The ecological situation that has developed until this hour on the planet calls for serious anxiety in the whole world. Intensive urbanization, the growth of industrial production, energy, motor transport, chemicals, the production of brown copalins, the virubuvanya of lisiv have changed the processes that have accumulated for hundreds of years in nature. That is why before the people there was a task of how to develop terminology approaches, directing them to the detriment of the ecological crisis for the protection of nature.
However, the protection of the necessary middle ground is up to the problems that the interests of all people are interfering with. Have 1980 r. The International Union for the Protection of the Natural Environment and Natural Resources has developed a strategy for the protection of the important environment. Її meta - conservation of natural resources. The complexity of the rozv'yazannya tsgogo zavdannya at tsyomu, that the rhubarb of the middle ground near the places often outweighs the possibility of self-purification of natural systems. We should be aware of the atmospheric wind. The hygienic criterion for the brightness of the increase is the change in the warehouse, the presence of a lot of fluctuating speeches in unacceptable concentrations. So, an increase in the amount of CO 2 from 0.03 to 0.1% will make people's breath worse, and instead of 0.4% of CO 2 in the population, it will be fatal for people. In addition, CO 2 in the atmosphere creates a "greenhouse effect".
It seems that the improvement of the gas balance after (78% nitrogen and 21% acid) is the most significant for the living earth. May be aware of the fact that the camp of the atmosphere is negatively squandered for fermentation needs, and the trade is widely vicorous kisen, nitrogen and other gases. So, for one transatlantic flight, a jet liner burns 35 tons of oil, and a passenger car for 1 ... 1.5 thousand. km. I’m trying to keep up the norm of sour one person per river. Poloty of jet aircraft quickly store ozone, which spreads more about "ozone wilds" in the ozone ball, which protects the earth from cosmic vibrations. In the future, it is necessary to have technogenic heat from enterprises, which raises the temperature around the places by a few degrees. Toxic speeches and particles of garoo settle over the great crafty places of the blasted gloom - a snake, which is devastating for especially unfriendly minds. So, in 1952 p. in a couple of days in London, in the midst of the foggy fogs, stifled with smog, nearly 4 yew perished. chol. Zmіg ushkodzhuє monuments, budinki, roslini.
The camp of the middle increases the sound of noise (noise), shkіdlі vіpromіnyuvannya, vibracii. All these are traces of human activity, and the need for the purposeful regulation of anthropogenic impacts on dovkill for the support of legal norms was blamed for this. From the place to bring shkіdlіvі in tsomu vіdshnenіnі pіdpriєmstva, on scho buduyutsya cleansing, sawing spores.
To assess the atmospheric impact, the maximum allowable concentrations (HDC) of fermenting substances in the atmosphere (saw, ash, mercury, mish'yaku, lead, phenol, chlorine and other) were installed. The transfer of the GDK is blamed for the activities of enterprises and vehicles. GDK is the only one for all the territory of the country, the Crimean districts with a suvorish regime. For this reason, vikidi zabrudnyuvachiv are normalized by the decree of the Ministers of the USSR of 12/16/1981 “On the standards of marginally admissible vikidivi zarudnyuyuchih speeches into the atmosphere and shkidlivih physical influxes on it.” The control over the pretreatments could be praised, the victorious basin of the city and the industrial centers, the introduction of cleansing spores, the pretreatment of the State Duma, the State Inspectorate for the Protection of Atmospheric Air, hydrometeorology and the control of the natural environment.
In Moscow, the camp of the middle ground (atmospheric wind, noise, electromagnetic vibrations, vibrations) is an environmental sanitary and epidemiological service. Won over the control plan okremі ob'єkti, motorways. Dozens of thousands of analyzes of the atmospheric weather are widely carried out, for which mobile stationary stations are available in all districts of the city. On the basis of these services, health visits are carried out: the transfer of vehicles to gas and diesel fuel, bus lines are replaced by trolleybuses. Cі come in, madly, to improve the ecological camp of the city's middle. However, for a global solution to the problem of protecting the important environment in our country, a concentration of knowledge of the entire people is needed.
Changing the quality of dovkilly is the threat of the biosphere to its self-cleaning function, the creation of rethinks, the disruption of the harmonious link between the living organism and the middle of life. The main feature of the ecosystems of modern settlements are those that have destroyed their ecological zeal. All the processes of regulating the flow of speeches and the energy of people must be taken to heart.
At the beginning of the last century in Russia, a code of "ordering the dovkіllya" was adopted. The authorities, together with the architects, saw a handful of decrees that regulate the life of industrial enterprises near the houses, or sadib, as they said. Such laws were stubbornly compensating for all the changes in the Russian planning and architecture. Before the speech, Peter I began to form the mistobudivny code. Everything was included in the planning of dovkіll: de mayut buti living houses, de churches, public mortgages, factories. Planners, architects succumbed to the great word - well-being.
In this hour of prosperity of the settlements, it was given to the hands of the mіstsevoi and municipal authorities, which at times have no money, no infusion.
Promislovu zone of the working village Ylan-Kolenovskiy is one of the largest chicken factories in Russia, which naturally contributes to the ecology of the village.
That ecological culture of the population is lacking. To the very same place, that village is littered with smіtty. Surely, like in any other settlement, in the village there is a problem of butt smittya. You can name a number of reasons for the increase in the amount of money:
Growing production of goods of mass settlement;
increased quantity of packaging;
The advancement of equal life, which allows the appendages for victorious speech to be replaced by new ones.
The wild call of the butt smittya wanders into the natural environment, creating an epidemiological and toxic problem. The stinks do not only promote the landscape, but become a threat to the health of the people.
Through the territory of the village, a car and a railroad pass. All kinds of modern transport are in charge of the great shkodi of the biosphere, and the most unsafe for her auto transport. To build a passenger car to burn 1 kg of gasoline requires 2.5 kg of acid. In the average car passing on the river 10 yew. km and burn 10 tons of gasoline, stained with 35 tons of acid, and emit 160 tons of exhaust gases into the atmosphere, in which about 200 different speeches were detected, including 100 kg of carbon oxide, 40 kg of oxides, 200 kg of carbohydrates. For example, methylated gasoline, then 3.5 kg of lead. In addition, a leather car, washing tires, supply 5-8 kg of humic saw to the atmosphere. The exhaust gases of automobiles give the main mass of lead and cadmium, when the tires wear out, they consume zinc. Qi is important metal and toxic. Summer people and children are sensitive to low doses of such speeches. The “contribute” of automobile transport in the atmosphere becomes almost 30% today. Motor transport is on the verge of influx on the green plantings. In coniferous trees that grow near the roads, dark necrosis of the upper needles is characteristic. In pines, the diameter of the stovbur changes, the crown changes, the needles become thinner and look dry. The blame for this is: ethylene, which can lead to chlorosis and deformation of the needles, oxide of sulfur and nitrogen, which can lead to necrosis of the needles.
The village of Ylan-Kolenovske with its mustache sides is honed with silgospogiddy, as if growing, I will plant a lot of otrutochemicals, mineral fertilizers. Wrong, masovane vikoristannya in agronomy of chemical speeches can lead to irrevocable legacy.
One of the most important environmental factors that determines the vitality of soil organisms and living growths, as well as the fragility of the soils (wet metal) is the acidity of the soil. At high acidity, the growth and development of rich roslin are taken into account, the life of rich organisms is taken into account. And here it is necessary to work the soil.
Three nights in the middle of the day, the territory of our village is crossed by one of the most beautiful rivers of the Voronez region - the Yelan river. Won hiba sho oginaє settlement kolіnom, zvіdsi і the name of the settlement - Єlan-Kolenovskiy. The river in its old history also suffered in the form of activity.
Characteristics of the region
The roboche settlement of Yelan-Kolenovskoye is roztashovane at the gathering place of the Voronezka region. Vіn buv pobudovaniya like the settlement of tsukrovikіv. The territory of this settlement is subdivided into microdistricts.
The center, in which the roztashovanі vіrobnіchі and adminіstrіvіnі budіvlі tsukrovі plant, poliіnіnіka, likarnyа, djachiy garden, vocational school №23, adminіstrаtsіya selishcha, poshtove vіddіlennya zv'yazku, merezha pharmacies, a number of retail outlets, houses of culture Krystal.
The first settlement - a series of streets on the pivdenniy entrance to the center.
Another settlement begins in Svoboda Street, our Ylan-Kolenivska school No. 2 is de-rozted and stretches to Studenivka.
Studenivka, like this, lies up to the territory of the village of Ylan-Koleno, which is located on the skhіd vіd tsukrovy zavod, but oskolki mіstsevі residents work at the tsukrovy zavodі, and their children study at school No. 2, then we also included this district.
The third settlement is located behind the line of the bay and also represents a sprat street.
The quarter of the settlement in the Kremlin overlooking the territory of the river Ylan on the west side, it is between the Talovsky district and is located on the high ground.
Microdistrict Krasnotal roztashovaniya mizh first and other villages. There are a few sprats of richly-surfaced budins here, until the 90s, young sims were settled.
Titov Street crosses two great settlements: the village of Yelan-Koleno and the river. Єlan-Kolenovskiy settlement.
Zvyazok nar. The village of Ylan-Kolenovskogo with the regional center of the Novokhoperske metro station and with the regional center of the Voronezh metro station are built along the asphalt highway by motor transport, as well as along the distribution center of the pivdenno-shidnoy zaliznitsa.
Blagoustriy ulitsa and squares fill the bagat of the best. If you want to be proud of all the meshkants, there will be an alleyka in the center to Sportivnaya Street. Ale її often squealed. Now there is a young growth of trees, hopelessly unstreaked in growth.
The name of the village was given by the river Yelan. It’s clean to finish, but still the presence of the sukrozavod to rob its negative influx. Bring in your "introduction" near the zabrudnennya of natural waters and mіstsevі sіlskogospodarski podpriєmstva.
Under an hour of work, the beetroot is delivered to the sucrose plant here by an inexhaustible number of vantages, and again it smells like exhaust gases and the smell of beet shavings, which is steamed. Ale especially suffer the inhabitants of the streets, who are aware of the responsibility of the guards against the important smell of rotting surplus pulp.
The climate here has changed over the years. In winter, they became warm and little snowy, and the sack of sacks is not too dry for 40 degrees. Lack of fall and low winters are negatively signified on the growth and development of wood-chagarwood growths. The death of the forest massifs in the aftermath is feared.
Not everyone is friendly near the village and from the sanitary and hygienic points of dawn. The streets are zabrudnenі pobutovy smіttyam, a lot of unauthorized tombs.
All these reasons spurred us to reach the next place in the middle of the land where we live.
Material and technique
The project was awarded with the following methods, which are used for high school environmental monitoring:
▪ (sulfate, carbonate test);
▪ ;
▪ (pine needles);
▪ .
So we hurried to the help of the Department of Chemistry of the Voronezsky Pedagogical Institute.
Designated degree of salinity of the soil
Add a sprat of drops of 10% hydrochloric acid to the soil before sampling. If the soil is smeared with carbonate-ion, under the influence of acid, the presence of carbon dioxide is observed. Soil khіba scho "boils". Soils that boil in 10% hydrochloric acid and are brought to carbonate. The intensity of the absorption of carbon dioxide, that is, the intensity of "boiling" (boiling, medium, weak), gives an early acid rating instead of the carbonate ion in the soil.
The manifestation of sulfates in the soil
Up to 5 ml of soil extract, add a sprat of drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 3 ml of barium chloride. As a primer to avenge sulfate-ion, then it appears to be more finely dispersed, or, as it seems, a milk siege to barium sulfate. About the concentration of yogo in the soil vitiazchi can be judged by the degree of transparency of the otrimano sumishi (thick siege, kalamutny or mayzhe prozory of roses).
Designation of soil acidity and natural water
Place the soil at the test tube (the stone is responsible for the soil buti 2-3 cm). add distilled water, the volume of which is equal to the larger one for the volume of the soil. Close the test tube with a stopper, carefully shake 1 - 2 strands.
Filter the otriman summish ground and drive. Take a universal indicator, put a ground coat on it with a stick. Vyznachte for farbuvannyam universal pH indicator soil rozchin.
The next step of confusion is to look for additional bioindicators
Choose a sprat of young pines and look at their needles on the front of the rock. Appreciate the class of poshkodzhennya and wispy needles. Vow, that the light of the lot on the ends of the needles is not included in the assessment.
Class ushkodzhennya needles
1 - needles without patches 1 - no dry plots
2 - needles with a small number of dry patches 2 - the tips of the needles have dried up by 2 - 5 mm
3 - needles with numerous black and yellow patches, 3 - needles withered to a third of their great size 4 - mustaches of yellow needles or more lower half dry
Follow-up traffic congestion
1. Designate a section of the road for a length of time close to 100 m-code.
2. Support the number of vehicles alone, which will pass for 15 minutes. Multiplying the other number by 4, you will know about their number for 1 year.
3. Expand the amount of firewood that is burned by car engines by multiplying the path by the amount of stained firewood (for gasoline engines 0.1 l, for diesel engines - 0.4 l per 1 km)
4. Loosen for gasoline a number of approved shkidlivih speeches on the chosen road. For whom, hurry up with such tributes: when burning fire, which is necessary for a 1 km run, 0.6 liters of carbon dioxide, 0.1 liters of carbohydrates, 0.04 liters of nitrogen oxide (IV) are dissolved.
The results of the next stage of confusion to the ground, and again, were reviewed and presented in a computer-generated presentation, a table.
Results
Designated degree of salinity of the soil
The manifestation of carbonates in the soil
Microdistrict Soil type
The center of the village is supishchani Nemaє "boiling" Permissible in the form of 0.05 to 0.01% to the mass of the soil; irritating and toxic
- More than 0.01% to the weight of the soil.
Microdistrict "Krasnotal"
"boiling"
Another village of supishchani 1. Burkhliva intensity
"boiling"
2. Almost no boiling
Third settlement Zvichayniy chernozem Burkhliva intensity
"boiling"
Quarter of the clay settlement Weak intensity
"boiling"
Vulitsya Titova supishchani Weak intensity
"boiling"
Studenivka Natural chernozem Weak intensity
"boiling"
Visnovok. A high amount of carbonates is found in the soils of the Krasnotal microdistrict, another and third villages. Tse mozhe buti bewitched like natural chinniki (food soil), and zabrudnennym soil (ce teritory, lay down to the tsukrovy plant). Obviously, on such soils, there is no sense to talk about a high harvest, but there is more in the minds of a dry summer, which remains the fates.
The manifestation of sulfates in the soil
Microdistrict Soil type
The center of the settlement Supishchani Slightly turbid rozchin Permissible in 0.1 to 0.3% to the weight of the soil; igniting and toxic - over 0.3% to the mass of the soil.
Microdistrict "Krasnotal" Supishchani Mutny Rozchin
Other settlement Supishchani
Third settlement Zvichayny chernozem
Quarter settlement Glinisti
Vulitsia Titova Supishchani
Studenivka
Designation of soil acidity and natural water
Microdistrict pH of the soil pH of water
Center of the settlement 5.5 _
Microdistrict "Krasnotal" 6.0 _
Another settlement 5.5 - 6.0 5.0
Third settlement 6.5 7.0
Chetverte settlement 6.0 4.0 – 5.0
Student 6.0 5.5 – 7.5
Titova street 5,5 _
Visnovok. The water show, which indicates the acidity of natural water and soil, is within the limits of the norm. The middle part of the rozchin is weak due to the rozchinennya of natural salts (for example, hydrocarbonates).
The next step of confusion is to look for additional bioindicators
Microdistrict Klas ushkodzhennya needles
Village center 1 1
Microdistrict "Krasnotal"
Another village 1 2
Third settlement 1 1
Student 1 2
Titova street 1 1
Visnovok. When looking at the needles of young pines on the pagons of the front rock, it was revealed that they were shrinking by 2–5 mm (in three out of six falls), and the wisps - needles with a small number of dry patches - in one out of six falls. Since pine needles are bio-indicators, it can be said that there is a small degree of confusion in the Krasnotal microdistrict.
Determination of acidity of wood water
Date of sampling pH water
Visnovok. The acidity of the wood water is within the norm. The middle of the wood is slightly acidic (pH = 5.5) due to the difference in carbon dioxide in the air.
Follow-up traffic congestion
For 15 minutes, on 100 m of the road there were schools in the average traffic of 22 cars.
For 1 year - 88 cars.
Way, passing by these cars - 8.8 km.
The amount of fuel that is used by cars: 0.25 l / km x 8.8 \u003d 2.2 l
The total number of all gas-like shkidlivih vykidіv when spitting 2. 2 liters of fire: per 1 km -1.5 liters of CO (chad gas);
0.25 L CXNY (carbohydrate);
0.1 l NO2 (nitrogen oxide).
Otzhe, for 8.8 km
1.5 x 8.8 \u003d 13.2 liters of steam gas;
0.25 x 8.8 = 2.2 liters of carbohydrates; Usyogo: 16, 28 l
0.1 x 8.8 = 0.88 liters of nitrogen oxide.
Black precipitation of lead sulfide indicates the presence of lead ions in alcohol extract of roadside plants (like ethylated gasoline).
Visnovok. For 1 year, 16.28 liters of wheelbarrows are seen by motor vehicles per 100 m of road distance near the school. Lead enters the human body through the dichal and herbal system and leads to damage to the nerve tissue, damage to the memory.
Visnovok
Otrimani the results of local monitoring of the soil, natural driving and winding, watchfulness for a large number of fluctuating speeches in the atmosphere on the territory of the ecosystem of the village of Єlan-Kolenovskogo, to think about the need for the ecosystem, as it can lead to destruction
The fate of the schoolchildren at the solution of the problem is to continue the monitoring of this ecosystem, to the timely notification of the services about the results of the study at the ledges of the periodical press and the supply of the exchange of all the victorious hearts of the hearts.
SUCHASNIY STAN OF THE NAVKOLISHNY CENTER OF RUSSIA
Narini Mkoyan,
Polina Kortina
Looking at the problems of dowkill through the prism of national security issues, it is necessary to see for yourself the understanding of dowkill.
Navkolishne middle - the middle of living that activity of people, which otochuet people of nature and the creation of material world by him. The new medium includes both natural and piece (technogenic) medium.
The future of humankind without intermediary po'yazane zі camp navkolishnogo middle ground and lie down again in the face of the problems of the inhabitants of the planet.
In the daytime, an increasingly urgent problem of light sleepiness is becoming a growing risk for life and healthy people through a decrease in the quality of the most natural environment, a constant threat of great man-made disasters, and the degradation of natural ecosystems, an unbearable vantage of inputs and vitality.
The development of resource-saving technologies, the provision of technological processes with effective systems of purification, as well as regulatory and legal intermediary approaches, the transfer of natural resources and environmental legislation, appeared to be insufficient.
The psychological cause of the global environmental crisis has become panіvnyy at svіdomosti people spozhivchy stereotype of behavior, as a result - bezvіdpovіdalne stavlennja to nature. With all the bad market in the minds of hard competition under different drives, the export of irreparable natural resources and intellectual capital has increased. The bottom line is actually the export-syrovinna specialization of the country, more precisely - the "colonization" of hard geopolitical competitors, which threatens the national interests of Russia.
Looking at the Russian legislators in the sphere of ecology at the borders of the light system, it should be noted that the stench of a significant world is poured into the internal legislation in this gallery. In 1993, the Committee of the Sovereign Duma on Ecology was established, in charge of the development of that thorough legislation in the gallery for the protection of the natural environment. The most important of the federal laws adopted for the rest of the year are the federal laws “On natural areas that are especially protected”, “On environmental expertise”, “On radiation safety of the population”, “On geodesy and cartography”, “On the safety of pesticides and agrochemicals”, “About the hydrometeorological service”, “About the viability and health”, “About the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population” and the Federal Law “About the protection of the atmospheric air”.
Most of the environmental problems that Russia is facing today are deeply rooted and have gone “at the recession” from the Russian hours. Radical market reforms and low economic crises caused problems in the field of ecology, imbalanced processes of management and control, and took on the opposition of environmental interests to economic ones. The result is a constant decline in the quality of dovkill, degradation of the most recent and short-lived natural resources, an increase in the number of environmentally ill-advised people, and a real threat to the gene pool of the population of the country. It is impossible to forget about those that the most environmental problems develop due to inertia.
Ecological safety is an important storehouse of the national safety of Russia. Ensuring environmental safety and the implementation of the constitutional rights of the citizens of the Russian Federation on a healthy and healthy middle ground is the axis of the main tasks, which may be a victory in the process of forming Russian environmental legislation.
At zv'yazku z tsim it is necessary to speak on the upcoming problems, which are the most important and topical.
The first problem is the liquidation of chemical defences, which is motivated by the fact that Russia has become a participant of the Convention “On the demise of chemical defences”.
Another very important problem is the catastrophic, over 60-hundred-year-old cost of the main funds of industrial enterprises - the main reason for the blame for man-made accidents.
More about one of the most important problems. About drinking water. Pure water is needed by all people, even if 80 years of ailments of people, this is the same chi іnshim rank, it is caused by the deterioration of the quality of drinking water.
The most important tool for the conservation of dovkіllya and yogo steel development is the legislating of the main principles, mechanisms, guarantees, criteria for the protection of the most important natural environment, pledges to the Constitution, as well as assessment of the viability of dovkіllya.
It is necessary to study the report on the consideration of the Ecological Doctrine of the Russian Federation. In this document, file in detail the protection against environmental threats. In Pershoma Rydіlі giving a visnant of doctrini, і і і ї ї ї ї и орвові изовой и молький колецтовія ровіский одиці ї и карины коловись в ликозі Огорина оболяшная серостова то викорсинаннина руссиівіва Інші Інші соренна и рыны стой соо сооромнуютуюнию торовиватние protect nature and use of natural resources.
Ekolologist of the doctrine of Evholuє Rishennya Conference UN with the Navrochnyy Heat of the Solution (Rіo-de Janeiro, 1992), the mainstream of the main strategist of Rosіyskoi fedovisia zhorona of the Navodnyy Sadovika, the slaughter of the Staital Division (Decree of the President of Rosіyskoi Federation № 236), the main installations, like in the Concept of the transition of the Russian Federation to the steel development (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated April 1, 1996, No. 440).
Other rozdіl prisvyacheny rozglyadu strategіchnoї methylation, zavdan that printsipіv at the Branch ekologії, yakimi Je zberezhennya natural systems pіdtrimannya їh tsіlіsnostі that zhittєzabezpechuvalnih funktsіy for steel rozvitku suspіlstva, pіdvischennya yakostі Zhittya, pokraschennya Zdorov'ya population that demografіchnoї situatsії, zabezpechennya ekologіchnoї BEZPEKA Kraina.
The third part of the doctrine of the doctrine names the main directly sovereign policy in the field of ecology. Here are the main tasks in various areas:
The sphere of reducing the confusion of the superfluous medium and the supply of resources
Sphere of steel environmental protection
The sphere of conservation and renewal of the natural environment is too thin.
The fourth part is assigned to priority direct activities from the environmental safety of the Russian Federation. Here one can see current problems – terrorism, genetically modified organisms.
Fifth part of the doctrine of the most important instruction from the other chapters. Here one can see the paths and the organization of state policy in the gallery of ecology. Seen:
The need for sovereign regulation of the protection of dovkil.
Zdiysnennya control over the conservation of the natural environment and environmental safety.
The creation of an effective legal mechanism that regulates the savings of dovkil.
Creation of economic, financial mechanisms for environmental activities.
A particularly important point is the need for international cooperation in this sphere.
Also, you can name both positive and negative aspects of this document. This doctrine is vindicated by its omnipotence. Vaughn to dosit widely visvіtlyuє a lot of problems and current trends in the development of zahistu navkolishny middle. A major plus is the fact that the environmental situation is presented objectively, without daily trials, to embellish. Dosit reportedly describe the goals and paths of their reach. It is clear to understand the need for an individual contribution to the situation in the field of ecology in order to understand that development.
Ale, it is necessary to note that the given doctrine was adopted in 2000 roci, since the feast of the protection of the most important middle, nothing has changed for the better, more for the better. This fact should be confirmed by the fact that the implementation of this doctrine is practically impossible. About tse also note the existence of a special body responsible for the security of the protection of the important medium and environmental safety. Tse nutrition can be seen as on equal power, and also - on equal skin individual okremo.
Zabezpechennya ekologіchnoї BEZPEKA Russie, yak odnієї of klyuchovih minds vizhivannya powers, peredbachaє zmіnu іsnuyuchih ekonomіchnih prіoritetіv on ekologіchnі in vsіh aspects State polіtiki scho nemozhlivo without vіdpovіdnoї zmіni svіdomostі people that system tsіnnostey suspіlstva in tsіlomu, rozumіnnya sutі ekologіchnih problems that uchastі kozhnoї Lyudin in їh solutions. Molding of the epochal staging of the bulk of the people to the dovkіll of the trival hour and poov'yazanі z lamko spozhivchogo behavior stereotypes. It can be systemic, starting from the legislative level, and can be secured with the promotion of ecological culture of the economy as a warehouse, natural resource and environmental legislation and development of the principles of legislative security.
Ekology Culture є Nevіd'єmnoy Party of Zagalnolyudskoi Bulkuri І Forms in the process of Zhittya Tu Dіlnosti Poolen With a barrier Okolovoy Oswet, this prosvilo, Scho Spring, a healthy way of burning, the spiritual increase in suspension, the stoyed socially-echo-izvitka, the Ecologicianness of the Supreme Country.
List of vikoristani dzherel:
1. Environmental Doctrine of the Russian Federation: www.mnr.gov.ru/index.php?17
2. Ecological situation in the Russian Federation:
With skin rock, there are more and more speeches that make dovkilya zabrudnyuyut. It is very necessary to know about them, see, pour in, and come in and zahist.
Speech, like pouring in the quality of the middle, are called zabrudnyuvacha. It is not the power of the natural middle ground of foreign speech to become zabrudnyuvachiv. Tse thermal energy, noise, radiation, chemical speech, etc. bud. All the result of the life of a person.
Zabrudnyuyuchi speeches for aggregative power, they can be divided into gas-like (carbon dioxide, sulfuric acid, etc.), rare (methanol, ethanol, benzene, sewage water) and solids (slag, ash, potassium chloride, smittya thinly). ).
For equal shkidlivost, the rubbish speeches are subdivided into chotiri class:
I class - especially unsafe: mercury and semicolon, hexachlorane, benzopyrene, dioxin, semicolon chromium. Qi of speech cry out in people of cancerous swelling, ailment of the nervous system and can lead to a fatal result;
II class - high security: circulating water, benzene, nitrogen oxide, chlorine oxide, midi and nickel. Cracks of speech are caused by cancerous swellings, poisoning, eczema, ailment of the nervous system;
III class - middle of non-bezpeka: octova acid, ethanol, phenol, lead dioxide, aldehydes. Call out the ailments of other organs;
IV class - insignificant nebezpeka: ammonia, carbon dioxide, zinc chloride, aluminium, manganese, etc. The stench is not safe if it accumulates in the body.
For a splash on dovkіlla zabrudnyuyuchі speech can be divided into:
1. Mechanical- different zabrudnyuyuchi speech occupy a biocoenosis significant space and vitіsnyatyat place of the basis of organisms.
2. Chemical- take part in the biological processes of the body, assisting the cells, improve their functions.
3. Physical- Dzherela energetic zabrudnennya. Heat, light, sound, electromagnet, radiation zabrudnyuvach are seen before them. Take part in the biochemical reactions of the body, call out anemia, genetically sickness.
4. Biological- divided into two types: a) biotically zabrudnennya - weeds, okremі creatures and comakhs to lead the majestic shkoda of the state's activity of people (heap saran, squint, targaniv thinly); b) microbiological zabrudnennya - a wide spread of disease-causing microorganisms, plague, cholera, vispi, SNIDu toshcho.
It is especially unsafe for all people to establish drug addiction and SNID, the titles of the "plague of the XX century."
Now we can look at the influx of straying speeches near the biospheric gallus.
Zabrudnyuvachi atmospheres be divided into natural and anthropogenic. Naturally zabrudnennya vіdbuvaєtsya independently from people. So, for example, gases can be sucked into the atmosphere, rare and solid speech, as well as the middle of energy confusion, like sound, noise, thermal prominence and radiation.
Basically, the middle part of the atmospheric pollution is the result of the activity of people, we are ahead of transport and energy, especially the coal fire. Dali go budіvnitstvo that khіmіchna promyslovіst.
Contaminated atmospheres are of two types:
gas- getting into the atmosphere of gas-like rechovins: carbon dioxide, sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, sirkovodnya, ammonia, methane, freon thinly.
sawmill- vinikaє vnaslіdok dragging into the atmosphere of finely dispersed rіdin and hard speeches, which are transformed in the air on shkidli aerosol shells.
Likewise, when a volcano erupts, strong winds of sulfur oxide, sulfuric acid becomes so acidic. Those that acids are not safe for living organisms, you know from the course of chemistry.
Sawed step by step until the destruction of the blasted monsters. I saw a little smog: just a zmіg, crying zmіg, vologiy zmіg, photochemical zmіg. You know about the names of the people from the materials of 9-10 classes.
Zabrudnyuvachi hydrospheres.
The XX century is the era of the development of industry, technology, space, which led to the fermentation of the hydrosphere, the lack of fresh water. There is a lot of information about Skoda zabrudnennya є even richer information, prote is often not given respect for unsafe problems that are blamed for zabrudnennya vod. On the earth's shoal, the water became a bed of brudna, and the rivers of that lake turned into "dead water", for example, the Po, the Seine in Europe, Michigan, Era, etc. There are more and more such expanses of water on the mainland. There are no ribs in similar rivers and lakes.
The great problem of the seas and the Light Ocean is water pollution with oil products. For example, when 1 ton of naphtha is taken from the water, the surface is covered with a thin layer of up to 12 km2. It is estimated that approximately 1% of the oil to be transported is bottled in the water. It is possible to show how much plankton, algae, birds, ribeye, algae, and ribs, as if they were lying, that the capacity of some tankers could be 200-250 million tons of oil.
The reason for the Caspian Sea being contaminated with petroleum products is the result of a gross destruction of technological processes.
The other core of the dithering of the hydrosphere is radioactive speech. The threat of radioactive contamination of vinyl after nuclear vibra- tions near the seas, underwater accidents from nuclear engines. The great concern is those who are constantly thrown into the ocean by the inputs of nuclear and military equipment. Everything is changing the reserves for the great savts (for example, whales), ribs, who live in the ocean, shortly their number.
It is impossible to forget that the seas and the oceans are comoros, yakі virishuyut the problems of eating all the people in the future!
Zabrudnyuvachi lithosphere.
The lithosphere is the stake of life. The soil ball is estimated by a person as "black gold". Tse pov'yazano z tim, scho the earth is good for a person. Ale, no matter what, people, mastering the land, straying її.
Іsnuyut natural and anthropogenic paths zabrudnennya ґrunta.
Dzherelom natural confusion I already know you tornadoes, storms, windfalls, avalanches toshcho. bud. The appearances are seen independently from the people. Our mission is to keep their heritage low.
Anthropogenic confusion- folding process of atmospheric and hydrosphere fermentation. In the first place there are chemical agents: pesticides, herbicides. Vykoristannya khіmії podzhuє nebezpeka iznischennya struktury ґruntu, fauna and flora in a tired biocoenosis, yogic warehouses (living organisms) and the process of exchange of speeches is destroyed. Such lands are considered unacceptable for the master's victoria.
It is also a great problem for the soil flora and fauna to become "acid rain". For example, the occurrence of wood grains, which linger at the soil, is connected with the fall of "acid woods". The more wooden hrobakiv the soil has, the more important it is for a relative.
Zabrudnennya ґruntu vreshti-resht can aggravate the food problem and lead to famine in the earth's backwoods.
In this rank, the exploitation of the soil is correct, it is inspired by the main tasks that stand before the people.
Zabrudnyuyuchi speeches.
1. Ecological camp of dovkillya is being seriously affected.
2. Zabrudnyuyuchi speech podіlyayutsya behind the step of otruynosti.
3. Zabrudnennya navkolishnyy middle ground nada shkіdlivy vpliv on the life of the people.
1. What kind of speeches are zabrudnyayut?
2. What is the cost of natural and pieced dzherel zabrudnennya?
1. What is the peculiarity of biological confusion?
2. Behind what signs do straying speeches develop?
1. How do you classify the confusing atmosphere of speech? Name the dzherel zabrudnennya.
2. What way does the hydrosphere become muddled?
By what way do the shkidlivy speeches penetrate the human organism? Show how the diagrams.
* Perevіr knowledge!
Request for repetition. Partition 8.
Modern camp of natural and agro-supply
1. What kind of warehouses are formed of natural wealth?
2. Warehouse parts of the biocenosis.
3. What are the names of natural sins for the fate of people?
4. What area is occupied by testing grounds in Kazakhstan?
5. Are herbicides now vicarious?
6. Can you restore biocoenosis?
7. Direct and indirect injection of people into nature.
8. What are the supernatural situations in nature?
9. Name the areas of ecological disaster.
10. How are natural phenomena (earthrust and volcanoes) seen in Kazakhstan?
11. Which of the natural elements is not safe for the fox?
12. Name the anthropogenic disaster.
13. What are the intertoxicity rates of common speeches?
14. How do you classify the confusion of dovkil?
15. Name the main areas of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere.
16. Who numerically regulates the wandering in nature?
Ekolovna Checky Rosіi Singer Miro Seek not Tilki Vіd Negative Nazalіdkіv Dyalnosti National District Larching, Predeshniy Naznya, and Vіd Negative Nazalіdkіv Planetary State Communist Party, He He headed by Sumyzhniy, Yaki from the expanse of the Timchasa aspects to burn Rosіyskiii. Ale tsі threats cannot be taken into account by the day, the shards are closely related to the internal environmental behavior of Russia.
The analysis of the environmental situation in our country is carried out in a wide range of studies, as it is called "The state report about the camp of the most important natural environment of the Russian Federation".
The environmental situation in Russia is characterized by such negative trends as the prevalence of natural lands of the people's dominion, the lack of perfection of technologies, the syrovine orientation of exports, the redundant principle of financing environmental protection and environmental protection programs. In the rest of the hour, the problems of the ecological profile were aggravated through the increase in the incidence of accidents and catastrophes of a man-made nature, the violation of the norms of the protection of the natural environment, the growing social stress, the decrease in the virulence and other forms of discipline, the weakening of the fund, the destruction of the trio of viruses.
For the present hour, it is more characteristic of a calmer setting to the nature of the young aggressive generation
pіdpriєmtsіv pіd hour of the primary accumulation of capital. Tse polyuєєtsya vіdsutnіstyu koshtіv vyvіshennya ekologichіchnyh problems through the budgetary crisis and the financial situation of the industrial infrastructure.
In the ecological plan, the consequences of the collapse of the SRSR turned out to be also unfortunate. The rampant speed of production has led to a change in the anthropogenic pressure on dovkіllya. Navpaki, growing zanedbanist, "smіttya" territories. The decrease in the rate of volleys and skids in industrial enterprises in connection with the reduction in the number of flights is compensated for by the increase in the number of "volley" volleys due to accidents, the increase in the transport type of traffic jams. In Russia, ecological catastrophes become inevitable in the wake of the deterioration of the main virobnicheskih funds. For example, the depreciation of oil and gas pipelines to become 50%; close to 35% of autoways are assessed as an emergency, and 65% of autoways will be required for repairs.
The protection of this natural environment is a science-based kind of activity, which does not succeed in any way with the collapse of scientific and technological potential, which is experienced by Russia at the same time, even with a low level of financing of science. It is not enough to bring about not only to spend powerful environmental efforts, but also to unreasonable global threats to environmental sustainability.
The anti-ecological nature of the social and environmental policy of the krai SND and Baltic. The borderlands of a group of people cannot, with a proper rank, debate about the purity of a people's dovkil. The negative role of the development of the environmental situation in Russia is played by the lands of Northern Europe (too much socialism). The stench is the initiator of transportation from the entrance to the Exit of toxic wastes, the redeployment of environmentally unsafe factories, and as a result, Russia can turn into an "ecological colony" of the government's plans for the country. Pivdenni cordon of Russia are colliding with a whole group of krai іz high rates of demographic growth, also, greater anthropogenic pressure on Dovkil. Zokrema, increase in the population of Japan until the end of the 20th century. becoming 148%, in China - mayzhe 210%, in Iran - 345%,
at the borders of Iraq - 350%. In Russia, the remaining fates are expected to be a decrease in the population, an increase in mortality.
Another serious environmental threat for Russia is the near-cordon military potential. It is not safe to walk around the country, which may be chemical and biological, - the USA, Japan, China, the country of the EU.