What is politics: basic understanding. Determination of politics What is politics in simple words

The management system, or the core system, serve as an instrument for the implementation of the state's policy. I have fully understood, as if lying, that the understanding of "politics" and "politics" are characterized by a rich meaning. Ale to the question: "What is politics?" - people, as a rule, speak differently. To speak, for example, about the currency policy of banks, about the policy of professional unions under the hour of the strike, the school policy of the city government, the policy of the directorate of business and school, to talk about the policy of the intelligent squad, as a pragne to scold your man.

What is politics?

What kind of zmist is invested in the understanding of "politics"?

Politics at the sense of the word є, from one side, the sphere of activity of people, dezdіysnyuєtsya vzaєmodіya between different, most often antagonistic and conflicting, socio-political forces to rule and rule between these forces. In his plan, politics is closely connected with the light of the political. Ponad those who are often understood are victorious as synonyms.

The same side, PD with half a rosema, the form of diylenosti holding that ї іin institutes, sassing, half -tic parties, organized, rukhvs of the percussion of the skeletons of the ostvoli lifes: Ekononiy, social, public, autocracy, public . .

Politics in this and other forms and in the world win over all the citizens of the state. They take the fate of the majestic masses of people, as they think of their social, economic, cultural and other interests. Steps of folding and rich facet of politics to fall on the scale of economic, social, ethno-national, confessional and other forms of pluralism in society.

The policy called for the improvement of life is important for the maintenance of all strategic problems, the development and implementation of programs for the security of life, the effective functioning and further development of the life as a whole, and also other yoga subsystems. Whose plan is to talk about the politics of economics, industry, agrarian, social, military, about the politics in the hallway of enlightenment, protect your health too soon.

Otherwise, depending on the additional purposeful policy, the management of the successive processes is established. Nevipadkovo politics is sometimes called the mystic of governance. In this sense, politics includes both conflicts, struggle and competition for power and influx, as well as joining people in search of optimal ways of functioning and development of prosperity and power. That's why I should talk about political conflicts, political struggle, political course, political programs.

I am especially important from the first look at my resource of power. Without power, there can be no normal, effective politics. To wave the ratio of those successors, yakі vvazhayut, that whether the problem is suspіlna nabuvaє political character, її vyshennya tim chi іnshimi rank pov'yazane with power.

Politics in the best rank will go to make decisions. It inspires mutual interdependence, dialectics of internal and external minds, and factors in the development of prosperity and power. It is natural that politics is subdivided into internal and external.

Domestic policy

The internal policy was the succession of direct activities of the state in the economic, social, scientific, lighting, demographic, right-wing, military and other most important spheres of social life. For the implementation of the goals of domestic policy, the state won a wide range of costs, such as the state budget, taxes, the system of social security, the financing of science, education, health protection, judicial and law enforcement agencies.

The policy of the state in various spheres of a suspіlnogo life is not even surrounded by the imperial sovereignty of the central government. As it was conceived, the government of the state accumulates three equals: the imperial sovereign, the regional and the local. Obviously, the policy is also applied to all three of them.

There are direct differences in the internal politics of the state. Talk about the policy of economic, industrial, agrarian, social, military, employment, labor, enlightenment, health care, protect the law and order.

For example, the powers themselves should play a leading role in the creation of a well-maintained infrastructure in the key areas of sustainable life: economy, transport, energy, social sphere, science, education and technology. Vono is the guarantor of freedom of undertakings, protection of the rights of the sergeant and the rights of the guardians, etc.

Particularly indispensable is the role of the state as a guarantor of support for the competitive environment, which is of primary importance to antimonopoly and antitrust legislation. The state plays an indispensable role in the currency and financial spheres, ensuring the supremacy of the national currency and the stability of the penny system. The key place in the politics of the state is occupied by the warehouse, which accepted the state budget.

One of the people who were found by the dial -to -house is social is social, yak є complex of Zakhodiv, cos, that realized the power for the good -willed widespread of the populated populis, the reservation of the ribs of the man, the dummy impossible, old and disabled people.

For whom directly, the policy of the state in the sphere of science, enlightenment, and protection of health is especially important. Zagal, social policy vikonuє function stabilizator Suspіlstva, zapobіgannya podannja social and political instability, scho maє virishalne znachennja for life and effective functioning of the Suspіlstva that power. It is obvious that social policy is suffocating even more widely than the population that hangs around in all spheres of life and the most important greatness of the population of the state.

In this sphere, the effectiveness of the policy cannot and cannot be assessed for indicators of profitability and competitiveness.

In this plan, the significance of the importance of such spheres and institutions is important, the results of their activity cannot be compared in terms of material recoupment, non-recoupment, profitability and competitiveness of products, as is customary in the sphere of economics. Here the main significance is the criteria for ensuring social justice and spiritual health and well-being.

Tse, zokrema, systems of education and health protection, social assistance to the unprofitable population, fundamental science, support for the defense of the country, protection of the rule of law and others. Particularly important significance can be blamed on the management of various conflicts. Here, the head meta is used to defeat, neutralize, regulate, and resolve conflicts.

An independent object of the state policy is international rendition. Particularly important is the significance of the stink of the bagatational powers. As you can see, the modern world has more lands and rich-tonal ones. In the minds, if the ethno-national factor comes to the fore and becomes a catalyst for rich destruction and inducing violent conflicts, then the problem becomes more and more important.

The policy of the state can directly ensure the legal, social, cultural, political regulation of international vindications. It is important to vrahuvaty that the state is attacked, especially for defending and protecting the interests of rights and freedoms, not only for the rich people, but also for ethnic, confessional, cultural and other minorities, regardless of their social, racial, national status

An important warehouse internal policy is a policy, directed to the protection and improvement of the dovkіllya, environmental policy. Vaughn can be on the method of rational recovery and renewal of natural resources, conservation and development of the biota of the sociosphere, which ensures normal life and ecological safety of the people.

The military policy is the main part of the state’s global policy, which serves to ensure the national security of the country against external and internal threats, protection and realization of national interests, territorial integrity and sovereignty. Here the head meta of the state's policy is the development of that development, which will help to improve the defense of the country, in front of the way of saving on the flat river, and for the need to build up the defense forces.

The rights and freedoms of the people and the hulk are the most valuable, as the powers are trusted, and the power, looking at its functions goiter, is to ensure the protection of the rights and freedoms of the hulks, the safest foundation of supremacy. About the importance of this function of the state, note the fact that it is enshrined in Art. 2 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. In this sphere, the key role is played by the system of law enforcement agencies: the police, the prosecutor's office, the court system.

The legal protection system is the succession of state-legal protections, methods and guarantees, which will ensure the protection of people from the wrong side of other people or representatives of the state. At її zavdannya include the implementation of the implementation of the attempts to prevent the disruption of social ties and connections, the defense of the community order, the rights and legitimate interests of the community, their collectives and organizations, the creation of and the promotion of the entire complex of the community and the community. In this context, the effectiveness of the state’s policy in the law enforcement sphere is considered to be a step in minimizing the primus and activating the costs, which are directly related to the desires of the positive legal behavior of the citizens, to the enforcement of laws and regulations.

Understandably, the internal policy of the state is by no means interchanged with names directly, but they can be called key ones, in the form of an effective version of which the camp is to lie, the prospects for the welfare of that power are prosperous. In a nutshell, we can say that the domestic policy of the state plays a vital role in the creation and protection of social and economic infrastructure, the protection of all institutions of the community and the security of the necessary umvans and living and functioning of the building.

Politics is an overly foldable sphere of human stature. One of the most important tasks is the management of the welfare of the interests of various social subjects. Many interests I often include one by one.

The category of “politics” has a wide range of names for the one-man work of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. Vіn having looked at the policy as a form of splіkuvannya sіmey and pologіv for the sake of a happy, good life. In Denmark, this term is often used to mean variance, see the flow and kerіvnitstva. So, to talk about the politics of the president, parties, firms, editorial office, principal mortgage, nominee, the leader of that participant in any group.

Politics- it is designated as a sphere of activity, connected with the rozpodilom of that state of power in the middle of the power and between the powers with the method of reaching the security of the state.

In the most broad meaning the policy is not interpreted otherwise, as the activity of organizing the peaceful life of people in the society , as it is necessary for that corisne in this plan of order. And political views are like a system of connections between people, as they blame and develop themselves from the drive of the organization and the functioning of sovereign power.

Nayavnіst that stand of the policy to lie down due to low factors. Tsya stіykі nebhіdnі factors, or zv'yazku, i є laws of politics. Before such links, you can add the following:

staleness of the subject's policy in the interest of another subject. The policy of vibudovu the one who married safely: in the blessings, in the number of life and health, in the social situation, splkuvanni meagerly; whoever has great resources, that one dictates the mind of a political (collective) reason; i.e., dictates to the one who has less incubation;
the staleness of the stability of political assets in view of the readiness of subjects to sacrifice some private interests;
the staleness of the sleepy security of the sleepy in the form of justice rozpodіlu social positions of the subjects of politics.

Safeguarding three main elements. Social security can be on the basis of saving the subject of his singing status. Economical security means access to the facilities. Spiritual security conveys the possibility of a free choice of ideas, believe, savor it thinly, as if it does not infringe on the interests of other people.

Politics is like a suspense

traditional, if the policy is determined through the state, then the fate of the people in the zdіysnі chi oponuvanny vlady;
sociological, at the borders of some kind of policy is interpreted by the widest sense, as if it were some kind of social activity, which, with independent ker_vnitstvom people, rozpodіl benefits and resources, regulation of conflicts just.

In the traditional way the policy stands as a special one, ruling over other sovereign-dominant spheres of suspenseful life and being implemented in it. There are such specific designations of the policy, which interpret it as:

the sphere of the struggle for power and the way to implement the goal of power;
science and the art of state administration;
way of carrying out legal social punishments and orders that in.

In sociological approach politics, as a bulky activity, is not obov'yazkovo tied to sovereign power, but also, it does not establish a special sphere of suspenseful life. There is a present creak, and be like a manifestation of a chi diy nabuvayut political nature of this world, such a stench "zachіpayu organization and mobilization of resources, the necessary implementation of the goals of a particular team, splnosti too.” It often seems to him: “Where you don’t throw it, the politics will break.” There is a presence in the house, if the retinue is so sensible as a man, what is left to the rest, that the fault is at the master's hut, wanting to actually rebuy with the retinue "under the heel".

Interpretation of the concept of "politics":

The course, on the basis of which decisions are taken, come in whenever you finish that molding day.
The art of managing people, all kinds of activities from self-supporting ceramics.
The sphere of struggle for conquest, the triumph of that victory of sovereign power.
The art of governing the state.

The need for support from the politician. Necessity of policy

As its fundamental social support policy can be objective the need for suppleness in self-regulation.

for its structure asymmetrically. The reasons for different classes and (professional, demographic, ethnic, etc.), which may be dissimilar, and even directly opposite, interests, exercises, ideologies, will inevitably lead to their struggle one by one. And in order that it is natural for all hours and for all peoples, the struggle did not form the form of war "all against all", special organization of force is needed, as if it would take on the function of її zapobіgannya, it would provide the necessary minimum of suspension regulation and order. The very function of self-preservation of the support of the politician is victorious and we are in front in the person of such a supreme subject, like a state. Nevipadkovo policy is often called "The art of living together, the art of unity among the impersonal".

The role of politics in sustainability:

z'yasuvannya sensu іsnuvannya tsієї spіlnostі and system їїpriorities;
uzgodzhennya and balance of interests of all її members, vyznachennya zagalnyh collective aspirations and goals;
viroblennya accepted by all the rules of behavior and life;
rozpodіl funktsіy і roles mizh usіma subjects danї spіlnostі аbo less viroblennya tih rules, for yak vіdbuvaєtsya tsey rozpodіl;
the creation of a profoundly accepted (intelligently sensible) language for all - verbal (verbal) or symbolic, building, ensuring effective mutual understanding and mutual understanding of all participants in the community.

On a vertical view, as shown in the diagram, political subjects(to those who "rule" the policy and take the fate of the political-rulers) to speak:

Policies

"Field of Politics", tobto. that expanse, on which way it expands, may two types of vimіryuvannya: territorial and functional. First, it is christened by the borders of the country, the other - by the sphere of dividing political decisions that are accepted. When tsomu in the field, the field includes practically all the galleys of the supple life: economy, ideology, culture, etc. The policy of mutual interaction with her is based on the principle of a turning point, tobto. get out of the mutual policy and the suspense medium.

Character mutual relations between politics and economy bezposeredno lie in the type of sovereign arrangement. In totalitarian systems, the economy stands like a concentrated viraz of politics, tobto. won’t be cherished by her and re-ordered at the expense of economic dozilnosti, then in the current Western countries tsі dvі "іpostasі" act like supplementing and working one-on-one community systems. І the problem of vzaєmodії ekonomіki and politiki polіgaє not vyborі mіzh dvoma protilezhnosti: monopoly (element) power and monopoly (element) market. Look for the optimal models, the importance of reasonable proportions at this time and at other times. between sovereign regulation and freedom of private enterprise, self-regulation of the market. So ranks economic antietatism, tobto. outside the power of the economy, no more than the lower social utopia.

"Dilova" function of the policy of economics- not what else, yak variability and support in the maintenance of a minimum of social stability and order, for some it is less possible to have an effective government activity, zocrema and for the form of private. In the minds of chaos, that anarchy, such activity, according to the rule of thumb, is impossible. Chaos cannot be reformed. As far as the globally social “business” function of the economy, including business, according to the supremacy of that power, then it can be expressed with a borderline laconic goal setting: “growth and dress the people.” And yet, the people are not like an “utrimanet” that object of social beneficence, but the people in the role of a hired laborer and an active subject of the state’s activity, which at once accumulates in its own person as the main harvester, so saving material and intangible benefits.

I should give special respect to those who politics is inextricably tied to ideology and posture ideology and without ideology it is impossible. Ideology, as a system of values of this suspіlstvo, scho mobіlіzatsiyny potential, according to the relation to politics vikonu double kind of functions: from one side, orientation function; from the other - the function of її ideological legitimation, that is. to the truth.

First function especially important at the sharp turns of history, with the change of the political mood and the fundamental lamanna of the traditional structures of that manifestation. Friend- as zasіb legіtimatsії sovereign-sovereign decisions, tobto. as a result, the truth is quiet among them, as they are unpopular among the people, to wear, as they say, a “shock therapy” character, following the principle “there is simply no other way”.

Specially folded see between politics and science. Politics, by virtue of the power of richness, subjectivity, dynamism and other features, is unevenly meaningful to science, that is. it is necessary to work up to the exact implementation of the solutions that have been broken by science, the laws that have been passed by it. Science does not “rule” politics, but plays the role of an unprepared, “because of good and evil”, radnik. Chodo policy the main function of science suto pragmatic - tse, nasampered, її іnformatsiyne zabezpechennya, carried out examinations, forecasting and modeling of the situation and іn.

The serious development of politics is conveyed by the sight of such a key food, like spіvvіdshenie politiki i moralі.

On a par with mass statements about politics, the widest point of view is that there is a lot of arrogance about it, nonsense: there, where politics starts, morality ends. If we look back to the history of those days of today, then such a thought may have the right to be grounded, ale won, prote, cannot be recognized as correct to the end of that scientific one. There is no reason to think that the current political task for immorality is not necessary. Everything should be deposited according to the nature of that suspenseful arrangement, in which the policy is implemented, and also according to the "cleanliness of hands" is quiet, who is worth the cost of її kerma. There, de є democracy, de be-yakі dії in the sphere of politics under the control of mechanisms, the people, there morality and politics coexist as a whole one by one. Ale, the summation of morality and politics - over the savory pre-trimannian politics of moral norms, and the rational, moral division of good and evil. Politics is still a specific sphere of emotions, sometimes it’s more “cool” decisions, if the imperatives of morality are brought to the fore with rationality and docilnistyu diy, and the power of passion and prejudice with the dictates of the situation. Politician is morally the same, if goodness comes out of yogo vchinkiv, in essence outweighs evil. The French educator Voltaire yazku z tsim saying: "Often, to do great good, to do little evil."

The emergence of the world of such a phenomenon as a “politics” is swayed by the fact that the suspense for its structure is asymmetric. The basis of various classes and social groups (professional, demographic, ethnic, etc.), which may be unbeatable, or even directly opposite interests, pragnennya, ideologies, with the inevitability of up to one of these, one struggle.

The great ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, having formulated the position about those that “... a person by his nature is a political truth ...”, and that means that in the other world, education to a political life. Nutrition is more than aware of the particularity of becoming a subject and object of politics, it is thoughtful to exercise your political choice in quiet chi other situations.

Without politics, our life would be transformed into those who are led by an English thinker T.Hobbes calling "war of all against all", if the people are at war with the people, the place with the city, the street with the street, the house with the house and the village, the people with the people. The very function of self-preservation of the sustainability of the policy is victorious.

« Politics"- one of the widest and richest words, like in the Russian language, so in the rich language of the world. In everyday life, politics is often called whether it is purposeful activity, something like activity of a power worker, a party or a company, or to build a squad squad to its own person, to order a singer-songwriter.

Prote most of the people, living the term "politics", practically don't bother with the right zmist. Old Greek political fiend Pericles hardened:

"Only few people can create politics, but everyone else can judge about it."

At that very hour, the presence of primordial words among those who are polyhay, having become zagalnovіdomimi, stinks often waste their primary sense. Great German philosopher Georg Hegel ahead of time: ". as if we are becoming zagalnovіdomim, it means that we don’t know exactly what to go about. ” Sticking to political terms, the Russian historian V. Klyuchevsky wrote that we stink about our history, and we will inevitably fall into an anachronism, as if we were talking about monuments of history in a distant hour, it’s understandable to the modern sense. It is worth discussing and understanding the term "politics".

It is possible to touch the essence of that zmist category "politics" on three levels.

On the equal footing. In this way, the bulky person creates the first, background vision of politics, which allows him to join to a politically organized community, to know the community with powerful goals, and to be able to mutually cooperate with the power of that power. Every now and then there is a small “natural” picture of politics with the improvement of individual empirical evidence and the traditional formation of ideas, sounds, stereotypes.
On the scientific and theoretical level. Here, a form of abstract thought is formed, for the help of a person who vibudovuє at his own knowledge about the calls and internal links of politics on the basis of the consolidation of that systematization of not individual, but intergroup and universal information. The specifics of this equal field in the rational-critical comprehension of political activity and the creation of such a picture of the world of politics, as described and explained the whole phenomenon as a whole.
On the level of technological fermentation, to serve as a different kind of scientific evidence, which is formed for the accomplishment of a specific political task, it represents science as a special “art”, “craft”, “majsternist”. Tsey rіven suttєvo vplivaє on the method of molding that development of this kind of knowledge, the ways of their organization and form of intrusion.

Today, regardless of the turbulent development of scientific political science knowledge, the category of "politics" is still overwhelmed with criticism, zaznayuchi change that addition to the world of new theoretical models. Vono demonstrates the quality of unambiguous definitions of the phenomenon of politics, the practice of malevolence always hangs specifics at the borders of once known logic. The term "politics" is practically always victorious among a few senses.

The similarity of the term “politics” is interpreted differently by the authors.

Some contributors argue that naming politics resembles the Greek “polis” and similar “politeia” (constitution), “polites” (gromadyanin) and “politicos” (sovereign fief).

In addition, it is important to understand what it means to be like “politike”, which meant science and the art of administration of sovereign rights. Still others take into account that the very word politics resembles “politeia”, which meant the legislator of the formalization of a state-sponsored system. Quarters perekonani, scho understand "politics" to resemble the Greek words "poli" (bagato) and "tikos" (interesi).

The word “politics” became wider and wider after it became the publication of a treatise by the ancient Greek thinker Aristotle about the power of that mysticism of government, which was called “Politics” like that.

In Ancient Greece, under the word “politics”, everything that stood for sovereign activity was brought to mind. Yes, zokrema, Plato and Aristotle they respected the policy of governing the power. Aristotle, having respected the correct forms of sovereign life (monarchy, aristocracy, polity), for some methods of politics, there is a great blessing. Plato, naming politics as the magic of living at once, that is the magic of awakening. This child is called communication.

Victorious directive pidkhid, classic of political science, Italian philanthropist Nicholas Machiavelli vvazhav, what is nothing else, like "the wealth of cats, as necessary for that, to come to power, to be at ease with the power of that corny vikoristati її".

A German sociologist M.Weber blaming that politics “means pragnennya to participate in the government, or I’ll splurge on the government, either between powers, or in the middle of the power between groups of people who are out of their own way ... Whoever is engaged in politics, that’s right.”

From a functional approach, T. Parsons wrote:

"Politics is the succession of methods in organizing the first elements of the total system, depending on one of the fundamental functions, and in itself: effective action to achieve common goals."

And D.Iston rozumіv politika like a master rozpodіl zіnnosti seredinі suspіlstva.

On the basis of the institutional approach, V. Lenin, having taken into account that the policy is “a region of freedom between the classes of the susprestvo, їhnі stosunki to the state as a sign of the panivny class, the concentration of the expression of the economy”.

As far as the interpretation of the concept of "politics" in scientific dictionaries, we believe that in the Popular Political Dictionary, seen by Moscow in 1924, politics is accepted as the art of governing the power as a song directly from the power, the party, the establishment.

S. Ozhegov, in the Glossary of the Russian Federation, states the policy as the activity of the organs of the structure of state power and administration, instilling a sustainable structure and the economic structure of the country.

The Radyansky philosophical encyclopedic dictionary looks at politics as activity, connected with the representatives of the middle classes, nations and other social groups, the core of which is the problem of conquest, the subjugation of that victory of state power.

Presented the interpretannia of the half -teches of the stroke of the riznomanitty, the Ale in the pepper permit to the rodkriti, the passionate of the half of the yak of the socialist is likely: “Politika is the sphere, it was reached by the worships, the worship that victory of sovereign power, the management of social processes”.

Politics can classify from different substations:

Behind the spheres of suspіlnogo life: economical; social; national; scientific and technical; ecological; cultural; viyskova and in.
According to the object of injection: internal and external.
Schodo subject of politics: party politics; the policy of the public associations and revolutions; state policy is too thin.
Behind the priority of activity(meti): policy of neutrality; policy of national reconciliation; the policy of "open doors"; politics of the "great haircut"; the policy of compromise is too thin.

In this order, the policy is: the fate of the right powers, the designation of forms, the task, the protection of її activity; activity in the sphere between classes, nations, parties and powers; sukupnіst podіy chi nourishment of sovereign, suspіlnogo life; characteristic of the method of diy, contributions to the achievement of the singing goals of the entrepreneurs among themselves. In a broad sense, politics is distinguished from the strength of social action. At the highest level of razumnіnі pіd politikoyu razumіyutsya vіdnosinі mіzh great social groups of people schоdo realization of political interests.

From the functional point of view, the role of politics in any kind of suspense (starting from a small group and ending with a suspense with a splurge) can be reduced to the offensive:

Vladno significant іnteresіv vsіh group versv suspіlstva. Politics gives people the opportunity to satisfy their needs and change their social status.
Socialization of specialty, molding of a person as an independent, socially active individual. Through politics, people build up social identities, they include special features in the folding world of social assets, constructing an individual as an independent socially active identity, the subject of politics.
Rationalization of superpowers, ensuring the civilized dialogue between the people and the state. In the course of satisfaction, the needs and interests of individuals are exposed to contradictions, conflicts are blamed. The role of politics is to smooth out the rubbish.
Management and security of political and suspіlnimi processes. Political processes, like in the interests of the quiet chi іnshih versts of the population chi zagal society, transfer victories to the primus and social violence.
Integration of different social versions of the population, strengthening the integrity of the suspended system, stability and order.
Safeguarding the offensiveness of the social development of the suspense of the smoke and the skin of the people of the okremo. And here the political course can be changed by the support of the political course, like a distant legacy, and it can be gradually changed by practical knowledge, a healthy mind, norms of morality.
Ensuring the innovation of the social development of our society and people, expanding the scope of work between peoples, human nature.
Organizational.
Control-rozpodіlna.

I realized that in this situation there is less to talk about the most important functions of politics. By the equal development of these functions, one can judge the stages of development of the society itself, its maturity and the development of political life.

The structure of politics has a change, a form and a process (blue). The change of politics is manifested in її goals, values, motives and mechanisms for adopting political decisions, in problems that seem to be out of whack. The form of politics is the whole organizational structure (power, parties, too), and to create norms, laws, to give stability, stability and allow to regulate the political behavior of people. The process is aware of its own foldable, richly subjective and conflict nature of political activity, showing the influence of different social groups, organizations and individuals. Seeing this, looking at politics like a suspense, you can see the coming structural elements:

political interest - internal, awareness of the dzherelo political behavior;
political vіdnosini - vzaєmozv'yazok suspіlnyh groups between themselves and institutions of power;
political awareness - the staleness of political life in the light of the apprehended setting of people to their own vladno-significant interests;
political organization - the organization of institutions of political power;
political activity - social activity of subjects in the way they realize their political statuses.

Politics has its own subject and object.

Subject- Tse nosіy be-yakoy subject-practical activity, dzherelo activity, spramovanoї on the object.
Object- tse those, scho to resist the subject in yoga subject-practical activity, in knowledge. In other words, the subject dіє, vplyaє on the object, pragne vikoristati yoga in their interests.

In terms of politics, one can say that the subject of politics, the one who leads an active political life, takes part in the political process: specialty, social group, community and religious associations, power, or both organizations, international organizations.

The object of politics is those on which the subject of politics is directed: power, interests and values, population as an electorate, power, specialty, etc.

The policy can be applied on a number of levels:

megariven - international and world politics;
macroeconomics - the main central political institutions, state governing bodies, community organizations and associations;
mezoriven - management bodies of the regional, republican, regional, district scale;
micro-river - non-intermediate political interaction of people, small social groups.

In this manner, politics may have an all-season social character and may extend practically to the dermal member of the conspiracy. Political science, as a science, develops politics in all manifestations, and the development of political science takes the form of a socially active specialty.

We know a lot about leather policy. We know everything about the politics of the state, our company and conduct our own political line with our families. And what is politics? Try to grow up in some food.

What does "politics" mean?

The word politics came to us from ancient Greek language. It looks like the word politike, as if it were being translated like a supremacy of sovereignty. A lot of famous philosophers gave their own policy. For example, Plato vvazhav, scho policy є mystetstvo management usima іnshimi міїзцєtv (ship, oratory, viyskove only) with the method of improving the lives of the people. Machiavellian, having taken into account that knowledge about the right and wise ruling power can be called politics.

What is politics: modern appointment

Politics is called arrogant curiosity for the adoption of a decision that diї, as if it were easier to achieve the goal set. Politics viroblyaet straight lines, which are necessary to follow in order to reach the goal. Krym tsgogo, she will explain why it is necessary to reach them directly. If you want politics to direct the victoriousness of the task set to reach the singing mark, prote, deprive your freedom of action from your own.

What is the essence of politics

The concept of "politics" has long been included in our promo and everyday life. Ale khіba it became out of the mind of which mind? Let's try to explain what the essence of politics is:

Politics is created by the state structures and the huge revolutions, so it is inextricably linked with them.
Politics is the struggle for power, corying with it that morning.
Politics can be seen as a procedure for adopting a decision in the court, but there is no total unity. Solutions can satisfy the interests of a great group of people, or, on the contrary, even a narrow number of people.
Politics can be compared with one of the types of art. Aje the main politician will always reach the goal with minimal expenses, the building will reconcile the opposing sides, protect the interests of his party, the people of that power, like a long-term, and short-term one. But everything is not possible, as a politician does not have deep knowledge, talent, intuition.

What does politics do

Politics plays a significant role in the development of any kind of prosperity. Let's take a look at the report, below the policy of the state is engaged:

Ensure the stability and stability of the suspense.
Ensure efficiency and mobilization of all types of community activities.
It regulates the interests of the public.
Safeguarding socialist socialization, by means of a way to involve individuals and whole groups of the population in social life.
I create the right-hand man and freedom of specialty, and navit є the guarantor of their dotrimanny.

What is the point of politics

Before politics, one can add all those who, as if by rank, were tied up with the masses, political parties and state structures. It is possible to explain to them that everything has been listed and is creating politics, also, and is inextricably linked to it. Whether it be a problem, it will take away from the sphere of respect of the state, the mass rush of the party, and once it becomes a political problem.

What to enter before politics

Politics is rich and varied world, where to enter:

Rіznі science, tk. politics is inextricably linked with them.
Values, interests and establishment of various political institutions and social groups.
Mechanisms to satisfy and regulate interests, which will help to split the state.
Without intermediary interaction between objects and subjects of politics.

Before the elements of politics, one can also include political opinions, political power, political organization and culture, political awareness, as well as subjects of politics.

What is the face policy

The tax policy is the documentation that regulates the maintenance of the tax and accounting form at the enterprise or in the organization, as well as a whole set of rules on how to display on the organization’s accounts of income and income, putting on the balance of the mine and folding of the documents.

In other words, the corporate policy can be seen as the totality of documents, as it makes it easier to manage the accounting image and reduce taxes.

Competently rozroblen oblіkova policy allows you to change in a legal way podatkuvannya podprijemstva chi organization.

The oblikova policy is developed by the head accountant, and it is confirmed by the organization’s certifier, which kind of order is carried out.

(Greek. πόλις ) were historically molded like local communities with self-rowning, like they constituted themselves like a political formation, spility - the form of self-organization of the community was typical for Ancient Greece. She took off the development and expansion through Italy and without a middle through the Roman Empire. For the growing powers of that empire, the policy of mutually with the great territories led to the slowness of the policy and the perfect management system. Politics, as a methodology of management, was molded in policies, the management elite and different camps (crafts, arts, schools) were formed in which the future elite was molded.

By itself, the term, as it is seen, was introduced in the IV century BC. e. . Aristotle, who proponuuvav yoma such a designation: politics is the art of managing a state (polis). In the meantime, politics was seen as an okrema of the social butt of the back to the bottom - even if it’s better, lower, for example, economics or morality. Іsnuє kіlka rіznіh vyavlen about the nature of that policy change:

Theological. Apparently, before this announcement, politics, like life in a rush, may be a divine adventure.
Anthropological. Taki Pidhіd yawyazu with a human nature: to come across, the same, they are mutual for dictations of the Satuns (I, with the same, the zumovy, the zumovs, are low in the characteristic rice ).
Biological. Podіbne interpretation, navpaki, may be on the verge, that the nature of politics is guilty of understanding on the basis of sleeping soils for humans and creatures - such, for example, as aggressiveness, the instinct of self-saving, the struggle for survival, etc. speaking with the phenomenon of aggressiveness of war, revolution and other conflicts that make room for the life of prosperity.
Psychological. Obviously, before the first manifestation of the political interplay between people, the needs, interests, emotions and other manifestations of the human psyche. For example, S. Freud interpreted politics to the traditional key for himself, for example, associating the nature of politics with incomprehensibility.
Social. Vidpovidny pіdkhіd conveys that the policy of є spawned suspіlstva and was formed in the course of the evolution of the rest - in the world of growth and development of social stratification. The neolithic revolution can be seen as the right point of these supremacy changes, as it plunged into the forms of the state, so it into the way of life of people as a whole. The logic of the appearance of politics at any time may look like this:
1. Increasing productivity of people's activity will lead to the appearance of private authority. Остання, у свою чергу, сприяє розвитку економіки, її спеціалізації, а також формуванню нових соціальних об'єднань, поглиблює автономність і незалежність особистості, забезпечуючи їй можливість досягти певного становища в суспільстві економічним шляхом, а також посилює розшарування суспільства за майновою ознакою, породжуючи конфлікт .
2. Social differentiation, in addition to ethnic and religious signs, is becoming more pronounced.
3. Demographic growth and expansion of economic activity actualize the problem of independence of other cities and towns, as well as the task of protecting the integrity of the territory, which is under the control of the designated land.

Obviously, the policy blames the connection for the second time, the virishity of vikladenі more problems and conflict situations by traditional methods - for help, moral attitudes, then. Parallels with the law of politics act as one of the new regulators, recognized for solving these problems; Moreover, with this method, a state is formed as a new form of structuring and organizing the life of people. By virtue of this understanding of politics, without intermediary it will appear with the understanding of the state and power. The concept of the political scientist M. Duverger sees three forms of power - anonymous, individualized and institutionalized; the first two are designated as sovereign, and the third - as powerfully sovereign, which has a public character and inspires the emergence of politics.

Essence of politics

In the course of the development of scientific and philosophical ideas, various political agendas were promoted: the more “tsar's mystekstvo”, which influences the Volodymyr's wealth of specific (oratorical, military, judicial, etc.), in the mind of “protect all the people with the greatest possible "(Plato), knowledge about the correct and wise rule (Machiavelli), the leadership of the sovereign apparatus or embracing the goal of leadership (Max Weber), the struggle of class interests (Karl Marx). Let us expand the clouding of politics like activity, which manifests itself in the behavior of hromada groups, like the totality of models of behavior and managing the suppleness of the lungs and create power control, as such, at the same time, smash for the will by the power of power. Існує також уявлення, що у найзагальнішому вигляді політика може бути визначена як соціальна діяльність, спрямована на збереження або зміну існуючого порядку розподілу влади та власності в державно-організованому суспільстві (внутрішня політика) та світовому співтоваристві (зовнішня політика, глобальна чи світова політика).

Politics is a richly planned social phenomenon, which can be seen as an instrument of self-regulation of society. The main purpose of the policy is low, proponated by various theoretical directions, in which one of the main aspects in political activity is supported: institutional, legal, economic, psychological, social, anthropological, etc.

Main Approaches

In a historical retrospective, the basic trends in the essential nature of politics, like i, like y in the area of \u200b\u200bgenesis, can be pointed out at the boundaries of the totality of various theoretical approaches. Before them, you can see the following:

Substantial. The appointments of the policy appear without intermediary from the understanding of the government, dictating the policy, either as a management for the help of the government, or as a practice until the wake of that saving. Zim is directly associated with the understanding of politics, presented in the works of M. Machiavelli, M. Weber and K. Marx.
institutional. Appointed, in some respect, to look after the singing organization, or to the kind of partnership of people that victories over their functions. As a rule, as a key institution, a state is designated (such a look, zokrema, V. Lenin), however, there are other variations that accentuate respect for other public institutions.
sociological. Within the framework of this approach, society is accepted as a collection of structurally organized groups that realize their needs and interests for additional power, and politics, apparently, like these other forms of activities of such social groups, are in the realm of consumption.
teleological. Podіbne razumіnnya the essence of the policy is explained by the concepts of the organization, the purpose and purpose of the statement, the understanding of which the field of the term “politics” is expanding.

In addition, modern political science has two protracted approaches, one to one, to the understanding of politics: consensual and confrontational. Pershered Virishnnya of problems with non -Salitsky and non -confusion methods, behind the pre -person spivprats, the jacket of compromise, I half in the nomo rosemi, the yak is a recable of the house of the other in the place of the other. or organizations over the weak. Necokhoy, VTIM, at the Tsomu Vidnachiti, Shcho is not a skewedness of the meaning of the importance of be the same with the product є a product of the borotbi cucumber of the ribs (conflicts of one thing confrontational approaches.

Alternative appointments

Politics is the fight against impersonal interests (the art of management for the improvement of the interests of all versions of the society). Appointment related to the etymology of the Greeks. πολιτικός, de πολι (poly) means faceless, and τικός (tіkos) - interest; (literally - "impersonal interests") [ ]. So, the sovereign servants in the places of ancient Greece were called politikos, and the hulks, yakі little cіkavilis that took the fate of the political life of their place, were called ιδιοτικός ( idiotikos) ;
Politics is the art of the permissible. The history points to the manipulation and aggressiveness of the policy of wealthy rulers. Politics is a management, a tool, and it is necessary to revise it for the purposes of falsification (imitation character) of politics;
Politics is the all-season phenomenon of a suspenseful life, which permeates all forms and includes all forms of social activity of people, all types of activity from these organizations and ker_vnitstva within the framework of the process of virobnitstva;
Politics - the goal of managing the distribution of resources;
Politics is the whole sphere of the life of society, connected with the otriman, the utriman and victories of power;
Politics - tse pragnennya to participate in the power, or nadannya vplyu on rozpodіl vlady, either between powers, or in the middle of the power between groups of people, as if they won't take revenge on their own;
Politics - the fate of the right of the power, the right of the power, the designation of forms, the task, the change of the power of the power;
Politics - the purpose of the organization's activity (її behavioral model), the zocrema activity of the state to realize its goals (interests), for example: - technical policy;
Politics - be it a program of diy, see all the activities of independent pottery, no matter what. Obviously, in terms of significance, we can say, for example, about the currency policy of the bank, about the school policy of the Moscow municipalities, about the family policy of the squad of every person and every child;
Politics - sukupnіst zahodіv і dіy, investih u reach explicitly given result;
Politics is a form of joint communion that reflects the corporate interests of trade unions and that the public society (states) like flows, disruptions, trade unions and other public organizations and unite for specific interests. The most thoroughly organized party and church among them;
Politics is the art of uniting people;
Politics is the struggle for the right to establish their own rules for the gri;
Politics - the art of evil in the name of goodness (philosophical and ethically assigned to a broad meaning);
Politics - the decree of the third person, which should be directed at the vikonannya;
Politics - the strategy of anyone, on the proposition of right and freedom, has been drawn. (Politics like this can propagate rights, vіdmіnі vіd rights, proponovanіh іnshoy politiki);
Politics - come in the one that gets used to a special way with the method of creating ideas about those, like everything can be vlashtovano in the middle of the middle. For example, the policy of the firm "A" can change whether the functions of the possessor, which are viroblyayetsya by it, with the method of increasing profits.

Policy functions

Apparently before its recognition, the policy has a number of main functions:

Implementation of the interests of social groups, which may be significant at a glance of power.
Regulation of that ordering of processes and vidnosin, which is based on the state, as well as the minds, in which the practice of such virobnitstvo is established.
Security as an approach to the development of sustainability, and the adoption of new models of yogo evolution (for innovation).
Rationalization of water for people and help to eliminate problems in society, search for reasonable solutions to the problems that arise.

Policy structure

In politics, there are subjects, which actors are independent and independent participants in the political process (for example, people's collectives, institutions, organizations, etc.), 'Yes. In the aftermath of such interdependence, political views are blamed, as, in their own right, they are determined by the political interests of the subjects. On all the listing of structural elements, political evidence (the totality of values, ideals, emotions) and political culture intersect from the side. The summation of warehouses creates the manifestation of the greater abstraction: political system, political regime and political processes.

See Politics

The classification of types of policies is determined by the number of substituents:

Behind the main sphere of socialism: economic, social, scientific and technical, military thinly.
Directly or by scale: the inside and the outside.
Behind her character is progressive, reactionary, scientifically grounded and voluntarist.
According to the subjects: the politics of the world, spilnoty, powers, organizations, etc.

Political processes and suspense

VID vidpovіynytypiyatovykhki-related requirements of the sincer of suspension at the yogo Material, the spiritual aspect, and this is the enemy of the actual can, the head of the Ekononychny, so the very seniors in the aspects of the native of the same quick abo, navpaki, zatrimka development.

The basis of political processes is the collection of ideas and methods of their implementation. Politics may have a temporal character, so it can be changed through the change of leaders (kerivniki).

The political party is the organization of the same-minded people from the far-flung schools of the process and ideology of management. Political ideology is based on a description of the concept of phenomena and mechanisms, processes and management structures. The politicization of management often demonstrates the opposing of ideologies and manipulations on the arrogance of the goals of the shadow government and the lobbying of the interests of third parties beyond the borders of the management itself. Political parties look at the implementation of state administration in a different way. Therefore, the policy of the powers is determined by the balance of both and/or opposition to different ideologies.

Depending on the type (profile, equal) of organization, they differentiate: state policy (zocrema monetary policy), military policy, party policy, technical policy (for voluntary organizations) just.

In the fall, directly, the activities of organizations are divided: internal and external politics, social politics, too.

As the international organization Oxfem is supposed to, “in rich countries, the main imbalance leads to imbalances in the political representation of other groups of society. Political and economic rules and solutions to save money for everyone else" .

Political systems and ideologies

Today, 20 political and ideological systems are seen: