Refund of expenses by the budgets of various rivnas is brought up to the formation of a vіdpovіdno to the state and municipal borg - the accumulated fencing of the Russian Federation, the subjects of the Russian Federation and municipal tutelage, which pіdlyagaє repaid from the form of the main borg and taxes on a new vіdsotkіv.
Borg can be issued with valuable papers, or it is indicated in the contract between the applicant as a person of the highest authority of the state government, or as a self-registering body, from one side, the other as an investor, from the other side.
Sovereign Borg of the Russian Federationє borgovі goiter of the Russian Federation before physical and legal persons, foreign powers, international organizations and other subjects of international law.
The Sovereign Borg of the Russian Federation takes care of all the mines, what to establish with the federal authorities, what to become a sovereign treasurer.
Before the warehouse of the sovereign borg of the Russian Federation, borg goiters are included in the following forms:
1) credit agreements entered into in the name of the Russian Federation with credit organizations, foreign powers and international financial organizations;
2) sovereign papers that are issued in the name of the Russian Federation;
3) agree on the granting of sovereign guarantees of the Russian Federation, agree on guarantees of the Russian Federation to ensure the protection of crops by third persons;
4) re-registration of borgovі zobov'yazannya tretih osіb to the sovereign borgu of the Russian Federation on the basis of adopted federal laws;
5) please agree on that, including international, regulations in the name of the Russian Federation, about the prolongation and restructuring of the borgo goiter of past fates.
Municipal footwear folded from the collection of borgo goiter's municipal osviti. Vіn bezpechuєtsya with all the municipal mine, which will become a municipal treasury.
Borgovі zobov'yazannya municipal osvіti is based on the form:
1) credit facilities and agreements, regulations of the municipality;
2) position of municipal illumination, zdiisnyuvanih by way of issuance of valuable papers in the name of municipal illumination;
3) agreements on the provision of municipal guarantees, agreements on guarantees of municipal coverage of the provision of protection for crops by third persons;
4) borgovyh goiter legal, re-registered with the municipal borg with the improvement of legal acts of the bodies of the municipal self-regulation.
For carrying out an effective financial policy in the halls of the sovereign and municipal institutions, the process of managing the sovereign and municipal borg is especially important. The administration of the sovereign borg of the Russian Federation is established by the Rada of the Russian Federation, the administration of the sovereign borg of the subject of the Russian Federation - the body of the sovereignty of the subject of the Russian Federation. The management of the municipal borg is carried out by the upovnovazheniy body of the municipal self-regulation.
Borg service
Let's take a look at the procedure for servicing the sovereign internal board of the Russian Federation, the subjects of the Russian Federation, the sovereign board.
Vitrati schodo rozmіschennya, and pay income and redemption of borgo goiters of the Russian Federation zdіysnyuyutsya for the cost of the federal budget. Servicing of the sovereign domestic borg of the Russian Federation is carried out, as a rule, by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and the way of zdiyasnennya operation from the placement of borgo goiters of the Russian Federation, their redemption and payment of income from those who look for them.
The appointment of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the other specialized financial institution of the functions of the general agent, to the Order of the Russian Federation for the placement of borgo goiters of the Russian Federation, their redemption and payment of income from vigliads vіdsotkіv behind them is due on the basis of special interests, which are laid down by them.
Serving the sovereign internal board of the subject of the Russian Federation, the municipal board to be carried out in accordance with federal laws, laws of the subject of the Russian Federation and legal acts of the bodies of municipal self-regulation.
For the good of the party, the sovereign chi municipal borg, which is the vineyard for the purchase and sale of the sovereign chi municipal papers, can be substitutions for the pozikovy goiter. The replacement of the sovereign and the municipal borg with pozikovy goiter zdіysnyuєtsya z dotrimannym vymog pro novation and vіdbuvaєtsya at the form of the contract of position.
The novation is due to this, that the goiter is attributed to the favor of the parties about the replacement of the primary goiter, which happened between them, other goiters between them themselves, which transfers the other subject or is able to win. Novation attaches additional goiters, tying from the first goiters.
Let's take a look at the main aspects of the functioning of finance of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
Finance sub'єktіv Russian Federatsiї є sukupnіst finansovіch vіdnosin, scho vykayut schodo formation, rozpodіlu and vykoristannya regional fundіv finansovoi resurіvіv vіrіshennya sotsial'no-ekonomichnіchnyh zavdanі sub'єktіv RF.
The numbers are formed between the state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation and the population who live on the territory of this subject of the Russian Federation, as well as the subjects of the state. Financing of subjects of the Russian Federation include:
· Costs to the budget of the subject of the Russian Federation;
· Sovereign prices of papers that belong to the authorities of the sovereign power of the subject of the Russian Federation;
· Other costs that the power of the subject of the Russian Federation has.
The broadly understood finance of the subject of the Russian Federation includes also Consolidation of the budget of the subject of the Russian Federation.
The finances of the subjects of the Russian Federation are based on the upcoming principles:
· Self-reliance;
· Budget federalism;
· Sovereign financial support (transfers from the federal budget and financial support);
· transparency;
· Publicity.
The rights of the Vlasnik of finances of the subject of the Russian Federation are enforced by the state authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation in accordance with the constitution of the statute of the subject of the Russian Federation.
Financing of the subject of the Russian Federation to establish economic basis structures of the sovereign power of the subject of the Russian Federation instructed from the authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation, by the way, that the sovereign authorities and transfer the management to the structures of the sovereign power of the subject of the Russian Federation, other authorities, to serve the satisfaction of the needs of the subject of the Russian Federation.
Costs to the budget of the subject of the Russian Federation, regional budgetary funds enter the warehouse of the power of the subject of the Russian Federation. Protect the power of the subject of the Russian Federation by the state structures of the state power of the subject of the Russian Federation. The rights of the sergeant to mine, to enter the warehouse of power of the subject of the Russian Federation, in the name of the subject of the Russian Federation, shall be imposed by the authorities of the sovereign power of the subject of the Russian Federation.
Organs of the sovereign power of the subject of the Russian Federation may have the right to transfer the objects of power of the subject of the Russian Federation from the time of the hour to the physical and legal persons, to rent, to change.
The procedure for privatization of the sovereign power of the subject of the Russian Federation is determined by the organs of the sovereign power of the subject of the Russian Federation independently.
Of particular importance for finance subjects of the Russian Federation may principle budgetary federalism
Bodies of the structure of the sovereign power of the subjects of the Russian Federation, for the sake of the federal bodies of the structure of the sovereign power of the Russian Federation, can transfer to them parts of their duties.
Bodies of the structure of the state power of the subjects of the Russian Federation are not able to take legal acts on financial and monetary authorities, to bring to the attention of federal bodies in the structure of the state power of the Russian Federation, as well as federal bodies of the structure of the state power of the Russian Federation subjects of the Russian Federation.
With the method of realizing your new things state authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation:
· to take part in projects of federal laws and other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, drafted by the bodies of the sovereign power of the Russian Federation, with the subjects of joint legislation of the Russian Federation and the subject of the Russian Federation;
· Zdіysnyuyut legal regulation of subjects іv svіlnogo vednya, vyznachenim vіdpovіdno before federal legislation;
· take part in the development and implementation of federal target programs on the territory of the subjects of the Russian Federation;
· Create minds for obtaining foreign investments in the subject of the Russian Federation with the method of implementing federal and regional programs in accordance with federal legislation.
Organization of vikonavchoi vlady subject of the Russian Federation can be given updates of territorial structural subdivisions of the authorities of the vikonavchoi government of the Russian Federation in the sphere of financial resources, depending on the areas laid down between the authorities of the vikonavchoi government of the subject of the Russian Federation and the authorities of the vikonavchoi government of the Russian Federation.
Territorial structural subdivisions bodies of the vikonavchos of the Russian Federation can be granted new authorities of the vikonavchos of the power of the subjects of the Russian Federation in accordance with the provisions laid down between the bodies of the vikonavchos of the state of the subject of the Russian Federation and the bodies of the vikonavchos of the Russian Federation.
The subject of the Russian Federation independently establishes to introduce by its own laws the areas of taxes and collections, depending on the fundamental principles of taxation and collections, established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal legislation.
The warehouse and the distribution of income, which should reach the state budget of the subject of the Russian Federation and the budgets of the municipal governments of this subject of the Russian Federation in the form of repayment of federal taxes and fees (transfers, tax payments, subsidies, subventions, subsidies and other), are awarded by the federal government bodies of state power and bodies of structures of state power of the subject of the Russian Federation, as stink is directly established by federal legislation.
Financing of funds in the federal budget of the subject of the Russian Federation can be funded through territorial bodies of the federal treasury, in addition, for the amount of tax and other payments, which are collected on the territory of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation and are transferred to the federal budget.
In order to refurbishment between the authorities of the vikonavchoi government of the Russian Federation and the authorities of the vikonavchoi government of the subject of the Russian Federation with the subjects of joint supervision of the authorities of the vikonavchoi government of the subject of the Russian Federation are laid down please with the Order of the Russian Federation.
Delimitation of the state power of the subject of the Russian Federation, including the delimitation of power on land, water and other natural resources, on the federal power and power of the subject of the Russian Federation, and to establish a new delimitation of the management of objects of the federal power of the subject of the Russian Federation , okremymi favors.
23.See financial help
The revenue side of the budget can include financial support in various forms: subsidies, subventions, and may also be subject to budgetary regulation. Grants and subventions and pennies in support of the gross budget up to the lowest level of material assistance.
The subsidy is a penny sum, which is seen from the budget of the highest level of income, which means that the fixed and regulatory incomes are insufficient for the formation of the minimum budget of the municipal education, which is necessary to the law of the goiter to secure the organs of the sovereign power. The subsidy does not have a purpose, and it is seen on a free and irrevocable basis.
The subvention is a penny sum, which is seen in the same term from the budget of the highest level for specific goals and programs for the development of the social and economic development of the entire territory. At times, the subvention has been awarded, not for the purpose of confessing, it is forcing the authority to turn it over.
A profitable part of the public budgets can be revenged and paid.
The need for poor budgets is conditioned by the lack of government resources for the financial security of public programs, the life of municipal facilities, and the coverage of budget spending in the minds of the deficit of the public budget.
Position - tse dokhіd timchasovy character, more can be turned buti. In the cases established by the law, the payment of the positional fees is transferred.
Organizations of the financial self-regulation can win such positions, such as low and low positions, which are taken from other budgets, short-term loans from commercial banks, income from public positions.
Amounts transferred from the federal budget to the budgets of the subjects of the Federation are called transfers.
24. Social budget funds. Galuze state budget funds.
Budgetary funds and independent financial and credit establishments and organizations that grant the status of a legal entity. The stench is independent of the legal and economic budgets of the federal budget and the budgets of administrative-territorial associations (republics at the warehouse of the Russian Federation, regions, territories, cities, districts and regions). The revenues and expenses of budgetary funds are not included in the total sum of revenues and revenues of the budgets of the state administrative-territorial associations.
At the same time, they talk about those koshta of budget funds from the federal government. The state has the responsibility and legal regulation of its activity.
Bodies of sovereign power, zokrema, assign the recognition and recognition of the task of the activity of a specific budgetary fund, the formation of income, among the most important ones, the obligatory payment of legal and physical assemblies that are established by the centralized order. In addition, the state directly selects the costs that are accumulated by budgetary funds.
Prior to the introduction of budgetary funds, one can see their purpose for financing assets that are not transferred from the budget, that independence from the budget of accumulative funds from penny funds, which is transferred from the state authorities. On the vіdnosiny, pov'yazanі s deductions, by the payment and the payment of contributions to the budgetary funds, the norms and provisions of the tax legislation of the Russian Federation are expanding.
Social budget funds are the main source of compensation for social insurance. Obov'yazkove sotsіalne strahuvannya Yea system stvoryuvanih legal powers, that ekonomіchnih organіzatsіynih zahodіv, spryamovanih on kompensatsіyu abo mіnіmіzatsіyu naslіdkіv zmіni materіalnogo that (ABO) sotsіalnogo encampments pratsyuyuchih gromadyan, while vipadkah, peredbachenih zakonodavstvom Rosіyskoї Federatsії, іnshih kategorіy gromadyan vnaslіdok viznannya їh bezrobіtnimi, labor kalіtstva abo profesіynogo zahvoryuvannya, іnvalіdnostі, hvorobi, injury, vagіtnostі that pologіv, vtrati goduvalnika and takozh nastannya starostі, neobhіdnostі otrimannya medichnoї Relief, spa lіkuvannya that nastannya іnshih vstanovlenih zakonodavstvom Rosіyskoї Federatsії sotsіalnih INSURANCE rizikіv scho pіdlyagayut obov'yazkovomu sotsіalnomu insurance.
The position of the federal budget is approved by the state funds, which are protected by the bodies of the structures of the state power of the Russian Federation and recognized by the implementation of the constitutional rights of the citizens to: 1) social security due to age; vipadakh, peredbachenyh by the legislation of the Russian Federation on social security; 3) social security in times of unemployment; 4) the protection of health and the provision of cost-free medical assistance. The funds of state budget funds are held by the federal authorities. Sovereign budgetary funds of the Russian Federation є: 1) Pension Fund of the Russian Federation; Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation; 3) the Federal Fund for Obligatory Medical Insurance; 4) State fund of employment of the population of the Russian Federation. The income of state-owned budgetary funds is formed on the basis of: 1) obligatory payments established by the legislation of the Russian Federation; 2) voluntary contributions to physical and legal matters; 3) other income, transferred by the legislation of the Russian Federation. In Reigning budget pozabyudzhetnih fondіv pіdlyagayut zarahuvannyu rozpodіlyayutsya bodies of the Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation rіvnyami byudzhetnoї sistemi podatkovі revenues od podatkіv the following: 1) єdinogo podatku, styaguvanogo in zv'yazku іz zastosuvannyam sproschenoї sistemi opodatkuvannya 2) mіnіmalnogo podatku zastosuvannyam sproschenoї sistemi opodatkuvannya 3) єdinogo podatku on the provided dohіd for okremih vidіv dіyalnostі 4) єdinogo sіlskogospodarskogo podatku / Vitrata koshtіv DERZHAVNAYA pozabyudzhetnih fondіv zdіysnyuєtsya lishe on tsіlі, viznachenі zakonodavstvom RF, RF sub'єktіv scho reglamentuє їh dіyalnіst vіdpovіdno to byudzhetіv zaznachenih fondіv, zatverdzhenimi federal, sub 'Facts of the Russian Federation. well.
Municipal education budget (municipal budget)- A form of consecration of windowsills at a rozrahunka on a financial river, recognized for vikonannja vidatkovy goiter of a municipal consecration.
Vikoristannya by the organs of local self-regulation of other forms of enlightenment and window dressing for the vikonannya of vidatkovy goiter and municipal tutelage is not allowed.
In mіstsevih budgets vіdpovіdno to byudzhetnoї klasifіkatsії RF okremo peredbachayutsya Costa, scho spryamovuyutsya on vikonannya vidatkovih zobov'yazan munіtsipalnih utvoren in zv'yazku іz zdіysnennyam authorities mіstsevogo samovryaduvannya povnovazhen of power mіstsevogo value Ta vidatkovih zobov'yazan munіtsipalnih utvoren, scho for rakhunok vikonuyutsya subventsіy h budgets of other rivnіv for zdіysnennya okremih sovereign renovations.
The budget of the municipal district (district budget) and the budgetary units of the municipal and rural settlements, which enter the warehouse of the municipal district (without paying inter-budgetary transfers between these budgets), approve the consolidation of the budget of the municipal district.
As a warehouse for the budgets of the municipal and rural settlements, they can be transferred to the budget of incomes and vitrates of other settlements, other territories, as well as municipal government offices. The organization of the municipal self-regulation will ensure the balance of the municipal budgets, until the beginning of the establishment, it was possible to regulate the budgetary allowances, reconcile the deficit of the municipal budgets, the equal, the warehouse of the municipal board, the elimination of the budget and the budget goiter of the municipal institutions.
Formation, hardening, raising the budget of the local budget and control over the topping up are exercised by the organs of the local self-regulation independently from the legislators. Organs of the state self-regulation order, established by federal laws and adopted later by other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, file with the federal bodies of state power and bodies of the state power of the subjects of the Russian Federation about the budgeting of state budgets.
Draft local budget rіshennya about zatverdzhennya mіstsevogo budget rіchny zvіt about Yogo vikonannya, schokvartalnі vіdomostі about hіd vikonannya mіstsevogo budget that pro chiselnіst munіtsipalnih sluzhbovtsіv organіv mіstsevogo samovryaduvannya, pratsіvnikіv munіtsipalnih SET іz zaznachennyam factuality vitrat on їhnє penny utrimannya pіdlyagayut ofіtsіynomu opublіkuvannyu. Formation, hardening, monitoring of the budgetary budget and control over it are carried out by the bodies of the local self-regulation independently from the legislators' powers. Organs of the state self-regulation order, established by federal laws and adopted later by other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, file with the federal bodies of state power and bodies of the state power of the subjects of the Russian Federation about the budgeting of state budgets.
Vitrati budget- Pennies, which are directly related to the financial security of the head and functions of the local self-regulation in forms, transfers of the RF BC.
Organi mіstsevogo self-registration to keep registers of goiter and municipal hierarchies, according to the order established by the decision of the representative body of municipal education. It is not allowed to change federal government bodies, state government bodies of subjects of the Russian Federation, with a vinatk of waivers established by federal laws, laws of subjects of the Russian Federation.
26. Special budget regime. Investment support for the development of regions.
Special budgetary regime for the region, subject of the federation. The great regions and territories of the krai and especially budgetary regimes rely less on vinyatkovyh upheavals, slandered by political mischief, ethnic and economic problems, which is important to win. The essence of these regimes- at the expansion of the budgetary autonomy of the regional authorities, great innovations in grants and financing of the vidatkiv, more and more minds of the minds of the distribution of income in the collection of national-regional gratuities. Mіstseva vlada also saves the right to withdraw common and special transfers, often seeking to improve their own specific interests.
As a way to show the light evidence, in most of the krai, the budgetary regime will make it easier for a large number of regions to be fenced. More widespread use of this method can lead to such negative consequences as the sounding of the sphere of sovereign macroeconomic regulation, the sharpening of problems of vertical and horizontal imbalances in the budget system, and the strengthening of trends towards the sovereignization of territories (China).
Special local budget regime. In most countries, the method of special budgetary regimes is actively conquered for a hundred and hundreds of small territories (a part of a region, a city, a district near a city), on which economic zones are created. The zonal policy in industrially developed lands plays an important role as a tool for smoothing out regional authorities, facilitating the economy of those depressive territories and the smaller world victoriously with the method of the most expansive economy. In the krains, it is straightened out by the main rank of the creation of enclaves of economic growth, as if they could adopt an accelerated global economic development, integration in the state of the world, and in the smaller world, the solution of mystical social and economic problems.
The peculiarities of the government's regime, in which zones function, are determined by their type and recognition. Zones to quarrel among themselves in front of them, save the stench at the borders of the national militant territory and swell the status of extraterritoriality. In the United States and Great Britain, there are offensive options for zones, which are created in accordance with national laws on zones.
Zones, yakі mayut status exterritoriality, are called pіdpriyomnitskim. The status of the receiving zone is formed by territories (mostly districts in towns) that meet the criteria of depression and hardness. Such criteria are: equal income and unemployment higher than the average, and the number of the population (less than 4 thousand inhabitants). The Great Britain has no clear criteria that, as it matters, can carry out a more flexible zonal policy. In both countries, the creation of the receiving zones was dependent on the negotiations and the laying down of the contract between the central and other police authorities. On the back, the central authorities promote a standard set of tax-budgetary benefits and incentives for the newly created administrative zone. At the process of negotiations, wines are concretized at the link with the propositions of the master’s power to understand their power in the zone. The scale of compensation is the center of the municipal budget to lie in the activity of the municipal government to bring the economy of the territory out of the depressive state. In oboh kraїnah pіlgi natsіlenі perevazhno on stimulyuvannya drіbnogo that serednogo pіdpriєmnitstva (stink peredbachayut, zokrema, timchasove zvіlnennya abo skorochennya podatkіv, nasampered on neruhomіst that land subsidії of іnvestitsіy in osnovnі virobnichі Fondi vitrati on NDDKR, to pay pratsі that repayment of the loan, priskorenu depreciation of up to 100-hundred-hundred windfall costs for the purchase of the installation of the first river of yogo functioning). Ale on vіdmіnu іn іd Great Britain іn thе USA іlѕ аlѕо expand tо thе population, like living іn thіѕ zone. Citizens with a low level of income can receive additional assistance from the federal budget as vouchers for paying for housing, setting negative rates of income tax. In the reception areas, they can be approved in accordance with the banal national law, and the laws of other states. The scale of the field, which is the basis for the receiving zones of the staffs, is determined by the budgetary possibilities.
Zones with an extraterritorial status, or special economic zones (VEZ), nabuli have a larger wide width, lower subpriyemnitsky. The stench functions especially successfully in the new industrial countries of Pivdenno-Skhidnoy Asia, Brazil and Mexico. Call for a distinction between some of the main types of VEZ: trade, industrial and industrial production, technical support and services. As a priority zone, the stinks are most often created in economically rich and depressive regions, but behind the veneer of the simplest (trade) VEZ, their role is to go beyond the regulation of international problems. It is hoped that they will become points, poles of economic growth, which will give a tight influx to the summіzhnі territorії, tsіlі galuzі natsіonalії ekonomіki, as well as the "gates" of the region near the world markets, to secure a significant influx of foreign currency. To this criterion, the selection of the place of creation of the VEZ will be: the most important geographical position; availability of factors of production (labor and material resources) and presence of infrastructure; proximity to international shopping centers and markets.
The development of VEZ, which is oriented towards foreign capital, will require a particularly favorable investment climate, created for an additional system of benefits: tax-budgetary, financial and administrative. For skin type VEZ, a characteristic set of drugs and stimuli 5 . To the widest tax preferences one can see: more fluctuations in mit and other taxes on imports, syrovin and components, necessary for the organization of the harvesting; taxes "holidays" to pay the income of foreign investors, and in the future - a decrease in the income tax; outside chi chastkove zvіlnennya juridical vіd bіlshostі іnshih direct and indirect taxes; pay for depreciation write-offs. Financial incentives may also be of great importance: subsidies from loans and rents, lower tariffs for public services.
Investors prominently, the great richly functional VIZs are shriveled with taxable pilgrims along the lines of both the central and municipal budgets. Tse transmission of a special budgetary regime for administrative-territorial units (city, region), from which zones are changed. Mіstseva vlada is given the expansion of the budget and other innovations. When zbіgu kordonіv zony z mezhami administrative-territorial ї odinі, for example, locality, measures of the rest of the flock at once by the head of the adminіstrаtsії zony, and the city budget - the budget of the zone. The administration of the zone is directly subordinated to the sovereign department at the center, which controls the development of these zones.
In addition, with the method of speeding up the creation of zones of mystic power, such a budgetary benefit can be given, as timely utrimannya by them of global national and regional taxes that are collected on their territories. Central and regional government can also often compensate for the amount of money spent on the income of the local budget in the form of taxes and other taxes that are given to zonal enterprises. Ale, as a way of showing the success of the successfully functioning zones, the spending will more than pay off with the allowances to their budgets as a result of the global activation of the investment and the slowdown in their territories.
It is a value, as it characterizes the rozmіr zaborgovannosti in front of the subjects of pіdpriєmnitskoi іyalnostі, scho mayutnu form of government, as well as in front of mіstsevim residents. The Danish species of borg can be counted less in the national currency and may have seen the release of borgo goiters, but not reversed for an hour of all counting. Vіdpovіdno up to the chinny bill of the Russian Federation by legislation, all internal borg can be repaid at the suvoro umovlenі terms (the stink is indicated at the credit documentation). The maximum term for an internal sovereign borg cannot exceed 30 years. With this varto, it must be stated that before the agreement signed by the power and the creditor, no annual changes can be made, which are worth the hundredth rate, the line of repayment of the bill and the payment of the sixty-sixth payment.
The sovereign internal is formed from such warehouses:
1. Borrowing on loans taken from the Russian Federation in accordance with various financial regulations.
2. Goiter of the land for giving guarantees.
3. Fence of Russia from valuable papers issued by the state.
4. Borders of the country for loans and positions, directing to increase the budget and the implementation of planned social programs.
When forming articles for the state budget, obov'yazkovo are laid down, created for the redemption of borgovy goiter'yazan. Since the country does not have financial resources for taking on the goiter, the order is to carry out the procedure for consolidating the fence. To cover the budget deficit, the state allows internal positions or to carry out credit programs that were previously issued. To describe the situation in my simple terms, we can say that the internal borg of the state has the control over the budget of the country. In this way, as investors, simple hulks will act, in which the state has put aside the singing term koshti. As creditors for the state, legal entities can act, if they are registered in the territory of the Russian Federation and on the territory of the Russian Federation, they can establish their government activity.
See the forms of the internal fence of the Russian Federation
Ninі bіlya Rosії є kіlka vid_v borgovy goiter yazan, which can be zarahuvat such:
Nerinkov;
goiter, scho vinikli vnaslidok vykonannya federal budget;
rinkovі;
goiter of the power, giving at the sight of valuable papers (emissaries).
The most striking features of the internal sovereign borg can be called the following forms:
Agreements laid down by the order of the Russian Federation on the adoption of budgetary credit programs and positions;
sovereign goiter, tied from the issuance of valuable papers;
agreements, regulations of the Russian Federation with creditors, how to restructure before withdrawing credits;
agreements on goiter of the Russian Federation, tied with sovereign guarantees.
How to serve the sovereign borg
Vіdpovіdno until the Federal legislation of Russia, the service of the internal sovereign borg may be ordered by the Central Bank. In which process can take an active part and її establish, the obligations of which are regulated by the law of the Russian Federation.
The procedure for servicing the internal borg of the state is due to the coming rank: we are to blame for the removal of the borg’s goiter, after which we can take care of the cherishing of the food, as well as the redemption of the debt, as well as the conduct of all necessary payments. In order to increase the budget, the Order of the Russian Federation in 1995 praised the law, which allows you to get the money of the population, taking it away as a position, for the stabilization of the country's economy. The sum of the sovereign position at that time amounted to 10 trillion rubles (10 episodes were released for the sum).
Sovereign Borg: understand, see
Іnuvannya sovereign credit to bring before the appearance of the sovereign borg.
The sovereign borg is the sum of the state's intimidation in front of its internal and external creditors.
The total sum of the sovereign borg is accumulated from the suspice and outstanding borg's goiter of the state, followed by them, including the seen guarantees of credits, which are hoped for by foreign patrons.
Blame the Sovereign Borg:
chronic deficit of the sovereign budget;
The relocation of the pace of the growth of sovereign wealth over the pace of growth of sovereign income;
Discretionary fiscal policy is spurred to a change in tax revenue without the need for a fast pace of sovereignty;
Expansion of the economic functions of the state;
Obtaining money from non-residents in order to support the stability of the national currency;
influx of political business cycles (a world-wide increase in state power in advance of the elections in order to win popularity among the electors);
Militarization, waging wars and others.
In-line shoes- the sum of the billing amount, which is paid off in the current rotation, and the percent, which is paid in the current period, for all issues at the moment positions.
capital borg- this is the total amount of billing and expenses, which may be paid for positions.
Fallow in the sphere of accommodation, the position of the sovereign borg can be internal and external.
Inner borg- Sukupnіst goiter'yazan powers in front of the residents;
Zovnishniy borg- Sukupnіst goitre of the state before non-residents.
The solemn obligation of the internal bordering of the state can be subdivided into two parts:
1. monetization borg - the amount of money issued and unpaid borgovy goiter of the state, including the guarantees for loans that are given to foreign applicants, government authorities, state enterprises.
2. Non-monetized borg - the price of non-financial power goiters before chinny legislation (abortion from payment of pensions, scholarships, wages and other types of social payments); fouling behind state orders, giving services to state institutions and others.
The sovereign internal borg is guaranteed by all the mines that the sovereign power has.
Serving the Sovereign Borg- the whole complex of the states entering the place of placement of bonds and other valuable papers, redemption of positions, payment of hundreds of notes for them, clarification and change of minds of the redemption of issuances of positions, appointment of minds and lines of issuance of new state valuable papers.
The service of the sovereign borg is provided by the Ministry of Finance through the banking system.
To finance the cost of accommodation, the payment of income and the repayment of borgo goiters in the order Ukraine at the warehouse of the Sovereign budget, a service fund for the sovereign borg is being created. Up to which fund will be secured from 50% of the money taken from the privatization of the main state enterprises.
The value of the main sum of the state borg can exceed 60% of the actual river debt of the gross domestic product of Ukraine. At the time of the change of the boundary value of the borg Cabinet of Ministers of goiter to live in, you can change the amount of the sovereign borg to 60% and lower.
Budget code for the provision of water supply for subjects RF(municipalities):
1) the border obligation of the sovereign borg of the subject of the Russian Federation (municipality) is not guilty of overestimating the income tax of the state budget without arranging financial assistance from the budgets of other equals of the budget system;
2) the border tax on services for the service of the subject of the Russian Federation (municipality) is not guilty of overestimating 15% of the tax on taxes on the budget.
The representative body of the government may also decide on how to increase the size of the political positions for the development of investment programs, the financing of social and other approaches. For this obov'yazkovoy umovoy issue, the registration of the prospectus of the issue of valuable papers with the federal commission for the market of valuable papers of the Russian Federation. At the avenue of emisii, the positions, the terms of redemption, the use of the valuable papers and other provisions are displayed.
The repayment of the position is charged for the budgetary expenses.
In the minds of a significant sovereign borg, the power goes up to refinancing of the sovereign borg, then. repayment of fences by the way to the release of new positions
Refinancing can be won even when serving a caller board for understanding that the country's reputation in the international financial market, as well as economic and political stability, do not change doubts.
When servicing a caller and an internal board, a service coefficient is charged.
For the debtor's board, the vins are calculated as the payment of all payments from the billing to the currency requirements of the state, which is not the case.
A friendly level of service is accepted to respect the value of the service coefficient at least 25%.
The boundary lines of the state internal borg of Ukraine, its structure, and the lines of redemption are set by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine at once from the approval of the state budget of Ukraine.
Dzherela redemption zovnіshny borg:
Gold and foreign exchange reserves;
Koshti, won in the privatization of the sovereign lane;
New positions.
Stages of the process of managing the sovereign borg:
Collected cats;
Placement of pozikovyh cats;
Turning to Borg that payment of vіdsotkіv.
Methods of governing the sovereign borg:
conversion- Change of the buttock position (sound at the bottom of the lowering of the height).
Consolidation- Abbreviation of terms issued earlier.
Unification of positions- aggregation of the number of positions into one, if the bonds of the earlier issued number of positions are exchanged for bonds of a new position.
Exchange of bonds for regressive debt- As early as the issuance of bonds, they are equated to one new bond.
Position redemption line- be carried out only if the release of new positions is less than the service of the releases of earlier positions. In order to fix such a financial situation, the Order is deafening about the redemption of positions. This method is introduced in the form of consolidation, that not only the terms of redemption are transferred, but also the payment of income is charged (when consolidating the positions of the debt holders, they continue to withdraw their income).
Borg annulling- the state is forced to act in the wake of the goiter for the Borg, which can be wised up by її financial inadequacy (bankruptcy and political motives).
Serving the Sovereign Borg
The process of managing the sovereignty is the process of succesfullness, connected with the preparation for the release of the distribution of the goiter of the power, regulation of the market of the sovereign papers, servicing the redemption of the sovereign borg, and the provision of guarantees.
The management of the state's fences embraces the methods of both direct (institutional, technical, highly economical), and indirect regulation (adding to the macroeconomics of microeconomic important management of the people's state).
Under the rulers of the sovereign borg, the sensitized mind is shaped by one of the direct economic policies of the state, which will act like a leader. This process includes: - the formation of the sovereign policy of the Borg; designation of the main directives and goals influx on micro- and macroeconomic indications; the establishment of the possibility and additional financial support for the work of the sovereign borg of the imperial power programs and other nutrition related to the strategic management of the sovereign borg; vstanovlenya between fences.
Under the management of the borg, the narrow sensi is aware of the succession of calls, which are related to the issuance of and placement of sovereign borg's crops, services, repayments and refinancing of the derzhborg, as well as to the regulation of the market of sovereign valuable papers.
p align="justify"> The process of governing a sovereign borg, both for a broad one and for a narrow one, is influenced by a systemic approach and signifies the richly planned nature of the regulation of an essential fence. At its core, the system management of the borg is impossible without a clear classification of the fence.
Serving the derzhborg was due to the redistribution of income from the country. To redeem the borg, you can victorious over the assets of the state, privatizing the sovereign power. Іnshiy pіdkhіd pіdkhіd pov'yazaniya іz zbіlshennyam dovіdіv budzhіv v slyakhom rasshlennya baza podatkuvannya. The service load is transferred to payers in taxes. The CPU credits can become one more dzherel repayment to Borg. Prote for the minds of an independent in the order of the head bank of the country to win an emissary for a short-term borg is even easier. Serving a foreign borg actually means legally liberating capital, which is supposed to be in line with the balance of payments, so as to redistribute a part of the national income through the budgetary tax and a penny-credit system at the expense of non-residents.
Financing the budget deficit with the help of internal resources is also responsible for the development of the national economy. The expansion of the domestic borg means the growth of parts of the state behind the financial market. It can lead to competition for resources on the domestic financial market, an increase in the hundredth rate and a decrease in the capitalization of the private price paper market. In addition, investments are rushing, shards are being lost by unrealized investment projects with profitability, which do not exceed the amount that is paid for the sovereign valuable papers at once from the premium for the risk.
The cost of servicing the sovereign board of the Russian Federation in 2010 is predicted to be 304.0 billion US dollars. Vіdsotkovі payments (servicing of the state and municipal borg) in sіchі 2010r. folded 17.1 billion rubles, their contribution to the federal budget was 2.6%.
Problems of managing the sovereign borg
To resolve the problems of the federal budget, it is necessary to develop a strategic program for managing the sovereign borg as a warehouse borg of the Russian Federation. At Cyoma can not do not go to Ekonyvati, Shaho in Econitsky, Scho Soviet, at Stadian Ekonіkiynaya Zrostinnya Borg Borg Zdіysnuyuyu Vіdpovyuly to Temper GDP GDP, RESERIVE SPIA SEETING EKONIKI, FATKOVO BAZY, AND IN SINGLE CHILDREN'S CHILDREN'S DIVERS trivial terms for positioning costs.
The strategy of managing the sovereign borg is to be based on the improvement of the dynamics of the borg with the pace of economic growth and the reduction in costs for yogo service. Dotrimanya tsikh minds, sing, allow zbіlshennyam zbіlshennyam zapozitshennya zberіgatny stavlennâ sovereign borg to GDP approximately one equal, not allowing situations, if vіn bіn borg starts to negatively invest in the economy. The main problems that are considered in the process of reviewing nutrition about new positions are the effectiveness of the position, the determination of the allowable expansions and the risks of their coverage, the assessment of the impact of the position on the social and economic development.
Wash the current economy, the need for the formation of a special strategic monitoring program and the management of the sovereign borg, including the positions of the subjects of the Russian Federation and the bodies of the mass self-regulation. At the same time, there can be security monitoring of the current blocking of banks and businesses. The complexity of the problem lies in the fact that the sovereign borg is diverse, and these elements will require specific regulatory mechanisms with different financial instruments. A lot of warehouses may have a high level of insignificance and require special analysis for the selection of the most effective methods of regulation.
The strategic program of servicing and repayment of the state borg can be used with the methods of managing the state budget by the government, by increasing the deficit and regulating the global economic situation in the country.
The borg control program has the following message:
ѕ balancing of taxable and non-taxable incomes in the budget and emіsіynoї diyalnostі with the scopes of the sovereign borg, yogo dynamics with the method of stabilization and possible change of the deerborg, nasamper zvnіshny;
ѕ go to the restructuring of the sovereign board and the annulment of it by creditors;
feasibility of refinancing the state's blocking;
¾ change in the cost of servicing the state board with the improvement of the inflationary value of the main amount of the board and the cost of the service;
dzherela currency for redemption and maintenance of foreign debt;
ѕ speedy state witrats;
control over the positions of subjects of the Russian Federation;
ѕ control over the positions of the subjects of the state.
The fate of the Bank of Russia in the service of the foreign bank is more importantly passive in relation to the formation of foreign exchange reserves, the development of foreign exchange policy and the exchange rate policy of the ruble. The security of the stability of the national currency is important to be implemented at the borders of the regulated foreign exchange market.
Independence of the institutional basis of the sovereign positions, signifying a significant world of negative trends in this sphere, is manifested in seemingly low environments, in the middle - the system of centralization, which was formed, in one department of the functions of the sovereign position, including all stages Z'ednannya in one financial center of various mechanisms and instruments of financial flows with an one-hour run-in and control functions carried serious damage to the designation of the sphere. Virіshennya problemi vidіlennya funktsіy Reigning zapozichen, vklyuchayuchi OAO All strukturnі Elements Process, zokrema viznachennya strategії Reigning zapozichen, efektivnostі that obslugovuvannya zovnіshnіh yak, so i vnutrіshnіh borgіv in ob'єkt schodo samostіynogo upravlіnnya Je bunt zavdannyam in sferі pіdvischennya efektivnostі іnstitutu Reigning zapozichen that zapobіgannya zagrozam national security.
sovereign borg - tse the sum of the fencing of the country to one’s own and (or) foreign legal, physical persons, orders of other countries. The sum is accumulated from the total amount of accumulated budget deficits (for the elimination of budget surpluses) and the sum of financial gains to foreign creditors (for the elimination of that part, as it went to cover the budget deficit) on the same date. In the rozvinenye kraina, the sovereign borg is also signed as a solemn obligation of outstanding sovereign bonds. Distinguish between the inner and outer borg. Inner borg - tse borg power for the population, subjects of the state of their own land. Vіn porodzhuєtsya budgetary deficits, їkhnіm borgovim finansuvannyam. The greater economy argues that the growth of the internal borg cannot be brought to the bankruptcy of the nation, but the borg itself is the shards. In addition, the state is always able to pro-finance by way of raising tax rates, issuing pennies, and refinancing. Zovnishniy borg - tse fencing physical, legal persons, orders of other powers. Pid services to the sovereign (municipal) borg finance operations are discussed with payment of income for the state and municipal goiters at the sight of the remittances for them or a discount, yak zdiyasnyuyutsya for the cost of living expenses of the state budget. The service of borgo goiters in the Russian Federation is provided by the Bank of Russia, a credit organization and another specialized financial organization. Come to the service of the sovereign borg. The main ones include:
· Pay creditors;
· Giving guarantees;
· Redemption of internal / external positions;
· Appointment of minds from the release of that placement of new goiters and yazan and іn.
The effectiveness of the appointments of the entrances to lie in the form of priming of the praised decisions. Vaughn, in my own hands, is grounded on the relay analysis of the structure and obliges the government, the objective assessment of the flow will become more positive.
The service of the sovereign borg of the subject and municipalities is planned later on a grand scale. Koshtoris is confirmed by the law on the state budget. The boundary tax on the service of the sovereign borg for showing signs of the cost of revenue-raising budget items for the winter period cannot be higher for 15% of the tax on the budget. At rozrahunok, with whom, they do not take witrati, which are charged for the rahunok of subventions
Serving the Sovereign Borg to enter from: Madness. Won transferring the security of the exact and timely repayment of crops to investors and creditors without showing off additional minds. Uzgodzhenosti. It conveys the maximum harmonization of the interests of the creditor and the applicant. Oneness of appearance. In the course of management and service to the derzhborg, all kinds of papers, issued (released) by state bodies, regional structures and municipalities are responsible. Unity of credit policy. There is a transfer of stosuvannya of a single income at the same time as management and service to the side of the center of the city of Moscow region and regions. Change of risks. The financial policy is to include all the necessary inputs to reduce the risk of creditors, investors, and the borrower himself. Glasnosti. Usі zatsіkavleni koristuvachі povinnі svoєchasno otrimuvat ponu that veritable іnformatsiyu pro poses.
Optimality. It is to blame for the formation of such a system of holdings, for which the repayment of zdiisnyuvatyutsya with minimal risks. With any operation, the mother is responsible for the least negative impact on the economy.
The concept of balancing the state budget. Stabilization fund and its macroeconomic significance.
Explain three concepts.
1) The first concept is based on the fact that the budget is to be blamed for a lot of balances. Large-scale balancing of the budget aggravates the economic cycle. Income population fall. Submissions to the budget will automatically shortly. Pragnuchi constantly balance the budget, the state can either raise tax rates, or speed up the state vitrati, or win over two days. At the end of all these visits, there will be even more fast drinking. In another way, you can show how smartly balancing the budget can stimulate inflation. In times of inflation, in times of increased penny income, taxes are automatically increased. In order to save the future redistribution of income over witrats, a number of such visits can be made: either reduce the rate of taxes, or increase the ranks of the vitrati, or win the victory over these two visits. It dawned on me that the last of these will come to strengthen the inflationary pressure of the economy. 2) Another concept is based on the fact that the budget is to blame for balances in the course of the economic cycle, and not for the skin. For example, inflation is coming, the order is increasing tributes and the order is vitrati. A positive balance to the budget, which is to be blamed on this basis, may be vikoristane on cover, which is the fault of the recession. In this way, the order is to carry out a positive anti-cyclical policy and balance the budget overnight, not on a random basis, but for a period of time. And yet, in this concept of the budget, there is a key problem, as it is believed that the fall and fall in the economic cycle can be different for depth and trivality.
3) The third concept is related to the idea of functional finance. Vіdpovіdno to tsієї ideії nutrition about zbalansovanіst budget - on a side-by-side or on a cyclical basis - another row. The cob method of federal finance is the provision of non-inflationary new employment, so that the economy is balanced, and not the budget.
Stabilization Fund- Tse surplus (surplus) of the state budget; revisiting yoga dohodіv over vitrata. As a matter of fact, vin maє labor trip. In some countries, the Stabilization Fund plays a role in revenues from the export of oil and gas (Russia), in others - revenues from the export of oil (Venezuela, Norway), in others (Chile) - revenues from the export of foreign countries. The very phenomenon of that term was taken from foreign practice. The genesis of the stabilization fund can be traced back to the practice of some foreign countries in the last quarter of the twentieth century. Stabilization fund in foreign countries vikoristovuetsya:
As an instrument of the mid-stroke, and in the rich regions of the pre-state financial policy, to deposit in the form of stream prices on natural resources;
As a tool for shaping the strategy of the state in the implementation of the problems of future generations;
With the method of forming the capital assets of the country, you can see the increase in the amount of money from the per cent income.
1. The Stabilization Fund allows the powers to pay hourly for their external and internal needs.
2. The size of the Stabilization Fund contributes to the growth of the sovereign credit rating of the country, and, as a result, to the growth of the investment privability of the country, which can cause an influx of direct foreign investment in the country.
3. The creation of the fund of future generations is dependent on the social aspect of the policy of the state, and we accept the decrease in social tension among the population and the unrest of the population in the "tomorrow".
4.Great expansion of the stabilization fund to promote the economic independence of the state, which also contributes to the state's current policy.
Let's look at the above-mentioned problems and understand the shortcomings, risks and other problems related to the creation and functioning of stabilization funds. The most important thing is, obviously, the food for saving penny dollars of funds and their multiplication. As there is no effective investment of these costs, the blame is legally supported: now the economy is losing a significant part of financial resources (for this reason, it is not necessary to fight against inflation).
The world's economic science and practice has two main approaches to creating stabilization (reserve) financial funds:
1) one group of economists is aware that stabilization funds in principle are not needed and their creation is critical for the economy;
2) another group of fahivtsіv dotremuetsya thoughts that the economy needs the so-called "safety cushion" in view of the stabilization (reserve) funds, so as to smooth out the injection of factors, as a negative impact on the economy.
Looking at the theoretical foundations, the Stabilization Fund has the following functions:
1) accumulative;
2) rozpodіlnu;