1. How to use the REIS reflectometer to die before the month of ushkodzhennya
cable lines, which are made up of many cables different type?
Be-yaky s reflectometrіv REYS allows vikonati vіmіri. With this, two falls are possible.
1st vipadok
with the same rate coefficients.
In this time of year, the vimіryuvannya, until the month of poshkodzhennya, is built in a wonderful way. A shortening factor is installed in the reflectometer REYS, however, for all cable strands. Let's put one of the cursors on the cob to the front of the probing impulse, and the last one - to the cob of the impulse that hit the ear. Vіdstan mіzh cursors vіdpovіdatime vіdstanі until the month of poshkodennya.
Butt tsyogo vipadku testimonies of the little one.
On the little one is marked:
L1 - length of the first cable strand (shortening factor g 1),
L2 - length of the other piece of cable (shortening factor g 1),
L3 - go through the cob of the third spool of the cable to the end of the cable (shortening factor g 1),
L - go through the cable to the ear,
A - a signal that is connected to the space of suturing the first and the other shmatkiv cable,
B - signal, which is connected to the space of suturing the other and the third piece of the cable,
C - signal, in the event of a misfortune.
The amplitude of the signals A and lie in the sp_vv_dnoshen of the winding supports W1, W2 and W3 for the cable. As a thin support of the su- sidial shmatkіv cable equal, vidbitya vіd mіstsya їkh z'єdnannya mіnіmіmalnuyu amplitude. I navpak. On the pointing of the reflectogram, the thin opir W2 of the other cable spool is smaller than the lower scalloped opir W1 of the first cable spool (W2< W1). Волновое сопротивление третьего и второго кусков кабеля также не равны, причем W3 >W2.
2nd vipadok. The cable line is made up of several pieces.
with different coefficients of speed.
Vimiryuvannya in the state until the time of failure at times is carried out in stages. Let's take a look at the sequence of the conducted vimiryuvan with the butt reflectograms, a little one is shown.
On the back in the REYS reflectometer, a shortening factor g 1 is set for the first cable strand and the length of the first strand is reduced. For this, the zero cursor is placed on the cob to the front of the probing pulse (Position 1), and the vibrating cursor is placed on the cob to the front of the pulse, which was hit in the first and the other shackle of the cable (Position 2). I will write down the length of the first shmat cable L1.
Next, set the shortening factor g 2 for another piece of cable and reduce the length of the other piece. For this, leaving the zero cursor on the space, move the zero cursor to the cob of the impulse, hitting the other and the third shmatki in the cable (Position 3). I’ll record another piece of cable with a cable.
We will then install a shortening factor g 3 for the third cable spool and we will cut the third cable spool up to the end of the cable. For this, leaving the zero cursor on the field (Position 3), move the cursor to the cob of the impulse, which is shown in the field of the shock (Position 4). Otrimanu vіdstan L3 vіd the cob of the third shmatka cable until the month of the poshkodennya write down.
Wait until the month of death L is calculated as the sum of the measured values: L = L1 + L2 + L3.
Similarly, it is possible to determine the length of time for the shortening of the cable line, which is accumulated, whether there be a large number of cables of different types, which may be shortened by different coefficients.
2. Why is the length of the power cable on the drum, specified by the manufacturing plant
to the cable, to be examined in the case of a douzhina, with a scatterometer? With deaths
the shortening factor was set correctly. Yakі data on dozhina
correct cable?
Such a conclusion can be borne out by that fall, if the veneer plant makes the cable support by the bridge method the support of the cores. They lived in a power cable, maybe having twisted it, to that, the life of the cable is a little more, the life of the cable itself is lower. Vimiryuvannya dovzhini cable on the support of the cores (electrical dovzhina) gives an increased value against the real, geometric dolzhina cable.
Vіdminnіst can be іn vіpadku, if the plant vіmіryuє dovzhinu prepared cable for the help of mechanical outbuildings, that the rollers can be made, yakі can slip through the cable for an hour passing through them.
If the length of the power cable is mitigated by a reflectometer, then the inconsistency between the electrical and geometric lengths of the cable is protected from the shortening factor. Therefore, with a correctly installed coefficient, the shortening of the length of the dovzhini, the measurement of the reflectometer, the more accurate the reduction of the measurement, the measurement of the bridge method.
Note: It is indicated that the inadequacy of the wires can be checked not only for the power cable, but also for any other cable.
3. Why with a reflectometer on long distances (more than a few kilometers)
rich telephone lines, for example, the type of Chamber of Commerce and Industry, zero line
reflectograms are distorted and do not allow to install
does the reflectometer have a great strength coefficient?
The curvature of the zero line by reflectograms through a characteristic view is called “lizhoy”. An example of such a lie of evidence for a little one.
On a small amount of indications, there is a drop, in which area “lick” the signal is broken, it hits the defect in the cable, the zocrema - the coil. When carried out with a reflectometer on the cable, through the infusion of the extinguished sound, the sound should be brought to strength. More effort for the obviousness of "lizhі" to bring to a distant distortion by reflectograms, which is more complicated and can be more difficult to analyze with reflectograms in the light is impossible.
The reason for the appearance of “lizhі” є rozpodіlena єmnіst cable (єmnіst between veins and between zhitlovoj that earth) that later ommіchne opіr veiled the cable.
At the moment of charge on the cable of the probing pulse from the reflectometer, a capacity is allocated for the cable to be charged. At the end of the probing pulse, the capacity of the cable starts to discharge step by step, becoming "licking".
To change the impact on the results, use the REIS-105, REIS-205 or REIS-305 reflectometers to turn on the compensation pulse and adjust the trivality.
The compensation steps can be set by the operator downstream of the line, so it is "licking" downstream into the rich parameters of the cable: the number of wires and the diameter of the wire, the length of the cable, the type of insulation is thin.
4. With the help of an armored cable, we can use a reflectometer
the next ignorant results: how to connect the reflectometer behind the circuit
core-core, then the length of the cable goes out less, lower when connected
behind the scheme lived-armor. Why is rich here?
In fact, for some scheme, you did not connect the reflectometer to the cable when you have died, the cable is left with one and the same cable.
Different meanings of the lengths of the cable you choose for the cable with different schemes for connecting the wiring, that the coefficients of shortening the winding channels of the core-core and core-armor are connected one way.
Trivality of the lesson: 35 hwilin
lesson type: Vyvchennya that pervinne zkriplennya new material.
Target: Learn about the laman line and її components.
Lesson task:
1) Lighting:
- learn from the laman line and її types; learning to understand "laman", "lanka of laman line", "top of laman";
- repeat: ribs, lines;
- thoroughly counting down that skill.
2) Developing:
- develop more logical thought, expanse awake, respect, memory, fantasy;
- improve the development of mathematical language
- show interdisciplinary links between mathematics and astronomy.
3) Whip out:
- to develop the communicative quality of the learners
- exalt pride in one's homeland, the reach of science, technology, astronautics.
Materials and possessions:
- Multimedia presentation
- Computer, projector, screen
- "Initial itinerary"
- Olives: yellow, blue, red
- Spaghetti, piece of plasticine
- Massage kilimki for feet, SU-JOK (massage set "Chestnut" for hands)
Conducted type of activity: productive, creative, problematic
Methods of work: explanatory and illustrative, chastkovo-poshukovo, verbal, naochnі, practical.
Teacher function: spіvpratsi organizer; consultant, keruyuchiy poshukovoy robot.
Pedagogical technologies:
Specially oriented training;
Explanatory and illustrative instruction;
Pedagogy of speech (introductory dialogue);
ICT technology (presentation).
Scoring result:
- know what the laman line is, why it is folded, what it looks like in the wind, exchange, straight lines, crooked lines
- expanding knowledge about geometric materials
- increase the activity of the students during the hour of the lessons
- vikoristannya learned knowledge gained and learned from practical activity
- vocabulary improvement
List of victorian literature.
1. Istomina N.B. Mathematics: assistant for the 1st class of global lighting mortgages. - Smolensk: "Association of the XXI century", 2008.
2. Istomina N.B. The worker is getting to the assistant "Mathematics" for the 1st class
Hid lesson
1. Organizing moment
Reader: Children, 2011 stunned in our country by the rock of Russian cosmonautics. And who is squatting in space? Who wants to fly in space? Today is such a possibility for the whole class. We are removing the initial policy. Sob not to have mercy on the hour of good, it is necessary to be prepared, to renew knowledge. How do you care what we need to guess?
Children: Repeat the numbers, folded that vіdnіmannya.
Reader: I'll wait for you, children. I will add: it is necessary to know the passed geometric posts.
2. Actualization of more knowledge
Teacher: On your tables are "Training Route Sheets". All the results of the work on the level are brought to the table.
Get familiar with the new word. "Astronomy" (іn.-Greek) of solutions in the form of old Greek words "astron" - zіrka and "nomos" - law or culture, and literally means "Law of zirok".
Usі vchenі - astronomers to know mathematics on "vіdmіnno". Without this knowledge, it’s impossible for the exact motherfuckers to reach the distant stars, at the hour of everyday life spacecraft, їх traєktorії ruhu, development of swidkostі:
Father, first task: "mathematical dictation". Listen to the mind, shrug it off in the mind, write down only the opinion.
3 9 planets sony system there are only two women's names. And how many human names do the names of the planets of the Sonyach system have? (7)
Suzir "Great Vedmedicine" has 7 stars. And the suzir "Cassiopeia" has 5 stars. How much more yaskrawih zirok do suzir'ї Great Vedic Medicine have? (2)
On my request for the lesson on the cob: "Who can fly into space?" 3 girls and 7 lads answered "so". How many children of our class want to fly into space? (10)
Children: write down the advice on their "Navchalni route lists", and one of the students - "commander's corral of astronauts" is entrusted to write the advice on the tablet. Then all the children revise, and present their results with the findings recorded on the tablet.
- How are the figures called? (dot, tricutnik, crooked line, straight line, vіdrіzok)
- And why does the wind blow in the air?
- And what is it that directly blows you out of the exchange?
Why is the other figure called a tricoutnik? (maє three vertices and three sides)
Can you call the sides of the tricoutnik vіdrіzkami? Why? (the sides of the tricoutnik are vіrіzki, because the lines that make them, weave between)
Reader: At the "Initial route list" to know the red dot and stay for a while. What tool do you need? (Line)
Get two blue dots. How to post with you wiyshla? (Vіdrіzok)
Draw a straight line through the yellow point. Can you do one more? What else? (So!)
That's right, through one point you can draw an infinite number of straight lines.
3. Physical culture(Boys win right, standing white desks)
Time two!
The speed is light!
Three Chotiri!
We are flying!
On a distant planet
Eat better if you want!
To drive ships
Sob let the sky fly,
You need to know a lot.
You need to take in a lot!
І with tsimu, і with tsiomu
You respect
Science matters
Ma-te-ma-ti-but!
4. Introduction of new material
Today we continue to rise in price to the edge of Geometry.
Wonder what I have in my hands? (Vermicelli spaghetti)
What kind of geometric figure do you guess? (straight line)
Take spaghetti to your hands, as if giving you a hearty one. Break the middle part, and then break the skin part again.
What geometric posts tell you? (Vіdrіzki, їх vyyshlo 4)
Z'ednayte їkh shmatochki plasticine among themselves. Can you now call the otriman figure a straight line? (Hi)
How did you name such a geometric figure? (Half line)
I am guilty of correcting you, it is called "lamana" line.
Wonder how the laman line is being formed? (Z vіdrіzkіv)
The leather laman line is made up of a number of windings - lanoks. How many lanoks do these lamanis have? (Chotiri)
Laman's lanks do not lie on one straight line. End of one lanka є on the cob іnshoy. The place, where two lanks meet, is called the peak.
How many vertices does this laman line have? (Three)
In addition, Laman's line may be 2 kіntsi.
5. Physical culture- self-massage of the fingers of the hands with the help of the massager SU-JOK: Slide No. 4
In order
Mustache of the planet
Call someone from us:
Once - Mercury,
Two - Venus,
Three - Earth,
Chotiri - Mars,
Five - Jupiter,
Six - Saturn.
Sim - Uranus,
The eighth is Neptune.
And we will follow him already,
I'll call Pluto.
6. Primarily fixed
Reader: Children, let's guess one more time, what are the crooked lines like? (closed and unclosed)
And how do you think laman lines can be closed or unclosed?
The teacher read the table No. 1 on the dosh:
What figures are shown in the table? (Laman lines)
Is Yaka Laman the most lanok? (No. 4)
Which Lamanius is the least Lanok? (No. 1)
Yaka lamana can have three peaks? (No. 2)
Yaka laman can five peaks? (No. 4)
The teacher reads table No. 2 on the dosh:
Tsezh lamani lines. Why do they smell like lamanich lines on the first table? (All Lanks are united among themselves)
Such lines are called "closed" lines, and the lines on the first table are called "non-closed" lines.
Name a closed laman line, like the least lane. (#1)
That's right, but what if the line is closed from two legs, think about it. Let's zbuduєmo such a laman line. (Ni, schob "closing" the line is necessary for the third lanka)
Reader: Find out and name on the map of the dawn sky narrower: open laman lines and closed ones.
Teacher: If you turn your "lamana line from spaghetti", which lies on the desk, turn it over, then we will guess the suzir "Cassiopeia". Vaughn was named in honor of the queen;
7. Physical culture.
For eyes. Children to beat Kolobok on Slide #4
Respect
For a few seconds I will show you one figure. You are guilty of remembering її і viklasti z lіchilnyh wands exactly the same.
Now practice in pairs. Pervert the respect of your classmate.
How to post with you wiyshla?
What else can you say about her? What can її be called a laman line?
Can you call її closed? (open?) Why?
8. Give a bag to the lesson
What kind of geometric figure did you get to know? (Broken line)
What elements make up the laman line? (3 legs and peaks)
How are laman lines going? (Closed and not closed)
Turn over the "Initial route sheet". Circle with a colorful olive less laman lines, closed and open:
What is the line of describing the ship of Y. Gagarin for 108 hvilin around the Earth? (to open curved line)
At the lower right corner of the "Initial route sheet" you "smile" a little star. Yaku geometric figure out of the blue? (To the closed laman line) What is the number of peaks? Lanka? Chi є kіntsi?
Self-assessment of a robotic student for an hour of a lesson:
You have 3 colored olives. Make a sirka in green colors, as if you are more satisfied with your work at the lesson; Zhovtim - satisfaction, but I won’t return; chervonim - you need to try!
Additive material(Slide 18 - 31): information about planets, stars, space exploration.
A laman line in geometry is used to name a geometric figure, which is made up of two or more winds. Kіnets one vіdrіzka є cob іnshoy. Obov'yazkov's mind, like a order, be it a laman - the courts are not guilty of rotting on one straight line.
These geometric figures know the widest zastosuvannya in different science and practice galleries:
- Cartography - to encourage the image of the street and route schemes.
- Architecture - contours of life and life.
- Landscaping - decorative stitching and stitching.
- Chemistry - the molecular structure of folding polymer shells.
- Medicine - monitor the control of the functional state of the organs of the prosecutor's office and systems.
Tipi lamanich line
Examined geometrical figures can be discovered in the most manipulative ways- stinks can be unclosed and closed, such that they mingle and not tint.
The lamana is closed to show a singing geometrical figure - a bagatokutnik.
As if the lines of one such figure make the points of the peretina one by one - this line is called self-overlapping.
We have 4 types of similar lines for their structure:
- Closed, yakі do not wash peretinіv.
- Unclosed, yakі do not wash out.
- Unclosed self-intersections.
- Closed, scho may be self-perpetuated.
A zigzag can be used as a variation of such a geometric figure, in which the subsequent ribs make a straight cut and parallel one to one through one. They zigzag widely in the butt - at the kravetsky maisternosti, decorative art, decorated objects.
Features of closed lines
Let's take a look at the report of the folds with geometric shapes.
- One wreath from the quiet, which folds the described figure, is called її lanka. A broken line can take such a line, as to establish at least two winds - lanks. There is only one Lanka - it's just a single windfall.
- I also understand the top of the laman. This term is used to name a point, in which the ends of two lanoks meet. Such points in geometry are usually denoted by the help of great Latin letters. The lamana itself is called according to the designation of these peaks. For example, I will call such a line ABCDEF.
- If the ends of the extreme lines of this geometric object are connected at one point, such a line is called closed.
- The end vertices of such a figure in geometry are called black points.
As a bulo appointed higher, tsey raznovid lines can mother of self-intersection. The most popular butt of a closed line, which can be self-perforated, is a p'yatikutna zirka.
Bagatokutnik yak a variety of closed laman
A different kind of geometric figure, which is described, is a bagatokutnik. There are speckles at the bagatokutniku є yogo peaks, and the vіrіzki are called sides.
- If the peaks lie on the same botsі of the bagatokutnik - the stinks of the sums are called.
- Like a tree, two two vertices, which are not summed, are called diagonally.
- For example, a bagatokutnik has n vertices - vin is called an n-kutnik. Such a figure has a number of sides, which are more beautiful n.
- Such a laman divide the flat into 2 parts - outer and inner.
- If the points of the bagatokutnik lie on one side in a straight line and pass through 2 joint peaks, it is customary to call it opuklim.
- The kut of a swollen bagatokutnik with a given peak is a tse kut, which is a double-sided fold, for which the apex is zagalnoy.
- Zovnishniy kut swollen bagatokutnik at the singing top - tse kut, summary with the inner kut of the bagatokutnik at the same top.
Butts of bagatokutnikiv є chotirikutniki, trikutnik, p'yatikutniki. Let's take a look at the presentation of the drawings of these figures.
Trikutnik- ce geometric figure, What is folded from three points, spreading not on one straight line. The qi dots are paired with each other in the air.
Chotiriokhkutnik in geometry, a figure is called, for example, chotiri kuti and chotiri sides. Chotyrokhkutniks are nayriznomanitnish - they can be trapezoids, squares, parallelograms, rhombuses.
At trapezium parallel two sides, which are called bases. Other two sides are not parallel. A parallelogram has two parallel sides.
With straight-cut rice, and those that are straight. The square has equal sides. In addition, all cuts of a square are straight lines.
As for the bagatokutnik, all sides are equal, vin is called correct. Such a bagatokutnik will forever be swollen.