If you got stuck with this article, then you, maybe, got stuck, or you allow yourself to get stuck with one of the following problems on your computer:
- clearly does not connect the hard disk physically as a single logical disk. The most common problem is due to the time of work with the files of the great obsyagu (video, graphics, data base);Troubleshooting and other problems may occur on your computer's RAID system.
- obviously not vistacha productivity of the hard drive. The most common problem is the fault of one hour of work with systems of non-linear video editing, or one-hour download to files on the hard disk of a large number of coristuvachs;
- obviously not vistachaev nadіnostі Winchester. Most of the time, this problem is caused by the need to pay with tribute, as it is not possible to spend it at any other time, otherwise the debt is available for the koristuvach. Sumny dosvid shows that the most advanced technique can be broken and, as a rule, at the most inopportune moment.
What is "RAID"?
In 1987, Patterson, Gibson, and Katz from the University of California, Berkeley, published the article "A case for superfluous arrays from cheap disk drives (RAID)". In this article, different types of disk arrays were described, which are assigned to short-range RAID - Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks (a redundant array of independent (or inexpensive) disk drives). RAID is based on the following idea: by combining into an array of small and/or cheap disk drives, you can take the system apart, which will turn over for obsyagy, the security of the robot and the superiority of the most expensive disk drives. Until then, such a system looked like a single disk drive to the computer's eye.As you can see, the middle hour is directed to a single disk drive array compared to the middle hour directed to a single disk drive, divided by the number of disk drives in the array. Due to this middle hour, the direction of the air massif is too small for a lot of programs. However, a disk array can be expanded in ways that are stable up to one disk drive.
Five types (rіven) of disk arrays have been assigned to the fortune-telling article: RAID-1, RAID-2, ..., RAID-5. Leather type, having secured the stability on the windows, and navit different advantages against a single drive. A number of five types of popularity have also been added to a RAID-0 disk array, which is not overbearing.
Which of them should I choose?
RAID-0. It sounds like NOT a superfluous group of drives without parity control. RAID-0 for the method of distributing information from drives that enter the array, sometimes called "Striping" ("smooth" or "tilnik"):The shards of RAID-0 are not superficial, the failure of one disk drive can lead to the failure of the entire array. On the other hand, RAID-0 ensures maximum exchange speed and efficiency over the volume of disk drives. Skills for RAID-0 do not require mathematical folding and logical calculations, but the cost for its implementation is minimal.
Congestion area: audio and video programs that require high speed, uninterrupted data transmission, as a single drive cannot be secured. For example, studies conducted by Mylex to determine the optimal disk system configuration for a non-linear video editing station show that, when paired with one disk drive, a RAID-0 array of two disk drives gives an increase in write/read speed by 96% of the disk drive. - By 143% (behind the Miro VIDEO EXPERT Benchmark).
The minimum number of disk drives for the "RAID-0" array is 2 pcs.
RAID-1. More information like "Mirroring" ("Derkalyuvannya") - a pair of disk drives, which save the same information and add up one logical disk:
Recording is carried out on hard disks in leather pair. Tim is no less, the drive who enters before the bet can perform one-hour reading operations. In this rank, "mirror" can win over the speed of reading, but the speed of writing is permanently overwritten. RAID-1 may 100% overworld and failure of one disk drive does not cause the entire array to fail - the controller simply transfers the read / write operation to the disk drive, which is abandoned.
RAID-1 secures most of the security of the workload of medium-sized types of superfluous arrays (RAID-1 - RAID-5), especially in the case of a richly polished hard disk space. Skills for RAID-1 do not require mathematical folding and logical calculations, but the cost for its implementation is minimal.
The minimum number of disk drives for the "RAID-1" array is 2 pcs.
To improve the security of the record and the safety of data storage, the storage of data in RAID-1 arrays can be combined into RAID-0. This configuration is called "two-tier" RAID or RAID-10 (RAID 0+1):
The minimum number of disk drives for the "RAID 0+1" array is 4 pcs.
The area of congestion: cheap massifs, for some smuts - the need to save money.
RAID-2. Rozpodіlyaє danі on straypіv rozіrіm y sektor grupі vіdkovіv. The deyakі diskіv vydіlyayutsya for zberіgannya ECC (correction pardon code). The majority of hard drives for locking save codes from ECC for the skin sector, RAID-2 does not give special advantages over RAID-3 and practically does not stop.
RAID-3. Like in case of RAID-2, the data are divided by stripes into one sector, and one of the disk drives is entered into the array to collect information about parity:
RAID-3 relies on ECC codes, which are saved from the skin sector pardons. At the same time, one of the disk drives has information that was saved on the new one, it is possible to turn off the ABO (XOR) for the information on the disk drives that are missing for additional charges. The skin recording is sounded according to all disk drives and this type of array is good for working in add-ons with intensive exchange with a disk subsystem. Shards of the skin operation are carried out to all disks in the array, RAID-3 cannot simultaneously perform a sprinkling of operations. That's why RAID-3 is good for single-core single-tasking sharpening with long records. For work with short recordings, synchronization of the wrapping of disk drives is required, but the shards will also inevitably change the speed of the exchange. Zastosovuєtsya rarely, to that. program RAID-5 with more disk space. Implementation will require significant costs.
The minimum number of disk drives for the "RAID-3" array is 3 pcs.
RAID-4. RAID-4 is identical to RAID-3, except for the fact that stripe expansion is richer than one sector. And here the reading is performed from one drive (the disk drive, which takes information about pairing), so it can be done overnight for a number of reading operations. Tim is no less, the skin operation is responsible for the recording instead of a paired drive, it is not possible to record one hour at a time. This type of array has no significant advantages over an array of RAID-5 type.
RAID-5. This type of array is sometimes called "an array with pairing that wraps around." Danish array type successfully dominates RAID-4 short - impossibility of one-hour recording of a record operation. At the same array, like RAID-4, vikoristovuyutsya stripe great expansion, ale, on the view of RAID-4, information about parity is collected not on one drive, but on all drives according to:
Write operations are performed up to one drive with data on that other drive with pairing information. More information about parity for different stripes is collected on different disk drives and it is impossible to record one-hour records in quiet, lonely vipadkas, if either the stripe is with data, or the stripe itself knows about the parnist drive. The more disk drives in the array, the more likely it is to expand stripe information and parity.
The area of zastosuvannya: nadіyni masivi of the great obyagu. Implementation will require significant costs.
The minimum number of disk drives for the "RAID-5" array is 3 pcs.
RAID-1 or RAID-5?
RAID-5 vs. RAID-1 is more economical in terms of disk space, but for extra-worldliness, not a “copy” of information is saved, but a control number. As a result of RAID-5, it is possible to combine a number of disk drives, from which only one will be able to capture the overworld information.
But more high efficiency of the disk space is available for the lower speed of the exchange of information. Before the hour of writing information in RAID-5, it is necessary to update the information about parity. For whom it is necessary to signify, for the very same pairings have changed. The old information is read in order to keep it up-to-date. Let's keep the information multiplied by XOR with the new information. The result of this operation is a bit mask, in which skin bit = 1 it means that in the information about the parity of the specific position, you need to replace the value. Then the information about the partnership will be updated on the spot. Also, if the program can write information to the skin, RAID-5 performs two reads, two writes, and two XOR operations.
For those that are more efficient in disk space (replacement of copies of data, a parity block is saved) you have to pay: for the generation of that record of information about parity, there is an additional hour. This means that the write speed on RAID-5 is lower, the speed of write speed on RAID-5 is lower on RAID-1 3:5 or 1:3 . Through tse RAID-5 blindly create in the software version. It is also not possible to recommend it in quiet situations, if the speed of the record is of paramount importance.
What way to implement RAID - software or hardware?
Having read the descriptions of different RAID levels, you can remember that there is no doubt that there are specific options for hardware that are necessary for the implementation of RAID. Why is it possible to build visnovok, which is everything that is necessary for the implementation of RAID - connect the necessary number of disk drives to the controller, which is in the computer, and install special software on the computer. Tse is right, but we don’t know!In fact, the possibility of software implementation of RAID. The butt can be Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 Server OS, which can have software implementation of RAID-0, -1 and RAID-5 (Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 Workstation provides only RAID-0 and RAID-1). However, the solution is to look at it in a very simple way, which does not allow realizing the possibility of a RAID array. Make sure that the software implementation of RAID is all about placing information on disk drives, counting the control codes only. It affects the central processor, which, naturally, does not reduce the productivity and reliability of the system. For the same reasons, it’s practical to have daily service functions and all operations from replacing a failed drive, adding a new drive, changing a RAID level, then it is carried out with a new payment of data and with a new fence, any other operations. The only advantage of the software implementation of RAID is the minimum variability.
- the controller specializes in controlling the central processor in the main operations of RAID, moreover, the efficiency of the controller is more significant, more equal to the RAID foldability;The short hardware implementation of RAID is quite high in the variability of RAID controllers. However, from one side, you have to pay for everything (addition, delivery code, service). In the other side, the rest of the hour, with the development of microprocessor technology, the number of RAID controllers (especially younger models) began to drop sharply and became comparable to the number of outstanding disk controllers, which allows you to install RAID systems not only on the road, but also on mainframes. cob row and wind it at the working station.
- controllers, as a rule, have drivers that allow you to create RAID, practically for any popular OS;
- enabling the BIOS of the controller and the management software, which are added to it, allow the system administrator to easily switch on, turn on or change the disk drives to enter the RAID, create a copy of the RAID arrays, moreover, create different levels, control the disk array, etc. With "slipped" controllers, these operations can be performed "on the fly", that is. not vimicating the system unit. A lot of operations can be found in the "background mode", then. without interrupting the flow of the robot and navit remotely, tobto. from any (depending on availability of access) working place;
- controllers can be equipped with a buffer memory ("cache"), in which the remaining blocks of data are stored, which, with frequent downloading to the files themselves, allows you to significantly increase the firmware of the disk system.
How to choose a RAID controller model?
You can see a few types of RAID controllers depending on their functional capabilities, design and variability:1. Drive controller with RAID functions.
In essence, the ultimate disk controller, which is a kind of special BIOS firmware, allows you to connect disk drives to a RAID array, usually equal to 0, 1 or 0 + 1.
Ultra (Ultra Wide) SCSI controller from Mylex KT930RF (KT950RF).
The name of this controller is nothing like the original SCSI controller. All "specialization" is in the BIOS, which is divided into two parts - "SCSI configuration" / "RAID configuration". Regardless of the low price (less than $200), this controller may have a set of functions:
- combining up to 8 disk drives in RAID 0, 1 or 0+1;
- Pidtrimka hot spare to replace "on the fly" the drive, which is good;
- Possibility of automatic (without operator involvement) replacement of a faulty drive;
- automatic control of integrity and identity (for RAID-1) data;
- revealing a password to access the BIOS;
- program RAIDPlus, which provides information about the camp of disk drives in RAID;
- drivers for DOS, Windows 95, NT 3.5x, 4.0
Registration of a request
Description of RAID arrays ( , )
Description RAID 0
Disk array increased productivity without drive capacity
Striped Disk Array without Fault Tolerance
The RAID 0 array is the most productive and the least hijacked of all RAIDs. Data is divided into blocks in proportion to the number of disks, which leads to a higher throughput. The high productivity of this structure is ensured by the parallel recording and day-to-day transcendental copying. Vіdmova whether there is a disk in the array to produce before spending all the money. This thread is called striping.
Advantages:
- · Finding productivity for supplements that will require intensive processing of the input/removal of the data of the great obligation;
- Simplicity of implementation;
- · Low varity for one obyagu.
Noodles:
- · not an opinion decision;
- Vіdmova of one disk pulls the waste of all data array.
Description of RAID 1
Disk array from duplication or mirroring
Duplexing & Mirroring
RAID 1 - mirroring - mirroring two disks. The supremacy of the structure of this array ensures high stability to the vіdmovi. The array is reminiscent of high co-operation and low productivity.
Advantages:
- Simplicity of implementation;
- · Ease of copying the array at different views (copying);
- to reach the high level of swedkodiya for supplements with a great intensity of drinking.
Noodles:
- · High varity for single commitment - 100% overworld;
- low speed of transmission.
Description of RAID 2
Vіdmovostіyky disk array with vikoristannym Hemming code
Hamming Code ECC
RAID 2 - Hamming Code ECC pardon correction code. Cody allows you to correct single and reveal underlying faults.
Advantages:
- · Shvidka correction of pardons ("on the fly");
- an arch of the high speed of the transfer of data of great obsyagiv;
- · with the increase in the number of discs, invoices will change;
- Dosit simple implementation.
Noodles:
- High varity with small number of discs;
- Low filing rate (not suitable for transaction processing systems).
Description of RAID 3
Vіdmovostіy array with parallel transmission of data and pairing
Parallel Transfer Disks with Parity
RAID 3 - data is taken from the principle of striping on equal bytes from the checksum (CS) on one of the disks. The array does not have the problem of superficiality like a RAID 2nd level. Disks with a checksum, which are vikorated in RAID 2, are necessary for the allocation of a pardon charge. However, most of the current controllers of the building are significant, if the disk is used for additional special signals or additional coding of information, recorded on the disk and vikoristovuvanoy for correcting vipadkovyh zboїv.
Advantages:
- · arc of high speed of transfer;
- the volume of the disk does not add much to the speed of the robotic array;
- · small bills of vitrati for the implementation of supermundaneity.
Noodles:
- Not easy implementation;
- Low productivity with a great intensity of drinking data of a small obligation.
Today we know more information about those that such a RAID array and the role of this array play in life of hard disks, so-and-so, in them.
The hard disks themselves play an important role in the computer, and for their help we launch the system and save a lot of information on them.
To pass an hour and be a zhorstky disk, you can be strong, you can be, you can’t talk about how we are today.
I'm guessing that someone else feels so called raid arrays, yakі allow not only to speed up the work of hard disks, but in different ways, vryatuvati important data in the form of knowledge, maybe forever.
Also, given arrays may be ordinal numbers, by which they are reviewed. Leather vikonuє different functions. For example, є RAID 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and so on. The axis about qi themselves arrays of today and saysmeme, and then I will write an article, how to score deacons from them.
What is a RAID array?
RAID- the same technology, which allows you to combine a sprinkling of outbuildings, and even more hard disks, our mind is going to have a glimpse of their connections. In this rank, we suggest the hope of saving data and the security of reading / writing. It is possible to have one of these functions.
So, if you want to either speed up the disk, or just ensure that the information is stored only for you. More precisely, to deposit according to the choice of the required configuration “Raid”, tsі configuration and designated by serial numbers 1, 2, 3 ...
Reidy is already a cardinal function, and I її recommend wicking to everyone. For example, like vikoristovuvati 0-woo Configuration, then you can see the increase in the speed of a hard disk, nevertheless, a hard disk, which may be the smallest attachment.
If you ask a question, then here, I think, everything is clear. with skin rock the daedals melt, they acquire a higher frequency, a greater number of nuclei, and a richer others. Te same s i . And the zhorstkі disks grow for the time being only obsyagom, and the speed of the turnover was 7200, and it was lost. Zvichayno є y rd kіsnі models. The situation is still called so, as if to speed up the system at the time of development.
Let's say you came to indulge RAID 1, in your opinion, you take away the high guarantee of protection of your data, the stinks of stench will be duplicated on another attachment (disk) and, like one hard drive, all information will be left on another.
Like bachite from butts, raids are more important and corny, it is necessary to win them.
Also, a RAID array is physically connected to two hard disks connected to the system board, three or two are possible. Before speech, tezh may p_dtremuvati creation of RAID-arrays. The connection of hard disks is carried out according to the standard, and the creation of raids is carried out on the software level.
If we created a raid programmatically, nothing changed in the eye, you’ll fix it in the BIOS more, and everything else was like that, so you’ll get lost, then, having looked into My computer, you’ll check your connected disks.
To create an array, it is necessary not so rich: a motherboard with a RAID support, two identical hard disks ( tse importantly). The stench is to blame, but not only in volume, but also in terms of cash, interface, etc. Now turn on the computer and there you can see the parameter SATA Configuration and put on RAID. After restarting the computer, it may appear in the window, in which we receive information about disks and raids. There mi may squeeze CTRL+I, in order to improve the raid, to add or see the new discs. Let's get better soon її nalashtuvannya.
How many of these raids? Їх kіlka, but itself RAID 1, RAID 2, RAID 3, RAID 4, RAID 5, RAID 6. I will report only about two of them.
- RAID 0– allows you to create a disk array in order to increase read/write speed.
- RAID 1– allows you to create a mirror disk array and protect data.
RAID 0, what is it?
array RAID 0, which is also called "Striping" vikoristovu є 2 to 4 hard discs, rarely more. Pratsyyuchi at once, stench boost productivity. In this order, the tributes for such an array are divided into blocks of data, and then they are recorded in a row on a sprat of disks.
Productivity is promoted through those that write one block of data to one disk, to the next disk, the next block, etc. I think that 4 disks are more productive, lower two. If you talk about safety, then she is suffering in the whole massif. If one of the discs goes wrong, then all the information will perish irrevocably.
On the right, in the fact that in the RAID 0 array, information is distributed on all disks, so that the file is sorted on disks. That is why, when one disc breaks the tune, the loss and a lot of data, renewal when it is impossible.
From whom you sing, you need to work fast on your nose.
RAID 1, what is it?
array RAID 1, yoga is also called Mirroring- lusterko. As we are talking about a small amount, then in RAID 1 you have one of the hard disks that is “inaccessible” to you, so you need to win for duplicating the first disk. RAID 0 has more space available.
Z perevag, like you, singly, already guessed, yelling, that the array is given to the high place of the data, so that, if you see one disk, all the data will be left on another. Vihіd z fret odrazu dvh diskіv maloymovіrniy. Such an array is often wicked on servers, but it doesn't matter to hack on great computers.
If you have chosen RAID 1, know that productivity is low, but if it is important to you, then beat these data.
RAID 2-6, what is it?
At once I will briefly describe the layout of the arrays, so bimovie, for a wild development, and all that stench is not so popular, like the first two.
RAID 2- Useful for arrays, like hacking the Hamming code (do not ask what the code is). The principle of operation is approximately the same as that of RAID 0, so that information is also divided into blocks and written by letter to disks. Other discs are victorious for saving codes for correcting pardons, for the help of which, at the time of the release of one of the discs, you can give tribute.
Truthfully, for this array, it’s better to win 4 discs, which are to be harvested in a vitrified way, that’s how it was, with victorious steel discs, the increase in productivity is to harvest spirny.
RAID 3, 4, 5, 6– I don’t write about this massif here, oskelki, the necessary information is already on Wikipedia, if you want to know about this massif, then read it.
Which RAID array to choose?
For example, if you often install different programs, games, and copy a lot of music or movies, then you are recommended to win RAID 0. When choosing hard disks, be careful, they should be blamed even more so as not to waste information. Obov'yazkovo vykonite backup copies of data.
Is the information important, how can I be safe and sound? Then RAID 1 comes to the rescue. When choosing hard disks, their characteristics are identical.
Visnovok
Axis mi and rozіbrali for someone new, and for someone old information shkodo RAID-arrays. I am sure that the information for you will appear to be correct. Nezabar I write about those, how to create masses.
If you want to increase the size of your own operating system, then our article is for you!
Let's not push your computer, the new file has one weak link, the hard disk, the only attachment to the system block, which can be in the middle of the mechanics. All the pressure of your processor and 16 GB of RAM will be built on the old principle of a robotic HDD. It’s not for nothing that the computer is broken from a plate, but a hard disk from a neck. There were no skils in the dance;
There are two ways to speed up the computer's work, the first one is to buy an expensive solid-state storage SSD, and the other one is to maximize the capacity of your motherboard, and itself, build a RAID 0 array from two hard disks. Before the speech, who we want to create RAID 0 array of two SSDs!
How to fix a RAID 0 array and install it on a new Windows 10. Otherwise, how to increase the firmware of the hard drive system
As you guessed, today's article about the creation of that disk array setup RAID 0 what's going on from two hard disks. Thinking about it, I specially added two new SATA III hard drives (6 Gb/s) of 250 GB each, and through the foldability of those for koristuvachiv-pochatkіvtsіv had a chance to її todі vіdklasti. Today, if the capabilities of today's motherboards have reached such a level of functionality that a RAID 0 array can create a bud, I turn to them with great satisfaction.
Note: To create a RAID 0 array, you can take disks of any size, for example, 1 TB each. From the article, for a simple butt, two disks of 250 GB each were taken, shards of other disks of a larger volume were not handy.
It is important for all computer enthusiasts to know that RAID 0 ("striping" or "striping") is a disk array of two or more hard disks due to the presence of overworld. You can translate this phrase into native Russian as follows: when two or more hard disks are installed in the system unit (one volume and one disk drive) and they are combined with a RAID 0 disk array, information on these disks is written / read one hour, so increase the productivity of disk operations. One umova - your motherboard can support RAID 0 technology (in our time, almost all motherboards support the creation of raid arrays).
A respected reader can ask: And what is the essence of supermundane?
Vidpovid. Data virtualization technology RAID is broken down into the first line for data security and is repaired, which secures data storage (data recording is carried out on two hard disks in parallel and if one hard drive fails, all information is stored in another HDD). So the axis, RAID 0 technology does not write data in parallel to two hard disks, RAID 0 breaks down when writing information to data blocks and writes it to a hard drive in one hour, for a day, the productivity of disk operations will increase twice, For some hard drive, all information on another HDD will be ruined.
Axis to this, the creators of RAID virtualization technology - Randy Katz and David Patterson, did not take into account RAID 0 for any reason RAID and called it "0", shards of wine are not safe through the day of overworldness.
Friends, but wait, hard disks break not every day, but in a different way, with two HDDs combined in a RAID 0 array, you can treat it like a simple hard disk, so that you periodically work the operating system, then you will insure 100% possible problems for yourself.
Also, before creating a RAID 0 array, install one of our two new hard disksSATA III (6 Gb / s) for the system unit and convert it to speed read write utilitiesCrystalDiskMark and ATTO Disk Benchmark. Already after creationRAID 0 array and installation on a new Windows 10 is once again checkedspeed of reading and writing with utilities and wondering if the technology has been given to increase the speed of the code of our operating system.
For the experiment, we will take a far from new ASUS P8Z77-V PRO motherboard based on the Intel Z77 Express chipset. The advantages of motherboards based on Intel Z77, Z87 chipsets and the new H87, B87 rely on the advanced Intel Rapid Storage Technology (RST), which is specially developed for RAID 0-arrays built from SSDs.
SATA III WDC WD2500AAKX 250 GB HDD to Hijack Port on the motherboard, the computer is turned on. Our programs.
Looking ahead, I’ll say that the results of the test are as large as possible for the best HDD with the most recent interface SATA III.
CrystalDiskMark
The oldest program for testing the productivity of hard disks. on my gloomy shovischi, send https://cloud.mail.ru/public/6kHF/edWWJwfxa
The program is to carry out a test of the subsequent reading/writing on the hard drive in blocks of 512 and 4 kb.
We select the necessary storage device, for example, our HDD with you under the letter C: and embossed All.
Sub-bag result. The maximum speed for recording information on a hard disk reached 104 Mb / s, the speed for reading - 125 Mb / s. 
ATTO Disk Benchmark
Sub-bag result. The maximum speed of recording information on a hard disk was reached 119
Mb / s, speed of reading - 121 Mb / s. 
Well, now our RAID 0 array is installed in the BIOS and it is installed on the new Windows 10 operating system.
Setting up a RAID 0 array
There are two identical SATA III hard disks in volume (250 GB) for our motherboard: WDC WD2500AAKX-00ERMA0 and WDC WD2500AAKX-001CA0.
On our motherboard there are 4 ports SATA III (6 Gb / s), vikoristovuvatimemo No. 5 and No. 6
Turn on the computer and enter the BIOS for additional pressing of the DEL key for an hour of interest.
Go to the Advanced tab, SATA Configuration option.
The SATA Mode Selection option is available in the RAID position
To save money, change F10 and select Yes. There is a re-advancement.
If you have connected the RAID technology to the BIOS, then with an attack on the monitor screen, the proposition to press the keyboard will appear ( CTRL-I) to enter the RAID configuration management panel.
Also, this week, we have connected to ports 4 and 5 our two WDC disks, which are not in a RAID array (Non-RAID Disk). Tisnemo CTRL-I і is included in the nalashtuvan panel.
At the top panel, we need the first tab Create a RAID Volume (Create a RAID volume), to get to it press Enter.
Here we are working on the basics of our future RAID 0 array.
Name : (Im a RAID array).
Press the key and enter the name.
Let's say "RAID 0 new" and tysnemo Enter. Scroll down for the help key Tab.
RAID Level: (RAID Level).
We create RAID 0 (stripe) - a disk array of two hard disks from the daytime overworld. Select this date with the arrows on the keyboard and press Enter.
Go down below for the help key Tab.
Strip Size:
We fill up like є.
Capacity: (limited)
Installed automatically. The volume of two of our hard drives is 500 GB, so we can achieve RAID 0 (stripe) and two hard disks as one. Tisnemo Enter.
There is nothing more to change and transfer to the rest of the item Create Volume and press Enter.
There is a warning:
WARNING: ALL DATA ON SELECTED DISKS WILL BE LOST.
Are you sure you want to create this volume? (Y/N):
ATTENTION: All data on selected disks will be used.
Are you sure what you want to do this pledge? (Y/N):
Tisnemo Y (So) on the keyboard.
RAID 0 array of creations and functioning, resetting with Normal status. To exit the panel, press the Esc key on the keyboard.
Are you sure you want to exit (You are wondering what you want to exit? Press Y (So).
Now, when the computer is on the skin, on the screen of the monitor for a few seconds, information about the camp of our RAID 0 array will appear, and press the keys (CTRL-I) to enter the RAID configuration configuration panel.
Installing Windows 10 on a RAID 0 array
Let's go to our system unit, restart the computer, enter the BIOS and change the priority of the flash drive. Or you can just go to the menu of the computer’s entry and select the entry from the Windows 10 installation flash drive (ours has a Kingston drive). In the Options menu, you can choose to create a RAID 0 array with the name "RAID 0 new".
Install.
Vibіrkova: Only Windows installation (for additional documents)
You can create a division in the same week or work after the installation of the operating system without difference.
Windows 10 installed on a RAID 0 array.
Go to Disk Management. Operating system Windows 10 250 GB each as a 500 GB hard drive.
Appliance Manager Our RAID 0 array is located on the disk attachments.
And now, most of all, we are testing the security of the robot and the RAID 0 array.
CrystalDiskMark
The maximum speed for recording information on a hard disk reached 186 Mb / s, the speed for reading - 248 Mb / s.
At the present state, we can create a RAID 0 with solid-state storage drives SSD and we can change the throughput of the current and most recent SATA 6 Gb / s interface.
RAID(Engl. redundant array of independent disks - superfluous array of independent hard disks)- an array of several disks, cured by the controller, mutually linked by the Swiss channels and accepted by the existing system as a single unit. Fallow in the type of vicarious array can be safe for different levels of water resistance and swedcode. Serve to improve the reliability of data saving and / or improve the security of reading / recording information. On the spot, similar arrays were like a reserve for carrying on operational (RAM) memory, as at that hour it was expensive. For the time being, the abbreviation of the nabula has a different meaning - an array already from independent disks, looming on the verge of vikoristannya of many disks, and not splitting one disk, and also the road (now it’s already visible just a few disks) possessing, necessary for the awakening of the array itself.
Let's take a look at how RAID arrays are built. On the back of the eye, we look at each other, as if they were presented by the Berkeley scientists, then their combinations and non-primary modes. As soon as discs of a different size are selected (which is not recommended), then practice the stench of the least. Zayviy obsyag great discs will be inaccessible.
RAID 0
Є an array, de data are divided into blocks (the block size can be set at the time of the array creation) and then the disks are recorded. The simplest type has two disks, one block is written to the first disk, the second one to the other, then I rewrite to the first one and so on. Also, this mode is called "charging", shards for an hour of recording blocks of data are drawn on disks, on which a recording is made. Apparently, the blocks are also read in black. In such a rank, it is necessary to parallelize the operation of the introduction / withdrawal, which will lead to greater productivity. While earlier we could build one block in one hour, now we can build a whole block of disks. The main advantage of this regime is the high speed of data transmission.
However, miracles do not happen, but if they happen, then not often. However, productivity increases not by N times (N is the number of disks), but less. Nasampered, zbіlshuєtsya in N times an hour access to the disk, and so high schodo іnshih subsystems of the computer. The brightness of the controller is not less pronounced. Even though the fault is not the best, the speed can be slightly damaged by ice in the speed of one disc. That chimalo pours in the interface, like a RAID controller connecting with another system. All the same, we can bring not only to a smaller, lower N zbіlshennya speed of line reading, but up to a mezhіlkostі diskіv, the installation of more for any increase will no longer be given. Abo, navpaki, trochs lower swidkіst. In real zavdannyah, with a great number of drinks, the chance of getting stuck with this phenomenon is minimal, more speed already vpiraetsya in the hard drive itself and yoga ability.
As you can see, in this regime there is nothing like that. Vykoristovuetsya the entire disk space. However, if one of the disks goes out of order, then, obviously, all the information is wasted.
RAID 1. Mirroring (Mirror)
The essence of the RAID mode is to create a copy (mirror) of the disk with a method of increasing the stability to the drive. If one disk goes out of tune, then the robot does not stick, but continues, but even with one disk. For which regime, a couple of disks are needed. The idea of this method is close to a backup copy, but everything is “on the fly”, so it’s the same after a crash (which is important for an hour) and there is no need to spend an hour on the spot.
The minuses are a high supermundane, which needs two more discs to create such an array. Another minus is that there is a daily increase in productivity - even a copy of the first data is simply written to another disk.
RAID 2 An array with a variety of milkovo-resistant Hemming codes.
This code allows you to correct and display subvinced pardons. Actively victorious at the memory of the correction of pardons (ECC). In this mode, the disks are divided into two groups - one part is split for data storage and is processed similarly to RAID 0, splitting data blocks on different disks; the other part is victorious for picking up ECC codes.
On the plus side, you can see the correction of pardons "on the fly", the high speed of streaming data.
The main minus is the high altitude (with a small number of disks, it may not be subverted, n-1). With an increase in the number of disks in the pet, the number of disks in saving ECC codes becomes smaller (the number of disks in the pet decreases). Another minus is the low speed of work with other files. Due to the bulkiness and high altitude with a small number of disks, the given level of RAID for the given hour is not victorious, having given positions to the greater equals.
RAID 3
This mode writes these blocks on different disks, like RAID 0, but there is one more disk for pairing. In this way, the overworld is much lower, lower in RAID 2 and there is less than one disk. In times of failure of one disk, the speed practically does not change.
Of the main minuses, you need to consider a low speed for an hour of work with other files and without any requests. This is due to the fact that all control codes are stored on one disk and during input / output operations they need to be rewritten. The speed of this disk is between the speed of the robot and the entire array. Bіti pairs are written less than an hour before writing data. And under the hour of reading - the stench is pereviryayutsya. At zv'yazku z tsim posterіgaєtsya imbalance in the speed of reading / writing. Single reading of small files is also characterized by low speed, which makes parallel access from independent disks impossible, if different disks are downloaded in parallel.
RAID 4
Data are recorded in blocks of different discs, one disc is beaten to save battles in pairs. The difference in RAID 3 is that blocks are divided not by bits and bytes, but by sectors. The advantages are at the highest speed of transmission for an hour of work with great files. It is also a high level of work with a great number of drinks for reading. From the shortcomings, you can tell what happened in RAID 3 - an imbalance in the speed of read / write operations and brains, which makes it easier to parallel access to data.
RAID 5
The method is similar to the previous one, but for battles of parity, it is not an okremium disk that is seen, but the information is spread between the disks. So, if disk N is defeated, then there will be an available N-1 disk. Obsyag one bude vidіleno pіd bіti parnostі, yak і RAID 3.4. Ale, stinks are saved not on an okremu disk, but on separate ones. On the skin disc, є (N-1)/N volume of information and 1/N volume are filled with parity bits. If one disk goes out of tune in the array, the wines are left with practical data (the data that were saved on a new one are calculated on the basis of parity and data of other disks “on the fly”). Tobto, zbіy pass prozoro for koristuvach and navit z mіnіmіmіmіm іnіmіmіm prodіnnyam prodіvіtії (deposit vіd obsluvalі vіdnostі RAID controller). For the most part, it is important to note the high speed of reading and recording data, both with great commitments, and for the great number of drinks. Nedoliki - folded data and lower, lower in RAID 4 reading speed.
RAID 6
All vіdminnіst zvoditsya to the fact that two pairing schemes are victorious. Standing system up to two discs. The main folding is those for which it is necessary to work more operations when recording. Through tse shvidkіst record є supersonic low.
Combined (nested) equal RAID.
The shards of the RAID array are clear for the OS, the time has come for the creation of arrays, the elements of which are disks, and the arrays of other equals. Zzvichi stink written through the plus. The first figure means those, the array of which equals enter as elements, and the other figure means those, as the organization may have the upper equal, which unites the elements.
RAID 0+1
The combination, like a RAID 1 array, is chosen on the basis of RAID 0 arrays. Like in a RAID 1 array, only half of the volume of disks will be available. Ale, like in RAID 0, the speed will be higher, lower with one disk. For the implementation of such a solution, at least 4 disks are required.
RAID 1+0
Likewise, it is like RAID 10. I mirrored with a stripe, that is, with a RAID 0 array, we encourage RAID 1 arrays. Practically similar to the previous solution.
RAID 0+3
An array of seen parnistyu over cherguvannyam. In an array of the 3rd level, in which data blocks are divided and written on a RAID 0 array. The supremacy of this mind is lower, lower in the offensive variant.
RAID 3+0
It is also possible, like RAID 30. With a stripe (RAID 0 array) with RAID 3 arrays. Data are randomly divided into blocks (like RAID 0) and spent on array-elements. There, the stench is again divided into blocks, their parity is introduced, the blocks are written as soon as all the disks are crim one, which is written as parity. In this case, one of the skin array disks can enter into the RAID 3 warehouse.
RAID 5+0 (50)
Creates a way to merge RAID 5 arrays into a RAID 0 array. May have an average speed of renewal and a good resistance to wear. Combination RAID 0 + 5 is also known, but more theoretically, which gives even less advantages.
RAID 5+1 (51)
Poednannya dzerkalyuvannya that cherguvannya z rozpodіlenoyu parnistyu. Also variant is RAID 15 (1+5). May be too high vіdmovostіykіst. An array of 1+5 building works with three disks, and 5+1 - five of eight disks.
RAID 6+0 (60)
Cherguvannya with an underwire rozpodіlenoy parnistyu. In other words, stripe from RAID 6. As already mentioned, RAID 0+5, RAID 6 without stripe width (0+6). Podіbnі priyomi (stripe іz arrayіv z parnіstyu) allow you to move the swidkіst robo array. Another pervagoy is those who can easily move forward in such a way, without complicating the situation with obstructions, necessary for the calculation of that record of a greater number of battles of parity.
RAID 100 (10+0)
RAID 100, which is also spelled as RAID 10+0, is a stripe for RAID 10. For its own sake, the array is similar to the larger RAID 10 array, but there are two more disks. However, such a “trip-over” structure may have its own explanation. In most cases, RAID 10 is roamed by the hardware, then by the controller, and the stripe from them is robbed by software. They go to such cunning in order to get rid of problems, about as it was on the cob of statistics - controllers can calculate their own scale for scaling and even build in one controller a fixed number of disks, you can not increase the growth for such brains. Software RAID 0 allows you to create something on the basis of two controllers, skins and trims on board RAID 10. So, we are unique in the individual controller. Another critical point is to bypass the problem with the maximum number of roses on one controller - by subsuming the number, we subtract the number of available roses.
Non-standard RAID modes
Podvіyna parnіst
Let's expand the additions to the redevelopment of the RAID equals sub-parity, sometimes it is implemented and that is called diagonal parity. Parentity is already enabled for RAID 6. But, on top of that, parity is respected over other blocks of data. Recently, the RAID 6 specification was expanded, so the diagonal parity can be included in RAID 6. For RAID 6, parity is important as the result of adding modulo 2 bits, which goes in a row (that is, the sum of the first bit on the first disk, the first bit on another one).) , then in the diagonal parity, there is a displacement. It is not recommended to work in the disk failure mode (due to the calculation of the costs of battles from the checksums).
Є rozrobokoyu NetApp RAID array z podvіynoyu parnіstyu і podpadє pіd nіd vnаnіnіnya RAID 6. Vikoristovuє vіdmіnnu vіd klаsichії RAID 6 іdіnіlії scheme data recording. The recording is backed up to the NVRAM cache, with an uninterrupted life, to save data loss when the electricity is turned on. Software security of the controller, it is possible, write less whole blocks on disks. Such a scheme gives more protection, lower RAID 1 and may have more security, lower RAID 6.
RAID 1.5
Having been requested by the Highpoint company, the prote now zastosovuetsya even more often in RAID 1 controllers without the usual sightings of this particularity. The bottom line is down to simple optimization - data is written like on a standard RAID 1 array (lower 1.5 in fact є), and data is read from two disks (like RAID 0). In a specific Highpoint implementation, which was installed on DFI boards of the LanParty series on the nForce 2 chipset, the growth rate is smaller, but the hour is zero. It was connected, perhaps, with the low speed of the controllers of this virobnik at that hour.
Combines RAID 0 and RAID 1. Creates at least three disks. Data are written from the charts on three discs, and a copy is written on the 1st disc. As one block is written on three disks, a copy of the first part is written on another disk, the other part is written on the third disk. When varying the pair number of disks, it is better to use RAID 10.
Sound when RAID 5 wakes up, one disk is spared (spare), so that at times of failure, the system immediately starts to rebuild (rebuild) the array. With a normal robot, this disk runs idle. The RAID 5E system can be used as a member of the array. Obsyag tsgogo vіlnogo disk rozpodіlyaєєєєєєєєєєєєє throughout the whole array and znahoditsya in kіntsі diskіv. The minimum number of discs is 4 pieces. Accessible obsag dorivnyuє n-2, obsjag one disk vikoristovuєtsya (being rozpodіleny mizh usima) for pairing, obsjag one more - vіlniy. When a disc is out of operation, the array is compressed to three discs (with the minimum number of butt) filling the free space. Enter a standard RAID 5 array, stable up to one drive. When a new disk is connected, the array expands and borrows all the disks again. Please note that the disk is not stable until another disk comes out. Also the VIN is unreadable/writable for this hour. The main advantage is the great speed of work, the shards of drawing are found on a larger number of discs. Minus - that it is not possible to recognize the whole disk in a number of arrays, which is possible with a simple RAID 5 array.
RAID 5EE
It is clear from the front, that the areas of the free space on the disks are not reserved by one piece, like a disk, but are drawn in blocks with pairs of pairs. Such a technology will significantly speed up the recovery after a system failure. Blocks can be written to a free space, without the need to move across the disk.
Similar to RAID 5E, a vicorous additional disk for increasing the speed of work and raising awareness. Vilne space is divided between other disks and is found in the disk world.
This technology is a registered trademark of Storage Computer Corporation. The array, which is based on RAID 3, 4, is optimized to improve productivity. The main priority is to overcome the cache of read/write operations. Requests for data transfers are made asynchronously. When prompted, SCSI disks are broken. The speed is higher for the RAID 3.4 solution by approximately 1.5-6 times.
Intel Matrix RAID
With technology introduced by Intel at the bridges, starting with ICH6R. The bottom line is to be able to combine RAID arrays of different equals on partitions of disks, but not on other disks. Let's say that on two disks you can organize two partitions, two of them can be saved on your own operating system on a RAID 0 array, and the other two - working in RAID 1 mode - save copies of documents.
Linux MD RAID 10
This is the Linux kernel RAID driver, which makes it possible to create a larger version of RAID 10. For example, for RAID 10, it was necessary to exchange a paired number of disks, this driver can also be used with an unpaired one. The principle for three disks will be the same as for RAID 1E, if you need to map disks according to the number of blocks for copying copies and map blocks, like for RAID 0. For four disks it will be equivalent to RAID 10. save a copy of the disc. Let's say the original will be on the first half of the first disk, and the second copy will be on the other half of the other. With the other half of the danich - navpak. Data can be duplicated once. Saving copies on different parts of the disk allows greater accessibility to the accessibility of the density of the hard disk (the speed of access changes in the future as the data is printed on the plate, and the difference becomes two).
Broken down by Kaleidescape for retrieval from their media devices. Similar to RAID 4 with different pairings, and a different method of resistance to penetration. Koristuvach can easily expand the array, just adding disks, moreover, at times, as if to avenge the data, the data will simply be added to the new office, as it is necessary to sound.
Distribution of the company Sun. The biggest problem of RAID 5 is the loss of information during the life cycle, if the information from the disk cache (which is a low-energy memory, so that data is not saved without electricity), did not get stored on the magnetic plates. Such disparity of information in the cache and on the disk is called incoherence. The very organization of the array is tied to the Sun Solaris file system - ZFS. The primus record is used instead of the cache memory of the disks, you can not only copy the entire disk, but also the block “on the fly”, if the control amount is not lost. Another important aspect is the ideology of ZFS - it won't change the data as needed. Natomiste won’t write the updated data and then, having changed, the operation went already far away, changing the order on them. In such a rank, it was far away to run away and spend data during modification. Other files are duplicated by the change of checksums. Tsezh to work with the forces of the file system, if you don't know the structure of the data (RAID array) and you can see the space of the file system. I also use RAID-Z2, like, similarly to RAID 6, it is possible to display two disks for additional selection of two checksums.
Those that do not have a RAID principle, but often win at once. Literally translated as "just a bunch of disks" The technology combines all disks installed in the system into one great logical disk. To replace three disks one great one will be seen. Vykoristovuєtsya all obsyag diskіv. There is no need for any hopefulness, no productivity.
Drive Extender
The function is embedded in Window Home Server. Go to JBOD and RAID 1. If you need to make a copy, you won't duplicate the file, but put NTFS on the label, which you specify on the data. With a simple system, copy the file in such a way that the space on the disks is maximum (disks of various sizes can be copied). Allows you to access a lot of RAID options - stability and ability to simply replace the disk, which is in order, and in the background mode, the transparency of the file location (independently, on which disk the wines are found). It is also possible to carry out parallel access from different disks for additional visualization marks, which will increase productivity up to RAID 0.
Broken down by Lime technology LLC. This scheme is adapted to different RAID arrays, which allows you to mix SATA and PATA disks in one array and disks of different sizes and security. For the control sum (pairing), a vision disk is used. Data is not blacked out between discs. At different times one disk, only files are ruined, which are saved on a new one. However, for the help of pairing, the stench can be renewed. UNRAID is implemented as an extension to Linux MD (multidisk).
Most of the types of RAID arrays are not widened, some of them are widened in narrow areas of the block. RAID 0, 1, 0+1/10, 5 and 6 became the most popular, from simple coristuvachiv to cob servers. Now you know why they are one and the same.