnitstva having created a colleague and helper of Tayiti Ono - Sigeo Shingo, who created the middle SMED method.

Ideas of thrifty virobnitstvo were conceived by Henry Ford, but the stench was adopted by business, the shards significantly advanced the hour.

The first rozpovsyudzhuvachem philosophy of Kaizen in the whole world became Masaakі Іmaї. Yogo's first book "Kaizen: The Key to Japan's Competitive Success" was seen in 1986 and translated into 20 mov.

The concept of sparing care was put on the back of the blinds with discrete picking, right in front of the car. Then the concept was adapted to the minds of uninterrupted virobnitstv. Stepwise, the ideas of lean went beyond the scope of geniality, and the concept began to stagnate in trade, services, public utilities, health care (including pharmacies), and military forces and the sovereign sector.

In the rich lands, a more generous support is hoped for by the sovereign. In the period of the most competitiveness and the crisis that is being built, there is no other way for the enterprises of the whole world, but the most advanced technology for management, to create products and services, to satisfy the customers as much as possible for the quality.

Adopt a wider range of Lean ideas at regular international and regional conferences. One of the largest maidanchikiv with the exchange of the best evidence of prudent virobnitstva, in Russia and Russian Lin Forums (since 2011 - the Russian forum "Development of virobnicheskikh systems"), yakі vіdbuvayutsya shhorіchno, starting from 2006

Apply victoria

Lean map. The development of the concept of sparing brewing in Russia is presented on the Lean-map - the first map of sparing brewing in the world. On lean-cards, shifting іка колі кольновімовиствий, Які віднанся інфриский, Які інтомания інформаціюYU, постовый истовутся простовый замирибнийтва, and Torozhe LEAN-People - Tobto People, Yakі Majut Popularity, Deliva Dividity At Justice VerbinetsTwi lean ideas. The map is constantly popovnyuєtsya, it's important to get information koristuvachіv. Upon application with confirmation, you can indicate on the map whether it is an organization, a victorious method and a viable selection.

The most successful light companies successfully endorse Toyota: Alcoa, Boeing, United Technologies (USA), Porsche (Nimechchina), Tool-rend (Russia) and many others.

Lean logistics (Line logistics). Synthesis of logistics and conception, allowing the creation of a vibrating system, which combines all firms and enterprises, zadiyani in the process of creation of value, in which there is a frequent replenishment of stocks in small batches. Line logistics vikoristovu principle Sukupna Logistichna Vartist (Total Logistics Cost, TLC).

Lean manufacturing in medicine.. According to expert estimates, approximately 50% of the time the medical staff does not hit directly on the patient. May be a transition to personalized medicine, with any patient I will help "at the right time and in the right place". Medically establish a guilty plethora in such a way that the patient will not need to spend an hour on a numerical transfer and retraining in other areas. At the same time, it is necessary to cause significant financial losses in patients and a decrease in the efficiency of treatment. In 2006, the Lean Enterprise Academy (Great Britain) held its first conference in the European Union on the problems of promoting Lean in the field of health care.

Lean mail. At the post office of Denmark, within the framework of the Thrifty Virobnitstv, a large-scale standardization of all services was carried out, which is promoted to increase the productivity of work, to speed up postal transfers. For the purpose of identification and control of postal services, "cards of the streaming creation of their value" were requested. The system of motivation for postal employees has been developed and implemented.

Friendly office. Methods of prudent virobnitstva daedalі are more widely vikoristovuyutsya in virobnitstvі, and in offices (prudent office), social and mіstsevih and central authorities.

Thrifty booth. Vykoristannya lin tekhnologii ї in pobutі allow zrobiti pobut environmentally friendly, zvesti energy consumption to the minimum level. A passive booth is the characteristic butt of a prudent butt. A passive house, or rather an energy-efficient house - a house, in which it takes about 10% of the scorching energy to be scorched, in order to make it energy-independent. The heat consumption of the passive booth should be less than 15 watts. year / m² per river (for a fire, at the old house, forget 300 W. year / m² per river), and the need for an insignificant scorched house is blamed only for the negative temperatures of the outside wind. A passive house in frost minus 20 reaches 1 degree on the catch.

The negative side of double virobnism

The following should be taken into account and those, that the victorious virobnitsa may have a few negative aspects. In practice, there are a large number of companies that practice sparingly campaigning for Toyota and widely work with Toyota. timchasovykh robіtnikіv, yakі pratsyut for short-term contracts, yakі can be easily zvіlnіnі іn razі skorochennya obyagіv virobnitstva. For example, in 2004 Toyota employed 65,000 permanent employees and 10,000 hourly employees.

Div. also

• Toyota: 14 principles for doing business
• Carefully Designed

Notes

Literature

• Womack James P., Jones Daniel T. Sparing versatility. How to get through the expenses and reach the prosperity of your company. - M.: "Alpina Publisher", 2011. ISBN 978-5-9614-1654-1
• Womack James P., Jones Daniel T., Rus Daniel. The machine that changed the world. - M: Popuri, 2007. ISBN 978-985-483-889-2
• Golokteev K., Matveev I. Manufacturing management: tools for working. - St. Petersburg. : Peter, 2008. ISBN 978-5-91180-599-9
• Tayiti Vono. Virobnicha system of Toyota: unique mass virobnichestva. - M: Vidavnitstvo ІKSІ, 2012. ISBN 978-5-903148-39-4
• Sigeo Singo. Vyvchennya virobnichoї system of Toyota with a glance of the organization of virobnitstva. - M: IKSI, 2010. ISBN 978-5-903148-35-6
• Pascal Dennis. Sirtaki Yaponska: about making a Toyota system and not only ISBN 978-5-903148-04-2
• Yasuhiro Monden. Toyota management system. – M. Vidavnitstvo ІKSІ, 2007, ISBN 978-5-903148-19-6
• Liker Geoffrey. The Tao of Toyota: 14 principles for the management of a leading company in the world - M., Alpina Publisher, 2011. ISBN 978-5-9614-1590-2
• Shook John Rother Michael. Learn about business processes: The practice of inspiring flow cards in the creation of value (2nd edition). - M.,: "Alpina Publisher", 2008. ISBN 978-5-9614-0621-4
• George L. Michael. Spacious Virobnitstvo + Six Sigma. Combining the brilliance of six sigma with the speed of a gentle choice. - M: "Alpina Publisher", 2007 ISBN 978-5-9614-0636-8
• Mary Poppendik, Tom Poppendik. Gentle software development: from ideas to profit. – M.: Williams, 2010. ISBN 978-5-8459-1538-2
• Mark Graban. Lean Hospitals: Improving Quality, Patient Safety, and Employee Satisfaction ISBN 978-1-4200-8380-4

Posilannya

Specialized resources:

• Visnik Lin - Newspaper and online magazine about lean manufacturing
• Lean manufacturing and lean technologies
• Books from dbaylivy virobnitstv - Vidavnitstvo ІKSІ
• Blog "Kaizen"
• A practical blog for lean manufacturing and uninterrupted thoroughness
• State courses for promotion of qualifications in the field of advanced manufacturing

Lighting:

• Russian Lin-School is a complex of educational services, which includes certification courses, additional professional education, kaizen tours, trainings and seminars of foreign and Russian experts. Organization and conduction of excursions
• MBA-Virobnichii sistemy - MBA-Virobnichii sistemy program at the Higher School of Business of MDU named after M. V. Lomonosov. State diploma
• Group of companies "Orgprom" - a leading Russian provider that provides a wide range of services for the development of advanced manufacturing
• – Institute of Lin-Practice. State diploma
• Certification of Lean and ISO - Relationship of ISO and Lean systems.

Unions, community movements, community organizations:

• Inter-regional community movement Lin-forum. Professionals of dbaylivy virobniztva” - a joint event of all enthusiasts of dbaylivy virobnitstva. Available for over 900 participants

Important stats and materials:

• Lean thoroughly and balancing management

Lean - the best way of thinking. Way of thinking, which optimizes the working process. Vykoristovuє vin for tsgogo principle roboti and іnstrumenti.

Lean's gentle selection was born from Toyota's selection system. American scholars interpreted some of the ideas of Taity Ono and knew the system he had created, not only for car building, but also for some other areas.

The basis of the concept of prudent harvesting is fast spending. The second is everything that makes the product worthwhile. For a quick turnaround, the working process is optimized as much as possible, it will be asked there, where it is required. So important detail Lean є postіyne pragnennya thoroughness.

Vidi vtrat

Spend that robot over their speeds to become chimala a part of this way of thinking. Creators of prudent production see this kind of investment. In different dzherelah, they can be called in a different way.

1. Chastkovo vikonan robot. If the work on the product or its component is not completed before the end, the fault does not show up and there is no value. And that means that the resources of that hour were vitracheni for nothing.
2. Enter the steps of the process. Tse tі processes, yakі take away the hour of that susilla, but do not slacken the product with a dear one. In this way, you can, for example, write letters.
3. Non-necessary functions or superficial functions. Nova optsіya or funktіonalnіst mozhe buti korisnoy, but if you don't need klієntu won't be, then you won't be listed on the cіnі goods.
4. Bagatozadachnіst that remіshchennya. As a whole, the team performs as efficiently as possible on one task. The more tasks are beaten at once, the less efficient the work.
5. Refinement. A working hour, turning over for nothing through those that the process of a moment zupinitsya or sovіlnitsya at other stages.
6. Transportation chi ruh. If the practitioners are far from one type of one, or the process of folding/working of extensions, the hour for communication or transferring the elements of the product after the stages of assembly will increase.
7. Defecti. Defective products may have a low price or it will disturb the team to repair the defect.

Dzherela vtrat

Also add three tipi or dzherela vtrat.

• muda- marnist, supra-world, marnotrate. Spend what you have described above.
• mura- Nerіvnomirnіst, vіdsutnіst rhythm. Nedoliki, which is blamed through the intermittent schedule, uneven variation.
• Muri- Nezumnіst, perevantazhenіst. Zayve the interest of spivrobitnikiv, through which the stinks become less effective in the long-term prospects.

Lean principles

Sparingly vindicate revenge for a few principles and a number of values. Values ​​here play, singsongly, a great role, shards inspire and explain this concept.

• Liquidation of expenses.
• Stronger training.
• Accepted decision for the rest of the last moment.
• Short time delay.
• Povaga to command that robot over її efficiency.
• The quality of the product.
• Bachennya re-painting.

Principles - reaching the maximum capacity and usunennya vitrat. Five stages of implementation are seen.

1. Appointment of the value of the goods.<
2. Appointed to the stream of creation of value.
3. Safeguarding the uninterrupted flow of the flow.
4. Allows you to save goods.
5. Pragnennya to perfection.

Tools

Lean has a wide range of tools. Some tools regulate the change of ownership, others organize the work space, and the third analyze the results of practice. Tsikavo, that most of the tools are stagnant in different areas of manufacturing. The axis of action is from them.

Value flow map

Value flow map - this is the scheme, demonstrating the flow of product functionality by stages.

The skin stage is seen as a straight line and strikes with an arrow from the approaching one. An hour is depicted under the lancet from the rectum, which product is proven in the skin їх vitrative on moving around them. On the basis of the map, the flow of the hour is easy to change, as the stages take more than an hour, and also how many years in total or days are spent on ochіkuvannya chi pass.

5 "What?"

P'yat "What?" - The method of solving the problem. Vіn allows you to go to the troubleshooting chi vtrat. Tse reach rahunoks of the last five meals "Why?" when problems are identified. The next decision, as a rule, becomes rather obvious.

5S

5S is also one of the lean-instruments, directing to improve the organization of the workforce. The wines are added up, as you can guess, from five components or less (5 Steps).

• Sorting - subdivided all items to the needs and non-needs, sorting from the rest.
• Dotrimanny order - organizing the collection of necessary speeches in such a way that access can be easily taken away.
• Cleanliness - regular cleaning of the working area.
• Standardization is the folding of standards for the three storage boxes.
• Improvement - support for the established standards and their perfection.

Stop Lean

Thrifty virobnitstvo nayvigіdnіshe vprovadzhuvati itself in virobnichih galuzah. Lean itself allows you to seriously save and change the cost. The way of thinking and tools should be manually introduced both on the scale of the enterprise, and in small teams. In the field of software development, a sparing software development has been created - a methodology that has won the concept of Lean and its principles.

The cob of the widespread zastosuvannya of technology of double-dealing manufacturing was laid by the company Toyota. Having inherited this butt, a lot of great firms during the hour of recent crises began to find ways to reduce their costs and came to Lean. On the basis of this principle, 2/3 of the companies in the USA are supported. This is partly due to the fact that the state has adopted a wide range of methods.

In Russia, there are not so many companies that want to organize a working process for additional philosophy. Prote step by step great companies move to new methods of manufacturing. Russian Railways, KAMAZ, Irkut and Rosatom have successfully put Lean through and achieved a lot of bad results.

Literature about Lean

About thrifty virobnitstvo, as well as about gnuchki methodologies, little has been written in various literature. Three books, zavdyaki yakim can be sorted out in Lean and zastosovuvati її.

1. Lean Manufacturing: How to Cost and Achieve Your Company's Prosperity, James P. Womack, Daniel Jones.

2. "Toyoti Virobnicha System", Tayiti Vono.

3. "Virobnitstvo without spending for workers".

4. “Business from scratch. Lean Startup, Erik Mal.

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The main task of the virobnichoy system is based on the constant thorough so-called "flow of value creation" for the target audience. Yogo basis is the rational implementation of all processes. The beginnings of which products can be released from the minimum labor costs. In addition, the cost also affects the economic indicators, as well as the results of the manufacturing and government activities of the organization, which include the co-production, the profitability of the production, the income, the size of the working capital, and the obligations of the unfinished production.

Instructed, for rich organizations, the most important ones are deprived of the nutrition of the efficiency of the manufacturing processes from the position of folding and trivality of the manufacturing cycle. Whatever the wine has done, it fits more into the new additional varieties, and the less efficient the vagaries. Before that, you should report on a lot of zusil to coordinate the process and ensure uninterrupted work.

For the solution of this problem, many companies use a system of careful selection in their operation, which allows optimizing the selection process, increasing the quality of the processed product and speeding up the recovery. Yomu i is dedicated to this article.

What is dbaylive virobnitstvo?

Lean manufacturing (in the English language, there are two names: lean manufacturing and lean production) - it is a special step to the management of manufacturing, which allows you to increase the efficiency of the work through short-term expenses. Everything that reduces the efficiency of work is understood under the expenses. To the main types of costs are seen:

• Ruhi (zayvi ruhi possession of those operators, which lead to an increase in the hour of that vartost)
• transportation
• Technologies
• Re-production (non-sold products, which affects the appearance of vitrates, saving too much)
• Cleaning (unfinished products, which should be checked for scraps and better quality)
• Defects
• Stocks

The system of lean manufacturing can be implemented in the design, in the manufacturing itself and in the production process.

This system was developed at the turn of the 1980s-1990s by the Japanese engineers Taichi Ono and Shigeo Shingo (the beginnings appeared in the middle of the 20th century, but it was adapted only at the beginning of the 20th century). The method of engineers was to speed up the development, so as not to add value to the product during the entire life cycle. In this way, the system is not just a technology, but a whole management concept with a maximum focus on the market and the participation of all company personnel.

Otrimaniy dosvid vprovadzhennya system (inodі - okremi її elementіv) in the work of various organizations showing її effektivnіstі і perspektivnost', and at the given time zastosovuєtsya in different galuzah. How the system was victorious only at the automobile plants "Toyota", "Honda" and so on. (and was called Toyota Production System), then today it is being developed in other areas:

• The medicine
• Trade
• Logistics
• Banking Services
• osvita
• Naftovidobutok
• Budіvnitstvo
• Information technologies

Regardless of the fact that in a kind of galuzi vikoristovuetsya system prudent virobnitstvu, it allows you to seriously increase the efficiency of work and save time to spend, let it help singing adaptation to a specific company. In this video, it is told how the organization's robot can change due to the stagnation of Lean-technologies.

Prior to speech, acceptance, which promotes a system of sparing behavior in their activity, is often called "sparing". In the case of any other enterprises, the stench is recognized by dekilkom with important characteristics.

First, the basis for the selection of these enterprises is. They play the role of creative force in the manufacturing process. The possession of that technology at one's own discretion is beyond the reach of the reach. The worst thing here is those who want technology, a strategy and theory that does not build a successful company, bring it to high results, only people with their creative and intellectual potential can bring it to high results.

In another way, the manufacturing systems of their enterprises are focused on the maximum exclusion of expenses and the constant improvement of the manufacturing processes. Tsіkavo those who have a part of the organization’s spivrobitniki, starting with simple workers and ending with a greater kerіvnitstvom, take part in the schoden’s activity from the security of which.

And thirdly, all decisions, as if accepting the core of these enterprises, obov'yazkovo vrakhovuyut prospects for further development, moreover, the current material interests of the initial significance do not exist. Managers of organizations include in their activities the administration-command, not to bring malice, unfairly hard control, assessment of supporters for the help of the most sophisticated systems of various indicators. The management functions to adequately organize the manufacturing process, to detect, resolve and anticipate problems at the same time. Building before recognizing that solution of problems in one’s work place is highly valued by any spivrobitnik.

Prote vprovadzhennya thrifty virobnitstva transferring obov'yazkove razuminnya basic principіv tsієї sistemy and vminnya pracsyuvati z її іinstruments. For the cob, briefly about the principles.

Principles of double vibrancy

Irrespective of those who are practical security principles of prudent virobnitstva vymagaє vіd pridpriєmstva dosit serious zusil, stench dosit simple. Usogo їх five, and you can formulate їх like this:

1. Significance, sho formє cіnnіst goods z pozitsії spozhivach. At the reception, there can be different differences, and far from all of them can be of great importance. Only then, if the company knows exactly what is necessary for the end of life, it can be installed, like processes allow you to give it your value, and like - not.
2. Significantly, yakі dії obov'yazkovo is necessary for the virobnichim lantsyug, and then let's spend. In order to optimize the work and reveal the cost, it is necessary to describe in detail the skin condition and the treatment of the treatment until the delivery of the product to the rescue. Zavdyaki to whom you can install, for the help of which you can improve the brewing process.
3. To wake up at the virobnichim lance so that the stench turned into a healthy potik. The process of variability may be motivated by those schob included whether it was spent (simple, ochіkuvannya just.) between operations. For whom you may need new technologies or redesign processes. It is important to remember that if any process is to be blamed for including less than that, to add value to the end product, or not to increase its versatility.
4. Children, looking out for the interests of a gentleman. Bazhano, the enterprise let out a deprivation of that product and in such an obsyaz, which is necessary for the terminal supporter. Tse allows you to vanish zayvih diy, non-essential expenses and expenses.
5. Pragnennya doskonalyuvatisya, fast-paced uncommon deeds. Zastosovuvat and implement a system of sparing virobnitstvu need more than once. The maximum effect will be less in that case, as the investigations into the expenditures of those appointments are carried out regularly and systematically.

On five principles it is necessary to spire with the implementation of a system of sparing virobnitstv, and it costs whether there is a lot of activity, in the form of design and project management to bezperedny virobnitstva and management. Increase the productivity of work, you know, spend it quickly, optimize your productivity just fine. Support the Lean-system tools.

Double Vibration Tools

Below we take a look at the main tools for double-clicking:

• Standardized robots. Є clear and maximally visualized by the algorithm of vikonnannya be-any specific robots. This algorithm includes different standards, for example, standards for trivality of the production cycle, standards for sequence for a single cycle, standards for the amount of materials for work, etc.
• SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die). This is why the technology of swedish changeover is especially special. As a rule, two categories of operations are required for re-adjustment. The first is the most important operations, and can be carried out without a dent in the setup (here is the preparation of materials and tools, etc.). Other - tse internal operations, and for їх zdіysnennya obladannnya nebhodnanny zupinyat. The sense of SMED lies in the fact that the maximum number of internal operations is transferred from outside. Reach for additional organizational and technological innovations.
• Vityaguє virobnitstvo. Pidhіd up to the organization of the flow of warfare, which includes spending, tying up with ochіkuvannyam (until the front stage is completed) and overwhelming. Here, the skin operation of the technological process is necessary to “strive” the product from the previous operation, and then transfer the offensive. This allows you to avoid the appearance and excess of the product, that yoga is not enough.
• The system of giving that review of propositions. It is obvious to her, be it a spivrobitnik, you can propagate your ideas to improve the working process. Mustache practitioners take care of the sensible mechanism for the implementation of their propositions. Also, the system includes methods and methods of stimulating people to promote their ideas.
• Method "Break through to the flow". Zastosovuєtsya, schob virіvnyati that pіvshchiti effektivnіst virobnichego flow. To this end, fixation of virobnicheskie cycles are created, skin among them, the principles of standardized work are being carried out.
• TPM (Total Productive Maintenance). System of zagalny obslugovuvannya statkuvannya. When її vikoristannі ekspluatatsіya poladnannya podnuёtsya z constant maintenance. Such post-monitoring and substitution of knowledge at the reference station are taken care of by qualified practitioners. For the help of TPM, it is possible to reduce the costs associated with repair robots, downtime and breakdowns, and ensure maximum efficiency by stretching the entire life cycle of possession. Another plus is that the service staff takes an hour to complete other tasks.
• The 5S system is a management technique that allows you to efficiently organize your work space. Under the abbreviation, there are such understandings:
  • o Systematization (all items are in a specific place, where there is easy access)
  • o Keep order and cleanliness
  • o Sorting (documentation and / or items are sorted out at the work station, depending on the frequency of their congestion; this also includes the liquidation of everything that already has no use)
  • o Standardization (jobs are organized according to the same principle)
  • o Improvement (established standards and principles for continuous improvement)

To other tools of sparing virobnitstva can be seen:

• (Pidkhіd up to the management of the enterprise, which is grounded on uninterrupted supply of power)
• "" (pіdhіd up to the management of virobnitstvom, scho ґruntuєtsya on a quiet drink)
• Kanban (project management system and product management system and materials in the middle of the company)
• Andon
• Quality management tools (PDPC diagram, priority matrix, treadmill graph, matrix diagram, tree-like diagram, call diagram, sporidity diagram)
• Jakoness control tools (control cards, control sheet, spread diagram, Pareto diagram, stratification, thin histogram)
• Instruments for analysis and design of quality (method "5 why", method "Budynochok akost", FMEA-analysis toshcho)

In this case, it is necessary to say something about the method, which is used to model and advance pardons in the processes of generation and shortness of costs associated with defects. Tse Poka-yoke method.

The Poka-yoke method looks at the reasons for pardons and the development of technologies and methods that allow you to turn off the possibility of their appearance. Vіn foundations on the idea, in the same way, in the right way, it is impossible to vikonate the robot, but the robot itself is vikonana, then, it is vikonana correctly, tobto. without mercy.

Pardons can come from various reasons: negligence, disrespect, unreasonableness, forgetfulness of a person, etc. Vrahovyuchi human factor, all ts_ pardons є natural and inevitable, і schob know how to save them, next to look at them at the same time.

Warehouse method Poka-yoke:

• Changes of mind are being created for a non-pardon robot
• Methods of non-milk work are being implemented
• Pardons that blame, are systematically usuvayutsya
• Come in later
• Simple technical systems are being implemented, which allow practitioners to get pardons

The Danish method is victorious in combination with other tools of the system of careful vibrating and guarantees that the finished product does not have defects, and the vibratory process runs smoothly.

All the listed tools for the її spily vikoristanny add the efficiency of practice, use the various types of waste, reduce to a minimum the complacency of the occurrence of the above-mentioned situations and take the creation of a friendly atmosphere with vibrations. In addition, the combination of these tools allows them to work one by one, and the Lean-pidhide itself is more flexible.

All this is the main reason, through the impersonal organizations behind the cordon and in Russia, they promote a system of sparing vigilance in their activity. I immediately talk about the real butt for an hour.

Efficiency of double vibrating

For the sake of retailers of the system of sparing virobnitstv, її vikoristannya zdatne vplinut on impersonal business processes. More specifically, then:

• 10-100 times may shorten the duration of the cooking cycle
• Have 5-50 times
• Downtime can be shortened 5-20 times
• Productivity may increase 3-10 times
• Warehouse stocks may run out 2-5 times
• Delivery of new products to the market can be accelerated 2-5 times

For the tribute to the media holding "Expert", in Russia, sparingly began to work in the end of 2004. Even before 2007 (for three years of practice), the system showed hostile results. And to that there is more than one butt:

• By 30%, the cost of naphtha-button production, fittings, and the selection of automobile hubs in the galleys were reduced
• 30% warped virobnichie area near the gallery
• Incomplete production in the naphtha bottle was reduced by 50%
• By 60%, the virobnic cycle was shortened in the galleys of the aircraft industry
• Efficiency of possession in the gallery of color metallurgy increased by 45%.
• By 25%, the labor resources of the naphtobutuka plant increased
• The hour of changeover in black metallurgy has decreased by 70%.

Following the same tribute to the media holding "Expert", until 2017, the practice of victorious vigilance in Russia led to the following ideas:

• By 25%, the virobnicheskie area at the gallery of the electronic industry has swayed
• At 4 times, the popularity of aviation industry has accelerated
• Productivity increased by 35% in the color metallurgy
• In 5 times, the output of the pharmaceutical industry was shortened
• The production cycle increased by 55%, the production cycle shortened by 25%, stocks in the field of production of goods of national economy decreased by 35%.
• By 20%, the virobnichi areas near the gallery of the automobile industry

As far as Russian companies are concerned, Lean-technologies in their robots are now victorious by OK Rusal, TOV Expert Volga, EPO Signal, VAT Khlibprom VSMPO-AVISMA, PAT KAMAZ, TOV Oriflame Cosmetics, TOV "TechnoNIKOL", IG "Group Gas", TOV "EvroKhim" and dozens of other largest organizations.

Prote on the Russian market, none of the facsimiles are marked by a shortage of facsimiles, building optimization of the brewing process through the lean brewing system. (Before the speech, on the quiet, who today master Lean-pidhid, sing-songly check the stable place of work, career growth, the prospects are safe for the future.)

Visnovki

Sparingly helps companies, without going into serious investments and victoriously over their internal reserves, to achieve an impressive increase in the productivity of the practice. Ale Lean-system - the purpose of the development of all warehousing, which promotes not only the increase in productivity and the growth of efficiency, but also the creation of a friendly mind for the formation of corporate culture, dekozhen spіvrobіtnik save u

As a matter of fact, the system of prudent virobnitstva is a virobnichi paradigm for the implementation of innovative methods of business management, the promotion of virobnichoy efficiency, the development of personnel and the adoption of any kind of costs. Today, practically, whether a company can be fired up on the basis of a Lean-system.

In Western countries, the concept of Lean Manufacturing management, which is based on the basic principles of a healthy mind, is considered one of the most promising models for the development of an organization.

At the same time, especially in connection with Russia's entry into the SOT, the choice of sparing virobnitstv becomes popular among Russian virobniks, such lives have put before us that the release of competitive goods is impossible without a global reorganization of virobnitstv.

More importantly, it is necessary to reorganize the entire manufacturing process in the bakery industry, in order to traditionally lower the profitability of other sectors of the agro-industrial complex, and at the same time to increase the efficiency of the production.

The concept of Lean Manufacturing originated in America in the 1920s. The author of the Lean idea was Henry Ford. At this hour at the SRSR A.K. Gastev by launching the NOP system (Naukova Organization of Practice).

Ale, in those hours of the new principles, they did not take the business sleep, the shards of the stink signifi- cantly stood out their hour.

Becoming the father of a charitable manufacturing company, having become Tayiti Ono from Japan, which in the mid-1950s, having begun to develop a special system for organizing manufacturing, is called the Toyota Production System or Toyota Production System (TPS).

The Toyota Corporation system gained popularity at the Sunset in the 1980s. In the Western interpretation, the system became known as Lean Production, Lean Manufacturing, Lean. The term lean (“sleep, thin, economical” - English) was coined by John Krafchik, one of the American consultants.

A significant contribution to the development of the theory of sparing virility was made by Sigeo Shingo, who created the SMED method, and Masaaki Imaї is the first philosophic philosopher of Kaizen.

On the back of the concept of sparing virobnitstv (BP) zastosovuvali at the galleys with discrete virobnitstvom, right in front of the car. Then the concept was adapted to the minds of uninterrupted virobnitstv. Step by step ideas of Lean have gone beyond the scope of geniality – the concept has become stagnant in trade, services, public utilities, health protection, and the power of the sovereign sector.

In rich countries, the supply of BP is hoped for by the sovereign support. In the period of high competition and crisis, which are being built, in the enterprises of the whole world there is no other way, lower, victorious best light technology to management, to create products and services that will satisfy customers as much as possible.

According to the American industrial trader Week Magazine (Jovten, 2002), according to the opinion of top managers and ker_vniki in the Middle Lanka, the very implementation of Lean Manufacturing practice helped the wealthy enterprises of Pivnіchnoї America to gain strength. So the practice has taken root well and bear fruit in the undertakings of China and India.

In today's economy, those companies survive, which can be efficient, so that they can achieve the maximum return with the minimum cost. You can reach this either by increasing the prices for high-quality products, or by reducing the cost.

Insufficiency, in its own way, can be changed either with the help of more cheap resources, which most often means lower quality of the finished product, or a way to optimize the production. The very task of optimizing and clicking on the Lean system (also: Lean, Lean Manufacturing, TPS).

The principles of Lean Manufacturing are a method of systematically finding simple solutions for the adoption of expenses when choosing goods and services, so that the borrower's needs are quickly satisfied. These simple principles are to be implemented by the staff themselves at the workshops and offices, and their meta - to help practitioners get rid of routine daily problems.

J. Wumek and D. Jones sum up the essence of frugality by looking at five principles:

1. Designate the price of a particular product.

2. Calculate the rate of creation of the value of the product.

3. To ensure an uninterrupted interruption in the flow of the cіnnostі goods.

4. Allow the delivery of goods. Vityaguє vyrobnitstvo (production "vytyagyuetsya" from the side of the deputy, and chi is not imposed by the virobnik).

5. Pragnennya thoroughness. Kaizen (kaizen) - uninterrupted thorough cultivation.

Promotion of Lean principles

There are three main phases of the implementation of the concept of sustainable manufacturing:

Ensuring the continuity of the flow of value;

It is recommended to go through the appointed three phases in the same sequence, in which you are going to be enrolled by the vykonavtsy. Only more deeply, the value of the flow, the flow of value and the methods of smoothing the order with the most recommended recommendations for managing the flow of the value of the building, give supremacy, not only to the process of remaking, but also to ensure its stability.

1. The phase of the resurrection of a dead popito. It is necessary, first for everything, to reveal, who are the helpers of the results of the singing work, which are the best. As soon as you can, you can be satisfied with a quick drink on the results of the work. In order to reveal that satisfaction with the life of a drink, various tools and methods can be used, for example, raising the hour of tact, raising buffers and insurance reserves, stowing the 5S system, and different methods of solving problems.

2. The phase of ensuring the continuity of the flow of value. At this stage, the necessary steps are taken in order for the results of the analyzed work to be available to all internal and external supporters at the same time, and in sufficient quantities, for example, the “kanban” system, setting up the FIFO principle (“first in, first out”), ensuring the balance of the line, standardization of work, proper planning of picking plots.

3. Smoothing phase. Nareshti, after that, as it has been shown to be calm, it will drink on the results of work and work without interruption of the process of vikonannya, move on to yogo smoothing, in order to ensure equal and effective growth of work on days, days and months. For whom you need to make such a smoothing of flows: the placement of boards for propositions and discussion of ideas (visible pitch board), the boxes for the development of interest (heijunka), the selection of logistics.

Wash the successful implementation of the principles of double choice:

Develop a plan for the training and preparation of spivrobitnikov, which will show the specifics of the business. All organizations have different needs, budgets and resources. Different groups of people have their own different sets of knowledge and skills. The planning of education can protect all the values ​​of the authority and the right to consume people from the first knowledge.

Win the entire range of resources and resources for training. The deyakі of them give priority to the primary courses, and others - watch over the work of colleagues. The training plan is to blame for the transfer of different methods and benefits, attached to more practitioners.

Consider information and new ideas for additional benchmarking. Teaching people to a dbaylivy virobnitstvu transfers the development of their creative zdіbnosti. In any case, it’s important to go beyond the limits of your own business and to open your eyes, to work, as you can do more effectively and know how to get new ideas in the minds of your organization. For example, in the bakery and confectionery production, there are a lot of organizations that are practiced in machine-building.

Tayiti Vin saw 7 types of losses in the process of any kind of manufacturing. Vtrati - tse operatsії, yakі vimagayut vitrat hour and resursіv, ale z pіdvishchuyut cіnnіst of the finished product chi services. The meta of thrifty selection is to reveal, analyze and absorb all the waste in the selection process.

1. Zayvy transfer - zayva walking, moving or manipulating (zayva ruhi through the low ergonomics of the working space, unhandily arranging layouts, tools, office equipment, manual transfer of documents too).

2. Zayve transportation - ruh information and materials that do not add value (transportation of materials between workshops, which are in a significant place one type of one, ineffective planning of the other types of applications).

3. Zayva processing - marnі for the deputy of the authorities, de can hovatisya defects (preparation of products with options, so that they do not beat quickly, unprimed folded construction, the cost of packing the goods is too low).

4. Hour of cleaning - simple pracіvnіvnіv аbо cars in іchіkuvannі poperednі ї bo podshkoї operatsії, materiaіv іbo іnformatsiії (vіdstnostі sirovinі, vіdstnostі іinformatsiї, і simple ії obladnannya і through breakage, idle time robіtnikіv thor).

5. Zayve vrobnitstvo - vroblyat more, nizh requested by the deputy. The most safe type of expenses, you can see the oscillators of burden in yourself. It is respected by the norm in wealthy companies (planning a new investment in the possession of that work force, a robot with great parties, the development of a commitment to production, which will change the price of drinking). For products that are considered to be shvidkopsuvnyh, such a principle of organization can lead to the purchase of products and their disposal.

6. Zayvі stock - prihovuyut problems of production and service (purchase of siroviny and materials for cost, spend on renting warehouse space, wages for workers in the warehouse).

7. Defects and reworking - be it a defect, which is the culprit in the course of the work, due to the necessary adoption (reworking, adoption of defects, re-signing of documents through pardons).

Jeffrey Liker pointed out the eight types of expenses in the book "Tao of Toyota":

Spend your creative potential - vykonannya pratsіvdan zavdan, yakі vymagayut їх vikonannya all apparent in the new knowledge and die. Lack of demand for ideas, propositions of a practitioner, contributions to a fully-fledged business activity (visiting a highly qualified practitioner of unskilled work, not accepting brown changes, spend an hour, ideas, newbies).

Cause of failures zastosuvanya Lean

The reasons can be seen even more richly, more importantly the stench is due to the wrong understanding of the principles of Lean Manufacturing. The axis of the most important pardons of this kind.

First of all, one of the most serious pardons is the incomprehensible role of ceremonialism in the promotion of Lean. The directors and the kerіvniki pіdrozdіlіv pіdrozdіlіv povnіnі razumіti plan provodzhennya new system and formulate their own propositions about how the stench will accept this process. The deyakі z tsikh kerіvnіkіv can become “guides” of the new initiative and without intermediary support quietly, who will implement the system and rob the improvement on the lower levels.

In a different way, the deacons will kindly build up the Lean victorious until the ideal Virobnichoy System, which does not have the necessary flexibility. The proving of the manufacturing system is to blame for the specificity of manufacturing in Russia, as well as the specificity of a specific manufacturing, and not be such as the manufacturing system of Toyota or Ford.

We prepare the need for buti to work with the system, as if it is incomplete, but to finish it with a crochet and it can be cut in one’s own time or changed.

Thirdly, Lean's trickery is easy to understand, so that someone who wants to be able to walk is very rich - before they learn to walk. As a result, the mastery of the system is based not on the basics, but on folding organizational methods, often unnecessarily laborious for quiet minds, where we can stagnate.

Fourthly, the beginning of the reorganization of work areas without a frontal explanation of the system to the staff. As a result, old sounds, saved from new, improved minds, lead to disaster.

On-p'yate, kerіvniki wealthy pridpriєmstvo zamagayutsya Lean without third-party help. It's a pity, but it may not be possible to bring it to failure, or I create a lot of problems when starting a new program. The most third-party poster, with an unpredictable approach to the process, can really help your expenses.

Sparing virobnitstvo cannot be done, yoga can be stagnant - it's an endless process of uninterrupted thoroughness. However, we don't exclude random results. The range of success rate is from zero to higher indications.

Lean yak ryatuvalny circle

In the operational aspect, it is prudent to give the opportunity to new leaders to propagate crises for sub-bags and inspire more in the course of fundamentally new, competitive propositions about the price, the quality and the terms of delivery.

Significant results of Lean-programs without additional investments:

The abbreviation of the term for the spelling of the word in 5–10 times;

Increased labor productivity by 50–200%;

decrease in vitrates by 10–30%;

Reduced defectiveness by 30-80%.

In the investment and financial aspects of entrepreneurship, if they are not driven by the methodology, they are sometimes influenced by investment programs or they are short. Our opinion, on the other hand, shows, in a reversible way, that when the principles of double choice are established, in order to achieve a target result in the investment process:

In total (by 10–30%, and sometimes by 100%), the need for investments is reduced to reach the “bar”, without BP it was considered unacceptable;

10-20% of the terms for the implementation of various investment projects are short.

If the Lean system is properly installed, the result will come in one day or two, and the greed will appear almost immediately.

In order to evaluate the economic effect of Lean planting, it is necessary to consider the improvement of the amount of fiber and material that the robot has, tobto. to create a kind of “polaroid sign” of the in-line I will be right at the reception. Let's ask ourselves that of our engineers, as soon as possible to fundi. Most of the time, a lot of millions of rubles are spent on securing a loan of sirovin and industrial reserves that border the interests of the company.

In another way, it is necessary to take a closer look at one of the processes of selection for acquisition and calculate how many hours (one year, days or days) it takes the process of obtaining raw material for acquisition until the final product is taken away by the successor. Trivaliy timchasovy cycle also cost pennies, shards for syrovina you don’t take your annual payment, the docks don’t take away the finished product from you and don’t pay you.

Thirdly, ask your stoners of the Middle Lanka and engineers to designate, so that you give one single piece of syrovin (preparation, materials) to the processing station and to the ready looking deputy. Sound tsia vіdstan divuє dermal, yak you can significantly speed up without shkodi for virobnitstv. Relocation of materials on a large scale and often the relocation is an expensive process, it costs pennies and labor force. For example, these three words - the price, the hour and the time - the training, managers already have three good starting points for improving the process of cultivating, using Lean's vicarious tools.

read

Lean manufacturing, or lean production, is more than successful in helping a lot of Russian enterprises. In 2017, the DSTU series of lean manufacturing was introduced, but far from all fakhivtsy know about this concept. For young professionals and companies, who are looking for the best way to improve efficiency, the material can become a guide to the world of lean production.

2 8 15/11/2018

Why did it all start: from the crisis to the concept

The history of thrifty virobnitstva rose from the crisis at the Toyota company. In the 50s of the 20th century, a financial crisis was brewing in post-war Japan. Vіn buv іz vysnazhennyam finansovyh i virobnicheskikh resursіv. The only way to survive the business was to increase the quality of products with an overnight decrease in co-production.

At the same time, Tayiti Ono, the father of the concept of prudent manufacturing, became the chief director of the Toyota Motor plant. After inventing and implementing a unique manufacturing system, the Toyota Production System (TPS) was later called. Vaughn was primed on the revealed operations, which added value to the patient and shortened unproductive vitras. From that moment, the gold of the century of the Toyota company began, as it successfully entered the world market, facilitating the favorable prices and the quality of its cars.

At the beginning of the 80s, Toyota cars appeared on the US market. The stench has become unbelievably popular, having taken over a small part of the market from the Great Three automakers in the United States. Shortly before Japan, a group of American scientists attacked the Toyota plant by James P. Womack and Daniel T. Jones. As a result of following Toyota's brewing system, they formulated the concept of thrifty brewing and wrote about it in their books, which later became bestsellers.

Although the concepts of lean production and TPS are based on the Toyota production system and their principles are even more similar, experts distinguish them in the following way: TPS is the path of a particular company, which is unique, and sparing variability is a set of methods, tools, frustrating the philosophy tsmu. dosvidi that can be implemented on other varieties

8 types of expenses

Tayiti Vono, standing up for the fight against unproductive expenses (muda), so that the change of activity, as it saves resources, but does not add value to the end of life. For whom, in the first place, it is necessary to designate an operation that will increase the value. It's not easy. And you need to pay the minimum for the decision of the operation.

Let's take a look at the butt of the farbuvannya fence. The worker takes the farb and the penzlik from the warehouse, walks to the parkan, zanuryuє penzlik at the farb, spend a few times on the parkan, repeating the cycle, regularly clean the penzlik, for example, working change wines, bring in materials that are left in the warehouse, and then the boss misinterprets the robot. From all the descriptions of the operations, only those carried out by a penzlik on the parkan add value to the survivors.

Tayitі Vіn vydіv sіm osnovnyh grupp vtrat. The eighth group was formulated by Jeffrey Liker. This type of vtrat has also become canonical for dbaylivy virobnitstva. Go about like this:

1. Recycling. The reasons for the culpability of the expenses of the group are the expenses incurred by the organization, the variance of renting warehouses and the salary of the required staff.
2. Ochіkuvannya cherga. The main costs associated with the cost of downtime for the staff, who are responsible for the delivery of the necessary components.
3. Transportation. Cost, owing to the cost of arranging the transfer of the product itself, as well as to the supplier himself, and to the post-employees / supporters (removal of the transport installation, the variance of logistics, the appearance of the result of transportation).
4. Weaving processes that do not create dodan vartosti. Ce vitrati pov'yazanі, for example, to add functionality to the goods, not to add kіnstі spozhivacha (refrigerator with vbudovanim screen), or to carry out technical operations, yakі not to add cіnnostі spozhivachevі.
5. Zayvі material and virobnichi stocks. This type of cost is related to the rent of warehouses for the storage of products, the salary of the general staff, and the terms of the applicability of reserves.
6. Shut up. At times, you blame yourself through those who spend an hour on the way to the working space, search for the necessary tools. On deyakih dilyanka vyrobnitstva waste hour can become up to 20%.
7. Spend, pov'yazanі z akіstyu. For all types of expenses, it is necessary to spend on the repair of the ship, the disposal of the defective ship and the verification of the quality of the defects.
8. Spend it on the unrealized creative potential of practitioners. The stench of po'yazanі z tim, scho spіvrobіtnik vykonuє not in power, you see robіt but to rob those, to what guilt is not zdіbnosti or interest. Give the most part of the zoom to the daily tool of the search and support of the recruiting initiatives of the spivrobitniks.

The main way to deal with waste is based on the concept of prudent viability, the principles of vitiaguvannya virobnitstva and Just in time.

The principle of vitiation of virobnitsva can be on the vazі, scho zamovlenija on the skin stage of virobnizstva come in the form of an advancing stage of the virobnic process (internal respite), and all the spectacle of the need for resurrection of the final respite (outer rep - client) begins. But in the minds of the great virobnitstva, which reach is even more coherent, the team of marketers sends a signal to that, as it promptly monitors the situation on the market without interruption. Tse allows you to get away from the vіd nadvirobnitstv.

The Just in time principle conveys that the system of planning and organization of the company's robots is motivated so that all the necessary elements are in the production process at the required moment and in the required quantity. The same principle of transferring defect-free virobnitstvo, shards of school can break the whole system of planning.

For the implementation of the concept of sustainable manufacturing, a wide range of methods is being developed.

5S

Tse, perhaps, the most popular way of sparing virobnitstv. This is the essence of the field in the rational and efficient organization of the working space. The blame for the fight against expenses, which is blamed on the result of the search for the necessary tool, as well as on the result of the gateway through the wrong possession or the uncleaned working space of the spivrobitnik. In this system, the working place is considered as an individual working place of a spy worker (from the director to the tidying room), so is the general use.

The 5S method is based on the five basic principles

Seiri - sorting

It is necessary to separate all items from the working area into groups:

• always need: to change at the worker’s space;
• sometimes they are needed: because of the working space, but they are left behind at the borders of reach;
• inappropriate: to be removed.

The main idea of ​​this principle is: the fewer speeches we leave, it is easier to practice.

Seiton - keep things in order

For skin speech, that instrument can be assigned its own place. Tsey order needs to be trimmed. Selected months for the instruments are guilty are carried out rationally:

• rіch, as they koristuyutsya fast, always perebuvaє under the hand;
• speeches, yakі need rіbnі rіdko, nіnіnіnі zavjat svіrobіtniku.

Most of the time, when 5S is implemented, the contours of speeches are painted right on the job site, and the security guards regularly conduct an audit of the job site.

The most reasonable principle of the 5S method. I drank and ford to provoke a hat and spend it, and also, to add to the efficiency and co-operation. Most often, this principle is interpreted as a regular cleaning, as an appointment, and a working place. Prote є two nuances.

1. For tidying up the working place, you need to be not only a tidy-up, but also a practitioner himself.
2. Virobnitstvo is necessary to rule in such a way that it would be easier to change that entrance, and the stench is due to localization.

Shisuske - standardization

At the skin specialist, one should be guilty of a handful of instructions on how to do yoga. The stench mayut buti minimization, zrozumili, visualization. Regularly carried out are standardized revisions of the technological possession of the working space.

Seiketsu - thoroughly

For the foundation of the 5S system, it is necessary to improve the existing mechanisms, and gradually improve them. The production cycle does not stand on the job, companies change, 5S mechanisms must change together with them.

Nini vinyl system 6S. It looks like the 5S method of interpreting the rest of S. At 5S, the rest point is completely, and at 6S, the discipline of that star.

Standardization

This method can be based on the creation of basic instructions for spivrobitnikov, which describe the main processes of virobnitstva. Instructions on how to regulate all operations, like a doctor, as briefly as possible, wisely.

The maximum obligation of the instructions is to become 3 sides, and even less than one. Bazhano beat the instructions with maximum visualization, a good butt of this approach, for example, instructions for choosing IKEA furniture, instructions for protecting the work of the Artis company, rules for choosing LEGO constructors.

Cream of working instructions, in the organization briefly and wisely, all processes can be described. For this, the block diagrams will sound.

All instructions are to be drawn up according to the same rules for all organizations and are regularly updated. Posіbnik sled control vykonannya іnstruktsіy svіvrobіtnikami. At the time of development, it was necessary to carry out an analysis and determine why the spіvrobіtnik vіdkhilivsіvіd іnstruktsiy: through bazhannya ask your own life for the fault of the virobnichimu process, or know more optimal way for vikonannya operations. At the time of the yogo, the success should be ordered from the collaborators, and the companion should be awarded.

This method is aimed at changing the variability of the working process, reducing the number of tails, and facilitating the process of adaptation of new spe- cialists to the brewing process.

Poka Yoke

The name of this method is translated by my Russian language as “Zakhist in the form of pardons” or “Zakhist in the form of a fool”. Vin directing to the creation of such minds, for such a spivrobitnik it is simply impossible to get a pardon, so that the “human factor” can be turned off as much as possible.

This method is utterly practical, there are no fundamental principles for this. For razuminnya ideas - a few examples:

• Vykoristannya constructive elements, yakі nemozhlivlyuyut incorrectly folded all designs. For example, the form of SD or flash cards does not allow you to insert them on the wrong side.

• Color marking of elements during the hour of picking. Elements, as if they could be united among themselves, are marked with one color. For example, provіd yogo roses are marked with one color: red to red, yellow to yellow.

• Automated control system. The creation of the system, so as not to miss the element on the attacking plot of virobnitstva, as if for a new one there is a gateway. For example, on the conveyor line, the worker is guilty of fixing two details, which are opened with screws. After the end of the procedure, a photocell is installed on the line, and if one of the screws is not fastened, this element will not pass further.

This method is also vikoristovuyut for zapobіgannya virobnichemu traumatism. For example, on a conveyor belt for sawing a furniture board, a spivrobitnik needs to press on two buttons with two hands. The whole thing was broken so that the spіvrobіtnik did not zmіg with a practical cutter with one hand try to straighten the furniture shield. As soon as one of the buttons is released, the cutter starts to grind.

The use of this method, which is unique for the skin tissue organization, cannot be ignored.

Kanban

This is the main method for the implementation of JIT and powerful viability. The back of the bag was a card, like a guide on the picking line, handing it over to its internal posts, if the elements necessary for picking ended up in the new one. It is not necessary for a Vikonian to send cards, the system is automated.

Tayiti Vono, having formulated the basic rules of the kanban method:

• No one can prepare the details without taking care of them.
• The kanban card is to be attached to any part of a batch of parts.

Using the kanban method allows:

• view information about the scope and term of the goods and the transportation of products;
• zabіgat nadvirobnitstvu;
• protect the appearance of defective products, showing at what stage defects are found.

The Swedish Changeover Method (SMED)

The Danish method is both practical and unique for the skin cavity. Yogo the main task is to shorten the hour for reloading the possession. It is not allowed to viroblyat details in different parties, so that in their own hands they establish the principles of winning and JIT. It is reported to describe the technical solution of this method in an unacceptable way, most of the time, the stench is unique to the skin for the treatment.

Dovidka

More often, the most popular ones are looked at, but far from all the methods and tools of dbaylivy virobnitstva. The middle is quiet, who did not spend time looking around:

6 sigma is a methodology that directs the creation of defect-free manufacturing.

Kaizen is a system of uninterrupted completion of processes at the set.

Analysis of higher education - methodology, straightened out the search and adoption of the so-called puff neck from the veterinarian.

P'yat "why?" - a method of looking for solutions to problems that have been called.

The map of the flow of value creation is a tool that allows you to reveal operations that add value to the products of the end-of-life store.

Top-of-the-line service management (TPM) is a methodology aimed at improving the term of service and efficiency of installation.

Visualization of virobnitstva - a given method of targeting informing spivrobitnikiv about the camp of virobnitstva by simple visual methods, and others.

Although all the methods developed have been developed for manufacturing companies, the concept of careful manufacturing has been widely adopted in the sphere of services, for example, logistics, medicine, IT-sphere.