In our time, in the whole world of the middle youth, and not only, there are signs of a cycle of trends: downshifting, inflow of civilization and rethinking of traditional values. People all over the world begin to live more freely, listen to themselves, their luck and follow their own dreams. At the same time, it becomes similar to the naming scale of that significance, the revolution of light. I, like and be-like a light and meaningful process, cement mentally vibrating so little of its coils. You can boldly say that the beatniks were back to back. Why? It becomes wiser, as if to guess the history of the revolution of the beatniks and evaluate it by pouring into the present.

Who are the beatniks

The beatniks are a subculture that originated in the forties of the last century in America. Jack Kerouac and Alan Ginsberg were mastodons and literary representatives. On the back of the beatniks - this is the name of the “beaten” generation of young people at forty years, like the “spent generation” of the first light Remarque. Under the beatniks, young people were wised up, as they flowed into traditional ambushes, and navited into the “American dream”. The stench did not reduce the joy of bringing the cob of war, then they were glad, if it ended. They didn’t want to live according to the university-robot-sim scheme, they wanted to know the sense of a careless life. Changed robots, constantly moved from month to month, rarely made friends and more often had children. The stinks were skunks.

Long way to vyznannya

The American society in the ages was not ready to accept such a way of life, and the beatniks were not loved anymore. Until then, through those who beatniks among the first raised a protest against the traditional way of life, the stench, not knowing the taste of the soothing, the Daedals were more drunk with alcohol and drugs. It can be boldly said that the beatniks are the collapse of the society, a sign of those who need renewal, the revolution of light. In America, there have been a few dozens of years.

Style clothes hipster

Like any other subculture, the beatniks have a special style of clothing. One of the main attributes of the hipster was the black light (bob'yazkovo with a high neck on the "turtleneck" kshtalt) and bere, also white T-shirts without a baby were allowed. It is not uncommon to wear two bongo drums - as a symbol of the culture of the black population. Pevnoi zachіski hipster not mav, ale hair was more important than dovge (approximately to the shoulders and may be straight), dressed in black colors. Most often a hipster wearing dark, impenetrable eyepieces.

Human hipster style

A cream of black color for both articles is characterized by a coat of clothing for a husband and a cassock with a hood. For people, one of the attributes was also the “goat beard”. To the widest of the bellies were the zvichayn shkiryan chobots.

Clothes of a female beatnik

The girls wore black, but again, tights and make-up similar to the tone. For women, stats were characterized by leotards, svetry (knitted zokrema), long-sleeve, capri.

Injecting hipster style into today's fashion

It is noteworthy that the hipsters' style is shaking on the molding of the wardrobe ready. Fifty years later, the wines will again become relevant - the American designer Marc Jacobs (brand "Marc Jacobs") in 2008 presented the autumn collection of clothes inspired by the fashion of the 50s and 60s. Before Jacobs, the popularization of the image of the beatniks was done by the French fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent (brand Yves Saint Laurent).

Beatniks and hipsters

Bit-culture has become the basis for such subcultures like hippie and hipster. Radyansk dandies, vanillas, as well as zahadni and Russian emo - the fall of the beatniks already in the third generation. The skin subcultures have their own ideology - the dudes went against the ubiquitous censorship of the Radyansk, they stood up for the freedom to express emotions, come in - trouble, and Russia - joy. Obviously, then the culture of emo in Russia was twisted, mainly for calculus, and became more similar to the culture of self-tip, but the turns are still among the beatniks - obviously the expression of emotions was considered obscene and unremarkable, the expression of their protest is also its own.

Russian hipsters and beatniks

One of the widest subcultures in Russia is hipsters. Juveniles from 15 to 30 years of age read books about the rise in price and self-development, reflecting on their news on Twitter, wearing lanterns and eyepieces in plastic frames and sharing their feelings at quiet little caves and alternative cafes. Hipsters can read a lot, naskilki can rise in price a lot and actively express themselves. In the beatniks of their minds, the conformity and acceptance of traditional values ​​is great. Most of the hipsters are diligently ending the universities, and they are doing this. The stench of good vbudovuyutsya in suspіlstvo, hoch i vіdіznyayutsya their own thoughts and way of life.

Hipster in our hour

Hipster in Russia

Tsіkavo, in the rest of the hour, and even from the middle of the 2000s to the present day, the culture of the beatniks is becoming popular again in Russia, and it’s comedy, that a significant part of the people don’t suspect about it and don’t know about the beatniks. The prototype of the way of life of the beatniks penetrates the modern culture and adds more adepts.

The success of the "Supernatural" and yoga links from the beaten culture

With a kind of ear of the beatniks' revival, you can count on 2005, if on the 13th of spring on The WB in America the premiere of the series Nadprirodna was premiered. Two young people drive around America in a black Chevrolet Impala 1967, live in hotels, live in a new one, and sometimes in their own car. The way of life of Sema and Dina Winchester is not so important as to occupy them (polyuvannya on the trash), however, becoming a wine, for which the series fell in love with a significant part of the viewing audience in Russia. Young people, especially hipsters, are terrified of living behind a songful scenario, let slugs through the doors on the marvelous help of brothers. You can put the question "What are the beatniks here for?" — And the reasoning is quite simple: and the way of life of the main characters, and to name them, were similar to Jack Kerouac's novel "At the Road".

Injecting a bit of culture into today's Russian juveniles

This novel, before the speech, was screened in 2012, and the film was awarded the Golden Palm for directing, as well as the ambiguous, but the gurgling reaction of the viewers. After the screening of the novel, Russia again showed interest in Kerouac and beat culture, even in a modern way. Young people started literally vtіkati vіd tsivіlіzatsії that system.

On the Internet, go anonymous stories about girls and young people, who were educated or rehabilitated from universities, graduates or graduates from work, which will rise in price absolutely without a penny in all of Russia, or even in the whole world. Deyakі їzdat hitchhiking from Moscow to Vladivostok, htoє will own a small single yacht and merge into the ocean from St. Petersburg to America. There are more such stories in the river Daedalus.

Miska Russian juveniles with a splash of beat-culture

That and in the places of posterigaєtsya tsіkava trend. Young people finish universities, but they don’t hurry to start a career and start a family, but when the price rises, they survive on short-time earnings. Deyakі navіt live near cars. Deyakі just practice here and there, not looking out of place, but not jumping to start “grown-up” life. In part, it’s due to the economy that it’s possible to bring down the depressive indulgence on some future, but on the other hand, it’s possible to say with confidence: the foundation of freedom itself and self-knowledge is ruined by Russian uninhabited people.

Hipsters are on the way.

At the entrance to the culture of the beatniks, it became almost like a cicava. Vona moved to live in a fox and wild nature. All the same in the same time in the system, but now it’s not already more expensive than the mainland, but the whole commune in the mountains and on the banks. The very word beatnik is no longer called such people, but they are called downshifters, but the essence of the phenomenon is one and the same.

Usі global zmіni rozpochinayutsya z protest. The versatility of subcultures in the twentieth century is nothing else, as an indicator of the need for such vines. The impersonal subcultures and bureaucrats, and the beatniks, are one of the most beautiful ones. From these statutes you found out about the ruins of the beatniks, yogo іstorіyu that poured into the present and about those who collapsed with them on the cob. Be free and happy, zreshtoyu, over that varte!

Counterculture

Counterculture - in a wide sense - a type of subculture that reveals the values ​​and norms of panivnoy in a given culture culture and represents its own alternative culture. The counterculture signifies such a subculture, as if it were simply to stand up to the dominating culture, but to resist, to overcome conflicts with pan values.

The blame of the counterculture is true - the phenomenon is quite simple and wide. The dominating culture, which resists the counterculture, is only a part of the symbolic expanse of this society. Vaughn is not good enough to capture all the diversity of phenomena.

It is necessary to note that in contemporary culturology and sociology the understanding of counterculture is victorious in two senses: in order to understand the socio-cultural attitudes, to oppose the fundamental principles, as in a specific culture, and in a different way, it is ottozhnyuєєy - 70th years, which was critically posed to the current culture, and it was like a “culture of the fathers”. The concept of "counterculture" vindicated the Western literature of the 1960s, which gave a liberal assessment of the early hippies and beatniks. The word to be given to the American sociologist Theodore Rozzak.

hipster

3.1. Stan Miru at the time of the birth of the counterculture

The war was well implemented even before the US came to the conflict. Shards of the United States were prepared to fight, Roosevelt was told about those who were guilty of a similar world of war. September 6, 1941 having spoken to the members of Congress with a promo, which has gone down in American history as a mow about “chotiri freedom”: freedom of speech and freedom, freedom of the skin person to worship God in this way, which wine he himself takes, freedom in translating the language to the understanding of all means such a short-term escapism in the whole world, so that the state would not be able to commit an act of physical aggression against anyone of its own susides”).

As a counterpoint to quiet idealistic military goals, most Americans fought for the concept of that good life, as the stench remembered at home. thank you for a piece of blueberry pie!”.

America is trying to test its new atomic bomb.

The first bomb, a uranium sling, named "Little Boy", was dropped on Hiroshima 1945 on the 6th sickle (killing 70,000 people and injuring 70,000). Three days later 2 Fat Man pluton bombs fell on Nagas00.

The last Cold War, the Truman Doctrine, the founding of NATO in 1949, the expansion of power in the order, try to push through social reform, the discrimination of "colored" (shops "only for the white" only), discrimination of Latin Americans, the struggle of women for the equality of articles. ... so looking at the world at that hour.

In such minds, the conception of a bitnichesva, a “broken generation” was born, which revealed the traditional morality and the radically accepted social values ​​of the Puritan and conservative supremacy.

3.2. Zachatya Bita

John Charardi in his famous statute: “We crush the Epitaph”, explaining the mass success of the beatniks, writing that “young people have everything to rebel against our American self-satisfaction. Today, to get up on the first day, on the eighth day, to be at the time table, on the fifth, to turn around home, and marvel at the purchases on the television, - such a way of life can hardly calm down a young person. .

Beatniks heroized spontaneity, Zen, marijuana, peyote, gin and kava, wildly expensive cars; life below, pitiless honesty at the converted private feelings on the suspіlne.

"Trevtno, the schob was commanded by the mandrivniki with the backpacks, the yaki vіd. Spirit ", Roboti, Vobronitvva, Spirit, in front of me, the Grandeni Bachenni Ryukzati Revolution, Tysyachi I have a malei fellow Americans to shy to the backs, I have a good time, the old people have a good old. happy, all the stinks - Goddess of Zen, walking and stacking heads that blame their heads just like that, without any reason; .

Bitnitstvo took shape like aggressively lashing out ideological grouping, like choking on Zen Buddhism, practicing the art of meditation, experimenting with psychedelics, doing crazy things and (what more importantly) thinking. If you add a protest (active protest) against the American modern politics, the American "suspended thought" and "suspended morality", as well as against the holy of holies - the American way of life, then you can understand why the intellectuals are protesting.

3.3. name

"beat", in the original street victorian: "vicerpany", "in the days of the world", "what are you joking about", "sleepless", "naїvny", "penetrating", "with suspіlstvom", "on your own", "hot" , "sweet".

Jack Kerouac, using the phrase "Beat Generation" in 1948, used his social circle to characterize the underground, non-conformist youth who are getting along with New York; The name originated in a conversation with novelist John Clellon Holmes (having seen an early novel about beatniks, the titles "Go", in 1952, following the New York Times Magazine's manifesto: "This is the beat generation"). The "beat" was introduced into the group by Herbert Hunk, wanting Kerouac to expand the meaning of the term. The other appointments, discussed by Holmes and Kerouac, were “found” and “furtive” (hoaxing, hidden; inevitable).

The term "beatnik" was coined by Herb Kahn in the "Chronicles of San Francisco" on April 2, 1958. "It is possible to pro-communist."

Tse, perhaps, was the name of Kahn to portray the “Bit of the Generation” as anti-Americans. Against Kahn's term, Allen Ginsberg wrote in The New York Times to denounce the "rude word beatnik," commenting, "As beatniks and not illuminated Beat sing reminiscent of the country, they will not be created by Kerouac, but by the mass communications industry, yak continue to wash people's hands."

The new term Kana has become popular and has become a popular label, which is associated with a new stereotype of people with goat beards and berets who play bongos, like women, in black leggings, dance.

3.4. History

Rukh beatniks in the past few stages: primary birth (40s), development (end of the 40s - beginning of the 50s), formation (end of the 50s), rise (at the turn of the 50s - 60s), and also the so-called "post-snuvannya" (60 years).

The beatniks were a group of literary people - a group of young writers and poets, who did not accept the aesthetic attitudes of "official" art. The first writers of the "Beat Generation" studied in New York: Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, William S. Burrows, (1948) and later (1950) Gregory Corso.

The central positions (with Burroughs's vindication) were taken together from San Francisco in the mid-1950s, they got together and became friends with the scribes associated with the San Francisco Renaissance, such as Kenneth Rexcourt, Heri Snyder, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Michael McClure , Philip Wallen, Harold North, Lew Welch, and Kirby Doyle. There, the stench hit a lot of other poets, like they migrated to San Francisco, because the reputation of the new center of creativity is not enough.

In 1953, Lawrence Ferlinghetti sang on the cob, starting to see a small magazine called "City Lights" ("Lights of the Great Place", an allusion to Chaplin's famous film), and two rocks later to Columbus, the central street of San Francisco, while seeing the book , where the first books of beatniks began to be sold, the most famous of them - a collection of prose fragments, such as the novella and meditation by Jack Kerouac "At the Road" (1957) and Allen Ginsberg's poem "Scream" (1955).

3.5. drugs

The classic members of the Battle of the Covenant - as Allen Ginsberg said, "a lot of freethinkers" - victoriously played the impersonal drugs.

In addition to alcohol, which is so important in American life, the stench also sloshed with marijuana, benzedrine, and in some cases, opiates, a type of morphine. In an hour, many of them started victorious psychedelic drugs like mescaline, yagi (also known as Ayahuasca), and LSD.

Most of this choice can rightly be called "experimental", often the stench was inflamed with the effects of these drugs, so were the intellectual aspects of their interest in drugs and simply re-examining the hedonistic sleep.

3.6. homosexuality

Крім інших якостей, різко виділяли битників серед міської буржуазії і навіть серед, здавалося б, близької їм творчої та університетської інтелігенції, була їхня відкрита сексуальність, причому не стільки гетеросексуальність, скільки гомосексуальність, на що в США в ті роки було накладено фактично табу. Homosexuality is the law, at every time, regardless of the rich reforms in the zahodnomu suspіlstі, yogo was seen as not only a sin, but also a malice.

3.7. music

Jazz and blues for the beatniks has become the main cultural support - one of the ideologists of the beatniks John Arthur Maynard, speaking about jazz in such terms, like "new order" and "private". Mova was mostly about bop, who appeared not long before the beatniks themselves and made his way to the stage through the air of critical thoughts, which poured on his left side: one of the critics, Winthorpe Sargent, for example, writing, sho, movlyav, like Negro children play good music like Beethoven, play their barbarian pipes and listen more academically. So the axis, bop zrobiv vykonavtsya mayzhe with a sacred figure, and giving the beatniks such an understanding, like self-sufficiency in that spontaneity.

3.8. Literature

The beatniks gravitated towards plotlessness, free verse, metaphorical mov, shocking vocabulary, impressionism and naturalness of descriptions. Bit of urges on slow rhythms, long-term cunning phrases without interruption for a breath.

The beats followed their hot calls. Kerouac wrote the famous words in Dorosi's novel: “The only people for me are divine, divine life, divine speak, divine but be vryatovannym ... like you want to mother everything in a row, like you don’t dare and don’t speak vulgarities, but burn, burn , burn, like Kazakh Roman candles, which swell with spiders in the middle of the night. The novel itself was written in three days in a benzedrine-free caffeine-benzedrine chad on a 147-meter roll of paper without a proper mark.

"The first thought is the best," - such was Ginsberg's rule.

Burroughs actively writes by the cut-up method, about which writer is known from his friend, poet and artist, Brion Gysin. Tsya tekhnіka leaves are first propagated by dadaists in 20 years, but Burroughs is still transforming. The essence of the writing method is simple. In all his trips, Burroughs is not separated by a letter, baptized into three columns. I write down various facts about those who seem to be around, snippets of phrases, dialogues; in a friend - special attacks, thoughts, guess; nareshti, third revenge quotes from books, read in the whole hour. Vlasne, from tsikh columns and a book is being mounted. Tilki, on the vіdmіnu vіd dadaїstіv, Burroughs even scrupulously approached the arrangement of small pieces and further editing of the text. Finally, a quote from Burroughs himself:

“A person is reading a newspaper, and he looks like a column in a reasonable Aristotelian manner - thought after thought, phrase after phrase. Ale pіdsvіdomo vіn read і columns, roztashovanі z boіv, and so svіdomlyuє presence of the seated arm of the companion. Axis to you and narіzka.

“The poetry of the twentieth century, like all the sciences, transferred the center of gravity to further experimentation with this very material, which is out of the ordinary. Shards, whether a person is deep in his mind, that all the strife and all the truth in the end of the rahunka will be saved. ..come soon, we can reach ... see the power of destruction, those who lie at the coil of truth, and that means - the words themselves ... and that means, vikoristovuvat radically zasib - completely usunennya zmistu. - Allen Ginsberg, "Indian Schodeniki".

“There is no such reason, through the yak, whether a row is guilty of starting over the left margin of the side. її zlіtaє all lushpinnya, showing її form, if one association is connected with another, with stripes-strings, which indicate the links and expand between speeches-thoughts, lamania syntax, to show the kolvannya that failures in thoughts - BUT GRAPHIC Rukh to the mind ... It’s simpler, lower despotic form of the sonnet, even if a person doesn’t think for the help of the dialectically caught forms of the quatrain, or the sysnetic forms of the sonnet: but our thought is pracyuє, vikoristovuyuchi blocks vіdchuttіv ta obrazіv. - Allen Ginsberg, "Indian Schodeniki".

3.9. Buddhism is the religion of Bita

Buddhism, a long-standing and super-philosophical Asian tradition, the religion of Bita. Vin began to mingle with the lives of leading New York Beat authors in the mid-1950s, when Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg began to chime in on him. Kerouac and Ginsberg made their jokes while reading books in the libraries, and if the stench migrated to California, they began to introduce Buddhism into life (the main rank of Zen), inspired by Heri Snyder (a beatnik, the most popular of Buddhism) and Kenneth Rexcourt.

Buddhism will change the life of anyone who starts to understand yoga, and all robots, like Kerouac, having written after the middle of the fifties, especially “Dharmi Tramps” and “Big Sur”, can be interpreted as Buddhist parables. Ginsberg's robots - recognized no less a splash of Buddhist thought.

3.10. Spadshchina

Ginsberg characterizes the deeds from the essence of the effects of the creative Bit-ruh in the following terms:

· Spiritually liberated, sexual "revolution" or "volunteer", that is gay volitional, deshcho catalyzing zhіnoche voluntarily, volitional blacks, activity of Siroy Panteri.

· Zvіlnennya words vіd censorship.

· Demistification and/or decriminalization of hashish and other drugs.

· The evolution of rhythm and blues into rock-n-roll as a high artistic form, as a mark of the Beatles, Bob Dylan, those other popular musicians who have been inspired in the past by fifty and sixty poets and writers of Beat.

· Broadening the environmental awareness, supported by Hery Snyder and Michael McClure, understanding "The Fresh Planet."

· Opposition to the military-industrial machine civilization, like it was given to the robots of Burroughs, Hank, Ginsberg and Kerouac.

· Respect to the fact that Kerouac called (after Spangler) "another religion" that develops in the midst of advanced civilization.

· Turning to a high assessment of individuality against sovereign single-mandate.

· Povaga to the earth and the mystic peoples that istot, as Kerouac voiced at Yogo extinguished "At Dorozi": "The earth is an Indian thing."

Cinematography.

The chaotic spontaneity of Robert Altman, as it turns out, is rich in goiter to Bat, just like the black-and-white meditation of Jim Jarmusch and the sprit of non-affecting Richard Linklater's film "Lodir". And the skin of the road cinema, from the bright and the primal (Thelma and Luisa, Schos Dike) to the inert ones (California), the slaves go to the picaresque "At Dorozi".

"Burrows is one of my pages," says screenwriter/director Gus Van Sant. -- “If I have broken through three completed scenarios and eaten them in my computer, so that I can My Own Private Idaho, - tse same those who have grown bi vin. Seems like magic: so like throwing heads into the urn, and then we’ll pull them out one by one. This method allows the omnipotence to dictate to you, and not to your wet mind.

Literature.

In literature, although it is marvelous, it is easy to know the successors of Bata. The Museum of Vitni recognizes, for example, Paul Bitti as "a young poet, who was formed under the influence of beat culture." But Bitty himself declares: "Rukh did not spit on me." Sparrow also sings charms. “I pratsyuvav, schob rebel,” - say wine. - “Clearness and clarity, and not their style, what a delusion. But all the editors tell me that I need to be beaten. Maybe stink and make a walk; also, maybe, a beatnik of the third generation. Tse zhahlivaya part. For today's poets, Ron Colm (UN Innocent)), it is necessary to "cleanse the overworldly sluggish mental expanse of the Beaters, troch tell daddy" - as the Beatrs themselves did, having waved literary modernism at jazz.

The beat was a great splash on Rock and Roll, including headlines such as The Beatles, Bob Dylan and Jim Morrison. The image of the rebellious rock star is rich in what is similar to the image of Beat. The axis of the kіlka prikladіv їkh privetnostі to Rock-n-roll and other forms of pop culture:

· One of the reasons why, through the yak "the Beatles" they called the letter "a" ("beetles") those who John Lennon used to be Kerouac's shaker.

· Bob Dylan knows that even Kerouac and Ginsberg have a lot of goiter, like his own hallucinatory language, and in an unimportant way repeat doubles for an hour of recording.

Jim Morrison calls Kerouac the most important freak. So I'm learning the poetry of Ferrenghetti.

· Ginsberg was a friend, and Cassidy was a member of Ken Keese's Merry Pranksters (literary commune), as well as a member of the rock band the Grateful Dead.

3.10. Spadshchina

· Ginsberg worked with the punk band The Clash. Burroughs worked with the bands "Sonic Youth" ("The beatniks pushed us too hard in the sensational joy of manipulating me," - guitarist Sonic Yut Le Ranaldo. modern life."), "R.E.M.", Kurt Cobain (Kurt Cobain released a CD with William Burroughs, punks shrugged in front of him (Patti Smith put yoga "mountain, order with the Pope")), "Ministry", and others .

· Bono in "U2" talking about Burroughs as if he were a head brat, Burroughs bluntly appeared in one of "U2" videos.

· The term heavy metal was first used in Burroughs's 1964 novel Express to Nadnova.

3.11. Post-Isnuvannya and Wisnovka

The beatniks took on a high chord, their protesting voices were so loud, so poignant, that they sounded like a falsetto. The stench could propagate their generation with only one way to fight against the suspense, which the stench drove out to itself, - in the "other sphere", in Zen Buddhism, in the "radical evil" (J. Kerouac), zukhvalo-navmisnu homosexuality and drugs (W. Burroughs, who voted that "the shortest way out tse way out") ...

"I am a little like, like im'ya Kerouac, it looks like a symbol of more expensive, like a symbol of living life, like it's out there," says the artist Jack Pearson, whose photographs and bricolages of images of road mantras and sumptuous motels. - "Yak and Kerouac, I think that my art on the wall is just a mailing list of life, like a real art." Prote, Pirson clarifies, “in front of me, I don’t want to sit and read this book.”

The beatniks won a triumph not like literature, but like a fuse metaphor... well.

It is easy to interpret the flooring for those who are in the middle: wine - become a witness. Vin does not recall in the memory of everyday physical objects, but our culture perceives everything visually (we believe that the beatniks were recognized in a right way, like the movie Coppoli looks on the screen).

The beatniks themselves actually jumped to the point of being in the center of respect. Those who Burroughs appeared in Nike commercials, those who Ginsberg sold his archives (including a beard trim and a pair of old tennis slippers) to Stanford University for about $ 1 million, and those who Kerouac traded at literary conferences, scientific studies us. “Imovirno, everything that is left behind ... there are no more anecdotes, there are some viparous ones, that sprat of serious robots, as if they were all the same crushed into the world,” wrote John Clellon Holmes. - We paid for the praise to christen ourselves to "generations".

In the 50s of the last century, a new cultural and literary movement secured a significant role in the minds of Americans. The movement of the beatniks was by no means so numerous, as a generation or other trends were used, and even yogo, influencing the cultural status, it was not the most similar among competing groups. In the first years after the Other Svitovskaya Vіyni, there was a cardinal destruction in the deep-social education. In the world of that, having overwhelmed America with a post-war economic boom, a lot of students began to put under pressure such an immeasurable exercise of materialism. Ruh hipster becoming a product of tsikh sumn_v_v. In today's capitalism, the stench blew a threat to the human spirit and social equality. In addition to their dissatisfaction with the culture of the settlement, the beatniks stood up against the humiliating litter and irritability of their generation. Taboo, straightened out by the discussion of human sexuality, the stench looked like it was unhealthy and potentially shaky. In the world of literature and art, the beatniks took up opposition to the dogless, practically sterile, formalism of the era of modernism. The stench was filled with vociferous, direct and expressive literature. Most of the cultural creations of the beatniks crossed the line of what was permitted, and censorship often vetoed them. A lot of people include the literature of the beatniks from the category of serious fiction, showing for an hour that the cultural decline of the beat generation appeared to be more pre-war, and that it was more large-scale.

First steps

The founders of the beat-generation got stuck in Columbia University on the cob of the 40s. Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg for a long time became the locomotives of this cob group of like-minded people, until Lucian Carr, John Clellon Holmes and Neil Kessidі also became the locomotives. Gregory Corso became the first beatnik poet, such as Ginsberg. Irrespective of their anti-science, or rather anti-academic, homemade, all beat-generations were fully illuminated and looked like from the middle classes. Sam Kerouac was also the one who foresaw the name "Beat Generation", and it's not surprising that he drank wine at the very point. William Burroughs was one of the writers of the beatniks, although he wanted to be a trio older and certified for his fellows. Burroughs was recognized as unsuitable for service in the army at the hour of the Other World's War, to that a bit of rock aimlessly traveled the country, taking on a wondrous work. Without a doubt, in such a distribution of the subdivisions, the supreme forces were intertwined, and the paths of Burroughs, Kerouac and Ginsberg were destined to intertwine together. The very creative searches gave life to the literature of the beatniks.

The beat-generation had a chance to make its way through a variety of impersonal different styles, ideas and currents, first of all, they were able to create their own unique concept. There is a theory that the poetry of Romanticism in the greater world has spilled into the consciousness of beatniks, especially the creativity of such poets as Percy Bysh Shelley and William Blake. Surrealist and absurdist currents did not pass them by. At the same time, the American transcendentalism of the 19th century served as the most intense inspiration for the politics of confrontational beat-ruh. For example, Henry David Thoreau has become a symbol of his protests. Zokrema, Rukh Beatniks played an important role in the reputation of Toro and її zvedenni on those camps, on which they won't change. Right off the bat, American modernism has become such a target, all the huskies have been straightened out and portrayed as beatniks. For example, the formalism of Thomas Eliot was clearly seen through the same time in connection with real life. Elіot recognized the role of a right-wing luminary, even as the beat-generation mistook yoga for a chergovy elіtar templet with a flourish for greatness.

Lawrence Ferlinghetti

Lawrence Ferlinghetti sings as the best representative of beat-ruh. Sin immіgrantiv Ferlinghetti became a veteran of the maritime department, who worked with the forces of support at the Other Svіtovіy Vіynі. After the war, he settled in San Francisco and opened the City Lights bookstore. Yogo bookstore quickly became a place for the collection of rich writers of the bit-generation. Approximately at the same hour, Ferlinghetti began to engage in vidavnicheskoy activities, publishing works of status poets, but not commemorating the young. In his robots, Ferlinghetti demonstrates a style inspired by jazz and the spirit of improvisation. Ferlinghetti reveled in his sweet combination of humor and frown, as well as topical thoughts about the camp of America and the whole world in the middle of the last century. Vіn vikrivav zanepad i vdavannya amerikanskoї culture, as well as the destructive potential of capitalism, but also the main tool was gluzuvannya z cієї absurdity. It so happened that Ferlinghetti's poetics is no small place in the midst of the literature of beatniks. His humor and satire slander his creativity more universally, and less attractively, up to one flow.

Allen Ginsberg

The publication of Allen Ginsberg's Howl in 1956 marked a turning point in the history of beat literature, let alone American literature in general. This poem was conceived in such a way that they would read it out loud, by themselves turning over the fall of traditions in literature, with which they have not been churning for generations. Vilniy zmist tvir zdivuvav succumbing, and tse bude weakly said, even if the problems were taken to court like a pornography. However, Ginsberg played against the vastness, as a result of the literature and the figurative art, it was assigned a special place beyond the borders of the harsh censorship. With his “Scream”, Ginsberg calls on the reader/hearer to conduct a tour of America's good fighter, dey knew their place drug addicts, vagrants, povi ta shahra; side, in a way that is alive internal anger against the system and for the sake of equality. Brudna mova and slang are brought to the rank of everyday drug addiction and malice. All these speeches shocked the enormity of the 50s. Ale Ginsberg is less likely to follow the path of damp air. Winning from a love quote by Walt Whitman, who can be remembered at Ginsberg's practice with an indelible glance.

In the world of that, as the change of the 50s, spent in prosperity, came the chaos of the 60s, the poet Allen Ginzurg also knows the essence of the changes. Yogo pratsya zavzhdi bula separate internal turbulence and poshukіv sensu. If the yogo person leaned in the singing center of the respect of all suspіlstva, in the middle it simply did not show up more than the palm, as if the dvigun of yogo creativity would live. Without saying that Ginsberg was thrashing his second way, the critics were less stubborn that his robots had become more “visible”, and that less vibukhon-safe. More than an hour in the period of the 60s of the 60th century, the wines of the provinces played the role of a celebrity, which was requested by different universities. The irony of the share, not otherwise: establish, to some vins, turning their backs, they minted on a new one with open volumes. Alya's share was such that Ginsberg himself was worthy of being a butimentor and a mentor for others. Navіyuvannya faith in the human spirit of the coming generations has become a right call for Ginsberg, like for a seer.

Jack Kerouac

Ale not Ginsberg єdiny! Surely, another writer from the beatniks' life is longed for without attaching more respect to himself, lower Jack Kerouac. Yogo life was full of conflicts, the sum of those critical depressions. Zreshtoy, dying in the face of alcoholism, Kerouac could not resign himself to the fate of the mouthpiece of a whole generation of beatniks. Behind the paths of close wines, I became a sorom's stinging individuality, that you happened to be important in those periods, if the bulk of your practice was seen. The only success was the novel “At the Road”, a philosophical parable about the road, in which the streams of information, narcotic likeness and deep caution of quiet podia, resonated with them generations nicely. Tsya book made Yogo famous literally the first day. To join the members of the stake of the beat-generation were more than happy, with some predilection and enthusiasm pratsyuvav at first glance such a quiet Jack Kerouac. As an addendum to the novels of that philosophy, they wrote in a rant about the artistic craft, calling them that way. The very same states of mind and expanses of thought about literature have become like a window for the beatniks. In some you can clearly see the great potential, but in most cases this potential breaks down about the lawlessness and unquenchable idealism, ignoring the reality of the calm culture of America. Singing sensi Jack Kerouac had the most prominent figure from a strong beat-ruh. Vіn poddavsya the vise of glory and savage respect. While Ginsberg was standing in the air of the importance of mass chіkuvannya, Kerouac was not on his wet shoulders and was angry.

William Burroughs

Navit yakby Burroughs without writing anything, let's go around the "Naked Snidanka", wine, sing-songly, having left the pantheon of beatnik writers. Vіn, perhaps, it’s better to be lower than someone else, having instilled the spirit of inconsistency in his work, zavdyak to that and it was in the house of the yogo generation. As if at Mexico City, in an alcoholic fumes, vіpadkovo shot his first squad Jane Volmer. The reason, through the yak vin stumbled in Mexico, was more prosaic: the vin was trying to flow into justice in the States. Transfer rich motor rice of your life on paper. It is impossible not to notice the distinctive style of Burroughs. Vіn is clearly not good with descriptive elements, which directly reflects his emotional state, supporting the struggle with alcohol and drug addiction. "Holy snidanok" - all the more foldable and squishy TV, but in spite of all the counterarguments of the robot, like before, to know your readers.

Criticism of the beat-generation sounded absolutely from the other corners of the planet. The academic stakes looked upon the beatniks as rude and uncouth pseudo-intellectuals. The American bulk was laced with their sexual deviance and overt drug addiction. The status writers of quiet hours marveled at the practice of beatniks. Politicians, for example, Joseph McCarthy, knew in the ideology of the beatniks the elements of communism and the threat to national security. The beatniks steadfastly listened to all the studs at their address, quickly hurled them down. Prote їх notably short term perebuvannya on the light literary scene, singsongly, can be carried to the point of negativity, heaped on them in an hour. The original name “Beat” conveyed in itself people, broken and uncommon, and for the beginning of the 1950s, such an interpretation was even pre-river.

The beat-generation has really stuck to the structure of modern American society. With the publication of Ginsberg's "Scream", the idea about what kind of literature can be "acceptable" has rapidly expanded. Censorship, as a tool for the formation of human knowledge, accepted within the framework of artistic creativity, ceases to be such. Possibly, hipster's main reach is an active discussion of environmental problems. Until the 1950s, environmentalism did not exist in that form, as it is today. The ideological similarity between the beatniks and Native Americans and their similar culture gave rise to modern ecological ethics. Today's poetics recognized fundamental changes in its structure and style, which allowed someone to openly express their thoughts about a song subject. The experimentation played the first role, and also introduced the strict formalism to the other row plan. Ale bit-generation rose for obrієm so very quickly, like it hung over him.

Somewhere among people you can feel the same word, like a "beatnik". It is possible, whoever does not understand its meaning. Really beatniks are a term, a kind of guesswork for the recognition of representatives of singing culture. This word is similar to the name of the bit-generation, the riddle of which appeared in the 1940s. Formerly, the term used to propagate in 1958, roci, vin, meaning the singing social proshark of the youth of the 20th century, which was characterized by an asocial manner of behavior and recognition of traditional cultural values ​​to the people.

How did the term appear

It's no secret that the beat generation is translated from English as "break the generation". In the past, such a destiny was guessed. Vіn vvazhaetsya one of the head posts of which directly. For yoga theory, people came to change the front, called by him "became". You might think that the term "beatnik" was coined by Kerouac, protese so. This word appeared later, in 1958, roci. Cіkavo, that when the suffix "-nik" was omitted from the Russian language, the suffix "-nik" was omitted. The first part of the word, tobto beat, on the slang of jazz musicians of that hour, the meaning of “evil” and “rozpach” is small. Prote Jack Kerouac himself did not recognize the term in any way and respected it as not appropriate.

Meaning of the word "beatnik"

As follows from the primary designation of the term, beatniks are young people with a beard, who wear sandals, they can often be hit with a mist, to sit at the caves. Basically, they were characterized as darmoids and shanuvalniks of jazz music. This term is often more negatively connoted, sometimes more figuratively meaning, and in some sensi vvazhavshis gluzuvannyam. In this manner, one can say that beatniks are a subculture that appeared in the middle of the 20th century and gained a wide breadth.

For other credits, this term does not have an exact meaning and in the beginning served for the recognition of rich people, as if they were some kind of rank tied to the artistic center of New York. An hour later, until the end of 1950, such a term began to designate young people, who were not of particular interest - that they were successful carers, a booth, machines and other material objects.

typical hipster look

Like it was earlier, the beatniks are a better way of life, and inspire style. Such a way of life conveyed its own type of clothing. For the most part, the beatniks dressed themselves in a chimerical way, they were very common among the great mass of people. Most of its representatives directly strayed from the students of the mystical academies, as they were also chanulers of jazz music.

The main subject of the hipster outfit is a black turtleneck with a high neck. Berets were also popular, some beatniks wore white T-shirts, obov'yazkovo without small prints and inscriptions. Often the representatives of this group directly carried 2 drums (bongos) with them. Dark eyepieces are another attribute of a bit-straight, the stench is small but impenetrable. There was no such thing as a singing zachіska, the stench was more importantly worn for a long time with hair up to the shoulders, most straight. The most popular thing among hipsters is black shoes and shoes in different variations.

If you talk about a woman's clothes, then the girls of the wild went in black tights, leotards and sweaters. Popular are also capri and dovgі spіdnitsi, I'm still new in black color.

Find representatives of whom directly

Of course, the representatives of whom directly were much more rich. Prote the main vvazhayutsya sing individuals. It should be noted that the poetry of the beatniks borrows one of the central places in that culture. It is not surprising that the people, as if they were standing straight for turns, were more importantly writers and poets. Father, 3 individuals: Lucian Carr, that Jack Kerouac. A few hours later, the list was replenished with one more name - William Burroughs. It can be seen that the role of wine is not so important, the proteo yogo value in the formation of beat culture is great. As you can see, beatniks are not just dressed up with soundness, but straight thoughts, their own culture and poetry. Let's take a look.

"Anthology of poetry of beatniks": what is it

For a long time of its foundation, the bitnic culture has given rise to impersonal literary creations, both in prose and in poetry. On the topic of which way of life, anonymous representatives wrote bit-directly. That is why in 2004 a book was published, as it became the first collection of beatnik poetry, as well as theoretical materials about beat-directly. "The Anthology of the Beatniks" is respected by the greatest people, as it has been for the whole hour for the foundation of the Russian style of life. Cіkavo, scho rich verses, entrusted to this book, were translated by my Russian mine forward.

The book also avenges biographical writings about other writers-beaters. Great collection of unique materials, you can in a right way swear at the culture of beatniks and understand, like thoughts and ideas were relevant for them, and also take over the sense of the most directly.

hipster(Engl. Beatniks; beat - yak of breaking; niks - Russian suffix yak "Sputnik", which is the same name everyone knows) youth, yak became popular in the 50s-60s. You can say, the first youth, for which everything else has grown.

Why blame the beatniks?

The ideology of the beatniks began to take shape at the war, if after the victory over the Nazi Germany and its allies, the transitional countries began to actively develop the economy, which took in the wealth of the population and the rise of life.

Particularly in this regard, the United States was excited to develop a vinic way of life "American dream"- Doglyanuyu squad-household gift, ruddy-cheeked children, a robot at a great corporation, a good car, house- "full cup" and so on. A calm culture that boasted of its income was not like everyone, and there were young people who began to protest against such a way of life.

There are three posts at the riverbed of the flow of beatniks. These writers Jack Kerouac, Alain Ginsberg, William Burroughs, as if with their creations, inspired the ideas of freedom and protest against the hourly suspense. This idea of ​​rebellion for rich young people was richly cikavish, lower one-man life of a peppery American.

What is the ideology of the beatniks?

The ideology of the beatniks is based on protests, backed by Marxist ideology, that freedom in social and religious norms. Artistic youth were seen to be especially captivating. Singers, artists, musicians, began to promote a more sinister way of life: they lurked in shabby cafes, climbed into basements and demonstrated their creations like a stench, for someone who is sensible, and everything is seasoned with jazz, like a stench they loved so much.

In their minds, as if they were conscious, the stench went to hiking with backpacks across the boundless expanses of America, experimenting with alcohol and drugs (i), and homosexuality, which came into vogue even more fashionable among beatniks.

How did the beatniks dress up?

The widening of the image of a beatnik is dark to stand at the dark, impenetrable eyepieces with a beret on his head.
Even more popular is a black or horizontal turtleneck jacket and a t-shirt without a little one. The girls wore dark leggings, long-sleeved, leotards, sweater, capri. The lads were dressed in baggy trousers and let them in "goat beards". The beatniks cried out at sandals, keds, shkiryan shoes.
Often you can buff a beatnik with a bong as a way to show off the African culture.

What kind of music did the beatniks hear?

The beatniks adored jazz, with yoga improvisations, anarchic spirit, not to correct anything, but to be more timid, as it should be. At the new stench they blew their own ideology.

The beatniks were the first, and richly they were sung in such a way, so, so hip, hipsters, etc. Stink mali your slang, like mi dosi vikoristovuemo like for example "cool" - cool, "cat" - dude, "dig" - dig.
Ninі posterіgaєtsya deak reconstruction of the beatniks among the “people of the art”.

I am sure that this information was for you corny and cicava.

Write comments.Dima. M.D. "Strength of Youth" Ukraine.