On the 17th leaf fall of 1948, the cruiser "Aurora" was placed on the "eternal parking" along the mooring wall of the Great Nevka. From that hour, the legendary ship became one of the main symbols of St. Petersburg, and the history of its service was covered with myths and legends.
Russian naval commander, admiral Z. P. Rozhestvensky loves non-standard approach to standard processes. In the midst of the admiral's most beloved primarchs, there was a sound, which amused the sailors, arbitrarily handing out "nicknames" to combat ships, which they change from yoga. Thus, the battleship "Sisy Veliky" became "Invalid sling", the yacht "Svitlana" - "Pokoivka", the cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov" was named "Idiot", and the "Aurora" was awarded the title "Poviya Pidzabirna".
We don’t know for Rozhdestvensky, but I knew what the name of the ship was!
The appearance of a legend
In the super patriotic role of the ship in the history of the country, there is a thought that the famous cruiser was utterly overwhelmed. Indeed, the marvel of shipbuilding viniklo there, where it ended its glorious path - near St. Petersburg. Prior to the development of the project, the date was 1895, but in 1897, a contract was signed by the Partnership of Franco-Russian Plants for the manufacture of machines, boilers and all mechanisms, relisted for specifics. So PIZNI TERMINIA DOSSENNYA, please the bustle of the non -Bannies of the Kerivnitvva Dilita with the Colds with the Baltic factory, I was the last offensive of the Six Rocks over the barns "Aurori" the Admiraltyi Izhorskiy Tuksandyvykiyvyvy, the factory, the factory, the factory, the factory, the factory of the Khulmani. In the spring of 1896, and until the end of the sea trials, then four ship alarms, officers of the Corps of Naval Engineers, were occupied at the uninterrupted life of the cruiser. Unfortunately, the author of the cruiser's project is unknown - two names are named in different dzherelakh: K.M.
Battle Glory
The rich fellows of the "Aurora" are only aware of the ambiguous fact of their naval biography, like a ship, whose missiles gave a signal before the storming of the Winter Palace. The Adzhe cruiser took the fate of no rich, no few of the wars and two revolutions. Emperor Mykola himself Another after the Tsusimsky battle, telegraphing the crew: “I cordially thank you, commanders, officers and crews of the cruisers Oleg, Aurori and Perli for their unseen, honest service in an important battle. Another." 1968 r. Указом Президії Верховної Ради СРСР крейсер «Аврора» за видатні заслуги моряків-аврорівців у Великій Жовтневій соціалістичній революції та захист її завоювань, плідну роботу з пропаганди бойових і революційних традицій і у зв'язку з 50-річчям Радянських Жовтневої Революції, а суворі роки Великої During the Great War of the Empire, the sailors of the Aurora took an active part in the heroic defense of Leningrad on the Duderhof Heights, which showed one of the paintings exhibited at the museum on the Aurora.
The revolutionary nature of the ship
Not a single shot in the rebellious ship. More than a few years before the historic days of 1917, in 1905, the Aurora was deployed in the port of Manila under the control of the Americans after the Battle of Tsusim. The Philippine islands appeared as a pit for the marvelous sailors who were frightened of eating rotten hedgehog, as if they were not less able to contact their relatives, stunned by the wrath that is brewing. They caught an international signal, which symbolizes rebellion, which, having risen, caused them to come on board the police and port officials. Avrorovtsy hung their ultimatum - reduction of eating and non-gain distribution of sheets addressed to sailors. Wash the bullets were accepted by the Americans, and all but negligently caused the new sleeper to be stabbed - opening the envelopes and reading the sheets, they told the sailors about the “crooked week”. After turning back to Russia, most of the sailors were decommissioned from the ship - in such a rank, the tsar's detachment, having broken up the divisions of the battle crews, which were formed, to overcome the revolutionary moods. The trials did not succeed, and for the future itself, the sailors, zokrema and recruits, laid the revolutionary backbone of Russia.
Historical building
The volley, which became the signal for the assault on the Winter Palace on August 25, 1917, is one of the greatest legends about cruisers. Let’s think that I’m beautiful, that I went on the ship, not respecting the infamous order about the woman on the ship, the sailors didn’t just drive away, but they didn’t dare not listen. Blіdolitsya, temple and string, the maiden of unearthly beauty punished “Pli!”, And then emerged from the field of dawn. It’s hard to imagine who, having dared to become the mayor of Aurori, yet more historians shirk to the version that the journalist, radian writer, and revolutionary Larisa Reisner was aware of. It seems that they didn’t send the Aurora її in a vipadkovo way, purely psychologically, they paid for it, that such a garnied zhіntsi should not be encouraged by a sailor. She shot, for the tribute of historians, at about 21:40, then the assault started already after the accident, which, unfortunately, did not confirm the theory of the Aurori signal function in the occupied. Prote Cruiser "Aurora" of the images on the Order of the Zhovtnevoi Revolution, as himself and awards in 1967.
Vibukhi and p'yani sailors
And where are the myths about alcohol and yoga naslіdki? In the rest of the hour, from the old dzherel, information about the fate of the unreliable revolutionary sailors "Aurori" at the vibuhu fort "Pavlo" near 1923 turns out. Let me know that the sailors ruled the fire in the mine warehouse. In the fall of 1923, sailors from the battleship "Parizka Komuna" (large "Sevastopol") were brought here on the boats. I ended the “repairs” of the sailors with a great burn. The cadets from the cruiser "Aurora" tried to put out the burning mine, set on fire by the sailors from the "Paris Commune". At the fort, a sprinkling of days roared, and, it seems, the whole of Kronstadt did not lose its whole warehouse. Behind the words of one of the members of the cruiser's lower crew, a couple of sailors died an hour later, and a lot of people were rewarded with medals for heroic help in the gas station. The authors of the brochure "Forti Kronstadt" were among the first to voice the version of the cause of the vibration. In Radyansk books, chains were bypassed, it was left to think that the evil counter-revolution was to blame.
Zirkove life of a cruiser
Kozhen schoolboy, who chooses to see St. Petersburg, obov'yazkovo pragne to visit the legendary ship, which served faithfully and truthfully in battles and branch of the Central Military and Maritime Museum. Indeed, a lot of military merits and excursion programs, not bypassing the Aurora and the way to show business: in 1946, the role of the cruiser played no less than the role of the Varyag's twin sister in the same-name film. For visibility, the “make-up artists” had a chance to improve: they installed a false fourth pipe and sprat of a banner on the ship, raised the commander’s balcony at the stern, and rebuilt the bow part. These two ships are not similar one to one, but for the unsightly peephole, the “fuck” went unnoticed. At the same time, the Aurori hull was reinforced with concrete, but it meant that the ship was not being replaced, which meant that the share of the ship was far away.
Ship chi layout
It is important that the "Aurora" is the only ship that has retained its original appearance to this day. The legendary cruiser was placed at the “eternal parking” opposite the hotel “St. Petersburg”, however, it’s already half the wrong ship, about which it doesn’t move a bit: the ship itself was towed in the settlement of Strumki, white on the coast flooded and stretched by the patriots of the 80s. During the reconstruction in 1984, most of the main part and superstructures of the unforgettable Aurori were replaced, the technology of welded seams and rivets was installed on the new ship-museum on the new hull, which resurfaced the original. Batteries, which were taken from the cruiser harmaty, disappeared on the Dudergof heights, another armored bula was installed on the armored train "Baltiets". About the historical shield, as if she spoke of the “new era of the proletarian revolution”, the senior midshipman, slyly blinked at us, saying: “Respectfully shake the sign on the shield, it says that from the bow armor of the cruiser, there was a historical destruction. And about those who shot on their own with no marks - it is not said anywhere.
"Aurora" and Zhovtnev's revolution among the residents of our country are not one kind of one.
Ale, sleep about the battle path of the legendary cruiser passing on the streets - it’s not clear. And at the same time, the correct story of the Aurori is marvelous, it may be neimovirna.
1. SURVIVED "TWIN SISTERS"
At the historic anniversary of the revolution, the round date is announced and the cruiser "Aurora" itself. Laid down in 1897 at the shipyard "New Admiralty".
For 120 years of its history, "Aurora" has suffered the fate of three revolutions and two world wars, successfully surviving to this day, which cannot be said about two older sisters.
The cruiser "Aurora" was the third after two similar cruisers - "Diani" and "Paladi". The ship-building work was carried out within the framework of the program "for the equalization of our maritime forces from the Germans and the forces of other powers lying down to the Baltic".
The first armored cruisers of Russia were small to reach the average military and running characteristics. Diana and Pallada were the first to break the battle in 1903, having strengthened the Russian squadron in Port Arthur ahead of the cob of the Russian-Japanese war.
Under the hour of the heroic defense of the place "Diana" and "Pallada" took the most active fate from her. On June 28, 1904, the squadron launched a test break near the beak of Vladivostok. "Diana", escaping from the battle, went to Saigon.
Turning to Russia, she took the fate of the First World War. After the revolution in 1922, the cruiser was sold to the Radianska-Nimets joint-stock company and to purchase metal bruts.
"Pallada" was consumed by no less than a share. Not zumіvshi virvatis from the taxed Port Arthur, there was bіdіrvana among the other ships after the praise of the decision about the building of the fort.
2. "DAUGHTER" OF THE EMPEROR
During the hours of Peter I, giving names to the great ships of the Russian fleet was the prerogative of the autocrat. "Aurora" did not become a vine. Nicholas II gave eleven fortune-telling names to the selection: "Aurora", "Askold", "Bogatir", "Varangian", "Naiad", "Juno", "Helion", "Psyche", "Polkan", "Boyarin", " Neptune". After a moment of thought, the emperor succinctly crossed in the margins: "Aurora".
Why did you choose to lie on the name of the ancient Roman goddess of the dawn of the ranks? From the first drive I have this version: the cruiser is really named after the glass frigate "Aurora", which took part in the defense of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in the defense of the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky forces of the English squadron under the hour of the Crimean war of 1854.
Before the speech, the arbitrariness of the dispute "Aurori" accumulated 6.4 million rubles in gold.
3. THREE ROCKS FOR KIND
The tract was connected to the water on May 11, 1900. On the upper deck of the ship, near the warehouse of the honorary varty, there was a 78-year-old sailor, who served on the frigate "Aurora".
Until 1903, the Aurora was carrying out the installation of the head machines, the ship's systems and the construction. Just the last cruiser destroyed his first long trip for the route Portland - Algiers - Bizerte - Piraeus - Port Said - port of Suez.
At the beginning of 1904, Rear Admiral Virenius, in which the Aurora was formed, received a call about the beginning of war with Japan and an order to turn to the Baltic.
4. CROCODILE AND GARDEMARINI
In the Batkivshchyna, the crew of the Avrory immediately took off the order to virusha negainoly to Vladivostok to help the Pacific Squadron.
Before an hour later on the road, berthing in an African port, the sailors took on board two domestic vikhovantsiv - crocodiles on the prestige of Sam and Togo. They were ruled by different magic, they tried to tame, alemonically. The first crocodile left the vessel at the hour of training, the other was killed at the hour of the Battle of Tsusimskoy on May 14, 1905.
On that fatal day, 50 ships of the Russian squadron sailed to the Korean Canal. If the Japanese cruisers fired heavy fire on the Russian transport ships, the Aurora, together with the flagship Oleg, entered the battle. They were assisted by Volodymyr Monomakh, Dmitro Donsky and Svitlana.
Unfortunately, bіy buv prograny. The captain of the cruiser Yevgen Ygor'ev died. At the hour of the battle, the ship's water spout was flooded, it was brought out of harmony, on the cruiser it was burned. Ale "Aurora" did not sink - she tried to break through to Vladivostok. However, the reserves of paliva were more than enough for those who reached the Philippine Islands, de in the port of Manila, the cruiser was interned by the Americans.
Only on July 10, 1905, after the end of the war in Japan, the Andriyevsky ensign was re-hoisted on the ship, the Americans allowed the cruiser to reach the native shores. Until 1913, the ship became the head ship of the midshipmen and went on long trips to Thailand and the island of Java.
5. CRUISER CHI ELEMENT PPO?
Having consumed a number of veterans, the Aurora went to the warehouse of the ships, and the patrol service of the fairways from the Finnish to the Botanical tributary relied on them. But still, it happened to fight with the Persh world war "Aurora", in truth, even in an unimaginable rank. Vaughn played the role of the PPO in the fight against small-sized aircraft of the enemy, who could fly low. I’ll put the cruiser in charge of the cruiser, having rested brightly.
6. STORM OF THE WINTER CAMPAIGN WITHOUT "AURORY"
For a long time it was important that a salvo from the Aurori near Zhovtni 1917 became a signal to the beginning of the assault on the Winter Palace, but not so.
In the spring of 1916, the Aurora began to be repaired up to the wall of the Admiralty plant. Like the fierce 1917, a strike broke out at the factory. In order to avoid the possible troubles on the cruisers, his commander Nikolsky fired a revolver on the sailors, as if they arbitrarily abandoned the ship, having been killed by the crew, having been stabbed to death on the cruiser.
For the first time, the Aurora command was reviewed by the ship's committee. Ahead of the revolutionary approaches On July 24, 1917, the Aurora passed uphill behind the Velikaya Neva to the Mykolaiv bridge, without letting the junkers take it over.
The ship's electricians opened the bridge, connecting Vasilyevsky Island from the center of the city. It was said that on the 25th of July at 21:40 the cruiser would give a couple of blank shots, which means “Uvaga! Ready".
The harmata of the Petropavlovsk Fortress was the first to see it, and less than sweat from the Avrory, having sunk the legendary bachelor, he shot at the Zimovoy beak. The axis is only on the cob of the assault on the vіn zhodnogo vіdnoshnja not mav.
He shot, as the newspaper Pravda later confirmed, he could only call out the revolutionary masses to the point of sawing. The storming of the palace broke out in a couple of years. The signal before the new Bulo was given in volleys by the soldiers of the Peter and Paul Fortress, two of them ate at the window of the palace.
7. DO NOT OLD SOUL OF VETERAN...
In 1922, a decision was made to win the title "Aurora" as the first ship for the Baltic Fleet. In 1924, under the ensign of Radyansk, the ship made a distant trip around Scandinavia to Murmansk and Arkhangelsk. Until 1941, the cruiser-veteran wanted to switch off the warehouse for the fleet, but the war made a decision.
Part of the bullet was taken from the cruiser and vikoristan like other ships, and from the warehouse of land batteries. On April 9, 1941, an artillery battery of special recognition was formed, according to the history of the defense of Leningrad, as battery "A" after the great letter of the cruiser. It’s a pity that the battle itself lost its armor, for which the bachelor was shattered and shot at the Winter Palace.
In 1944, the cruiser "Aurora" was reinstalled on the Neva River as a "monument to the active participation of the sailors of the Baltic Fleet near the fallen bourgeois Timchas order." The cruiser took up less than 17 leaf fall in 1948 after having depicted another revolutionary cruiser, the Varyag, at the cinema.
Today, after a scheduled overhaul, the legendary cruiser "Aurora" turned anew in the place of its eternal parking.
Dmitry Sokolov.
TOPFOTO/FOTODOM,
Chi do not call us the cruiser "Polkan"?
If at the spring of 1896, at the St. Petersburg shipyard "New Admiralteystvo", the life of a new military-sea vessel is being started, the proud name "Aurora" still does not fall on anyone's mind. The new project was called "a cruiser with a water-tonnage of 6630 tons of the type" Diana "", with a cruiser like a cruiser having sprung a river. Only in 1897 the fate of the wines takes away the name, as if foreseeing the yoma of Mykola II. The emperor, without bothering to bother himself, was propagated a list of possible names. Among them: "Aurora", "Naiad", "Helion", "Juno", "Psyche", "Askold", "Varangian", "Bogatir", "Boyarin", "Polkan", "Neptune". The emperor read the list, thought and wrote the word "Aurora" in the margins of the note.
Crocodiles from "Aurori" are forced to fight
The tract was launched on May 11, 1900, in the presence of Emperor Mikoli II and Empress Mary Feodorivna and Oleksandr Fedorivna, as they watched over him, who was coming from the Imperial pavilion.
In 1905, in the fall of the Russian-Japanese war, together with the members of the crew of the cruiser, which went straight to the shores of the Land of the Vranishny Sun, there was a couple of crocodiles, taken on board for one hour of one stop in the African port. Such an unimaginable "vantage" is explained simply: the sailors were allowed to take with them at the voyage their domestic vikhovants. Obviously, crocodiles can be called domestic animals, but as for relish, it seems they don’t mix. Crocodiles were given the prize of Himself and That, they ruled over planned baths and tried to tame them. Prote, as it appeared, the training of crocodiles - on the right is a troublesome one: having improved the moment in the distance, one of the crocodiles rushed into the ocean and once again found a sign in the blue waters. The commander’s officer of that evening made a note: “I didn’t want to go to war one of the young crocodiles, which the officers let in today for a lull for fun, having taken wine for the better, go overboard and die.” Another scavenger of murders was under the hour of the Battle of Tsusim.
Quiet, who thinks about the sea service, he says that the sailors bend their backs all day long, tearing up the deck, or take off the marks of the captain, you can rejoice, telling about the power of being on a cruiser. Dozvіllya on the "Aurora" was fun and rіznomanіtnym: At Maslyan, boat passages were ruled, runs across the Mars (maydanchik on one of the chocolates), zmagannya z pritsіlyuvannya that theatrical performance. Before the speech, the “corpse” of the cruiser, which was formed from the sailors, showed up with a gifted floor, which often saw other ships of the squadron from the ledges.
Cruiser Hero
In the course of the Tsusimsky battle, the cruiser, having shown itself as a superficial ship, did not only attack, but also to inflict poor losses on the enemy: After the battle, the Aurora missed five bullets, irrevocably spent 16 osіb (including the captain of the ship), she took ten "early"
Revolution Symbol
In the revolution of 1917, the role of the cruiser is of particular importance. Even better, now the new government has its own evil symbol of triumphal justice, as the autocracy has fallen into disrepair. Prote literally at the first day after a volley of mist popped up a little bit, like ... do not close the dosі. So, for example, there is a thought that on the day of the storming of the Winter Palace from the cruiser fire was fired. Quietly, who, having believed this legend, the crew of the ship hurried ahead of us, sent a note to the editorial office of the Pravda newspaper, which said that only one single shot had been shot from the cruiser, which served as calls to "saw and readiness." This shoot could not be called a signal, to that it was sent at 21:40, then the assault began as soon as the next night. In addition, varto vrakhovuvaty, that in the day the cruiser was repaired, which turned on the ability of the one that was fired with live ammunition.
Away share of the cruiser
In 1941, the cruiser was guilty of turning into a monument; At the end of 1944, the cruiser was sent for repairs, which, having dragged on chotiri rocks, nevertheless, having crushed the Aurori to a monument, on board of which the primary base of the Leningrad Nakhimov School was rebuilt, which became a branch of the Central Military and Maritime Museum.
If, after two years, they started filming the film "Cruiser" Varyag "", the role of the ship was played by the Aurora. For the winters, the cruiser was modified by installing a fourth, a false pipe and rebuilding the bow.
In 1984, the cruiser was towed to the shipyard "for a major overhaul and refurbishment." Three years later, the ship stood in its own place, prote experts confirm that the cruiser, which at once stood beside the famous berth, could hardly sleep with the colossal Aurora. In front of the right cruiser, only a part of the hull was lost beyond the waterline. The lower well, filled with concrete, lie on the ship's tsvintarі.
On the 21st of spring 2014, the cruiser will once again be destroyed by repairs, which was previously estimated at 120 million rubles. So how can you be a master of the military-marine technology, otherwise you can tell the story of one of the most famous ships of Russia, quarrel, the berth will be empty for about two years.
Avrora - Cruiser of the 1st rank of the Baltic Fleet. Aurora commemorated with her salvo the present new era of the history of Russia. And what is the true story of the cruiser "Aurora"? Іsnuє anonymous little facts about Aurora, about yakі timetsya below.
Cruiser "Aurora": Mifi ta Facti
After the ship was stretched more, lower by 6 years - the Aurora was launched on January 11, 1900 at 11 years of 15 hvilin, and to the warehouse of the fleet (after the completion of all production work) the cruiser uveyshov was only 16 years old in 1903.
Cruiser "Aurora": Mifi ta Facti
As unique as it is for its fighting qualities, the whole ship is already no way. The cruiser could not boast of a special sailing speed (a total of 19 bunkers - squadrons of battleships that hour developed 18 bunkers), nor defences (8 six-inch head caliber shells - far from a nasty fireball) the cruiser could not boast. Ships of the type of armored cruisers ("Bogatir") were rich in swidkokhіdnіshimi and twice as thin. The first appointment of officers and teams to the “goddesses of the witchcraft war” was not very kind - the cruisers of the “Diana” type were a little impersonal, not long and constantly lamal.
Tim is not less than his commanders - surveillance of intelligence, the destruction of merchant ships of the enemy, the protection of liner ships against attacks of fortune-telling mine-carriers, the patrol service - cruisers with a large number of ships, a solid (about seven thousand tons) water-tonnage and moraine capacity. For the full supply of water (1430 tons), the Aurora could go from Port Arthur to Vladivostok and turn back.
All cruisers were assigned to the Pacific Ocean, de nazriving a military conflict from Japan, and the first two ships were already on the Far Descent. Spring 25, 1903 Aurora with a crew of 559 people under the command of Captain 1st Rank I. V. Sukhotina left Kronstadt. At the Mediterranean Sea, the Aurora arrived at the paddock of Rear Admiral A. A. Virenius, which was formed from the squadron battleship Oslyabya, the cruiser Dmitro Donsky, and a large number of destroyers and additional ships. However, on the Far Skhid, they were late - in the African port of Djibouti, on Russian ships, they learned about the night attack of the Japanese on the Port Arthur squadron and an ear of war. Followed the distance, it was risky, the Japanese fleet blocking Port Arthur, and there was a great opportunity for the enemy with the overpowering forces of the enemy. There was a proposition that Vladivostok cruisers would fly to the Singapura region and go together with them to Vladivostok, and not to Port Arthur, but the whole reasonable proposition was not accepted.
On April 5, 1904, the Aurora turned to Kronstadt, de її turned on to the warehouse of the 2nd Pacific Squadron under the command of Vice Admiral Rozhestvensky, as it was getting ready to march on the Far Koshidny theater of combat operations. Here, at the height of eight, the head-caliber bullet was covered with armored shields - the proof of the battle in the Arthurian squadron showed that the tricks of high-explosive Japanese shells literally mow down the defenses of a special warehouse. From the other side, the commander changed on the cruiser - he became a captain of the 1st rank E. R. Egor'ev. On July 2, 1904, at the warehouse of the squadron "Aurora" suddenly broke down on the road - to Tsushimi.
Admiral Rozhdestvensky buv was satisfied with the non-standard specialty. In the midst of the impersonal "primh" of the admiral, the bula was advancing - to give a call to the entrusted combat ships of the prize, even far away from the sights of red writing. So, the cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov" was called "Idiot", the battleship "Sisy the Great" - "Invalid shack", and so on. At the warehouse of the squadron there were two ships with women's names - the big yacht "Svitlana" and "Aurora". The commander named the first cruiser "Pokoivkoya", and "Aurora" was awarded the title "Most pidzabirna". Knowing bi Rozhdestvensky, what kind of ship it is called so...
"Aurora" lunged at the paddock of the cruisers of Rear Admiral Enkvist, and during the Tsusim battle, she summed up the order of Rozhdestvensky - she covered the transport. The task force obviously did not undermine the strength of some Russian cruisers, against which they fought back to the top, and then sixteen Japanese. In the sight of the heroic death of them, only those who rushed down to them a column of Russian armadillos, who saw the enemy, who attacked them, rushed in. We would like to single out the cruiser at the battle without being identified - the author of the attributions to "Aurora" by the Radyansk dzherelami ushkodzhen, as if having taken away the Japanese cruiser "Izumi", was actually the cruiser "Volodimir Monomakh".
On the cob of the Battle of Tsusimskaya on May 14, Aurora followed another flagship cruiser in the corral "Oleg", tacking the convoy of transports right off the bat. About 14:30 at the warehouse of your own paddock at once with a paddock (2 cruisers, 1 additional cruiser), joining the 3rd (4 cruisers, Vice-Admiral S. Diva) and 4th (4 cruisers, Rear Admiral S. .Uriu) with Japanese combat corrals, and about 15:20 also with the 6th Japanese combat corral (4 cruisers, Rear Admiral K. Togo). Close to 16:00, the ship consumed the fire of two armored cruisers of the 1st Japanese combat corral, having taken serious care and additionally entered the battleship of the 5th Japanese combat corral (3 cruisers, 1 coastal defense battleship, Vice Admiral S. Kataoka). Close to 16:30 at the same time from the corral pishov pіd zahist not shooting on board the Russian armadillos, but about 17:30-18:00 taking the fate of the remaining phase of the cruising battle.
In this battle, the ship took close to 10 hits with shells of 8 to 3 inches caliber, the crew spent 15 people killed and 83 wounded. Having died, the commander of the ship is a captain of the 1st rank E. R. Egor'ev - Vіn buv mortally wounded by a fragment of a shell, which he had eaten near the conning tower (burial near the sea at 15 ° 00′ PN, 119 ° 15′ N). (At the Russian-Japanese war, he took the fate and the son of a commander, who served on the Vladivostok squadron of cruisers (on the cruiser "Rosiya"), who became rear admiral for radio hours and wrote the history of the sea and sea at the Leningrad Institute of Fine Arts of Optics. )
After the death of the captain of the Aurora command, he took over the senior officer captain of the 2nd rank A.K. Nebolsin, also wounded. The cruiser Aurora, having taken 37 holes, prote no viishov out of tune. Seriously poshkodzhenі buli dimovі trumpets, flooded vіdіlennya prow mine apparatus and kіlka vugіlnyh pits of the front stoker. On the cruiser, the fry was extinguished. Viyshli out of tune all distant stations, chotiri 75-mm and one 6-dm zbroya.
On the night of 14/15 May, following the flagship of the corral, forcing heading up to 18 knots, at the temryavі, breaking in front of the opponent and turning to pivday. After a few attempts to turn to pivnich, having beaten torpedo attacks by Japanese destroyers, two ships of O. A. Enkvist's corral - "Oleg" and "Aurora" - with the cruiser "Perly", which arrived before them, arrived on 21 May in the neutral port of Manila), de buli interned on May 27, 1905 by American rule until the end of the war. From the command, a signature was taken about non-failure from the distant military actions. For the rejoicing of the ill and wounded, as on the transition to the Far Skhid, so in the course of that next battle on the ship, the x-ray machine was taken, it was better for light practice to stop roentgenoscopy in the ship's minds.
In 1906, the Aurora turned to the Baltic, becoming the commanding ship of the Naval Corps. Undergoing a major overhaul of the hull and mechanisms near St. Petersburg in 1906-1908. with the dismantling of torpedo tubes, the installation of an additional two 6-inch znaryad zamіst chotiriox 75-mm, the installation of rails for the installation of min barriers. October 10, 1907 reclassifications from rank I cruisers to a cruiser.
From the autumn of 1909 to the spring of 1910, the Aurora launched a long-distance voyage with the "midship pen" near the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Saw the ports of Vigo, Algiers, Bizerte, Toulon, Villefranche-sur-Mer, Smirna, Naples, Messina, Souda, Piraeus, Poros, Gibraltar, Vigo, Cherbourg, Kiel. Under the hour of swimming at the warehouse of Mankovsky's corral (4 cruisers), having changed at the ports of Greece at the svyazku from the threat of a military stabbing there. From the autumn of 1910 to the spring of 1911, the ship changed boats at another distant initial voyage for the route Libava - Khristianzand - Vigo - Bizerta - Piraeus and Poros - Messina - Malaga - Vigo - Cherbourg - Libava. From 1911, having changed with the brigade of cruisers of the 1st reserve. From the autumn of 1911 to the summer of 1912, the Aurora sailed on the third long first voyage to participate in the urochisty on the occasion of the coronation of the King of Siam (16 leaf fall - 2 December 1911), saw the ports of the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Indian and Pacific Ocean. In 1912, the cruiser was hinged and inflow, entering the warehouse of the international squadron of the "protecting powers" of Crete, standing like a Russian hospital near the bay of Sudu.
First Svіtova war "Aurora" was caught near the warehouse of another brigade of cruisers of the Baltic Fleet (along with "Oleg", "Bogatyr" and "Diana"). The Russian command recognized the breakthrough of the mighty German Fleet of the Deep Sea at the Finnish inlet and the strike at Kronstadt and the strike at St. Petersburg. For parіruvannya tsієї threats were placed quickly mini and possessed the Central mine-artillery position. The cruisers were supposed to carry out patrol service in the Finnish inlet in order to promptly inform about the appearance of German dreadnoughts. The cruisers went on patrol in pairs, and after the completion of the term of patrolling, one pair changed its course. The first success of the Russian ships reached as early as 26 September, when the German light cruiser Magdeburg was on the stone island of Odensholm. The cruiser "Pallada" (the older sister "Aurori" perished in Port Arthur, and the new "Pallada" was prompted after the Russian-Japanese war) and "Bogatir" tried to capture the enemy's shameless ship. Although the Germans wanted to understand their cruiser, at home the Russian divers knew the secret German codes, and they did good service to the Russians and the English.
Ale Russian ships were checking for a new nebezpeka - from the zhovtnya on the Baltic Sea, the children of the German waters began. The antitichovnova defense in the fleets of the earthly world was also in the nascent camp - no one knew how to defeat the invisible enemy, which is under the water, and how to vanquish one of the rapt attacks. No projectiles, no, more, clay bombs and sonar were not close. Surface ships could only pay for a good old ram - even if you didn’t take it seriously, anecdotal instructions were broken, in which it was punishable to twist the marked periscopes with bears and turn them with sledgehammers. On July 11, 1914, at the entrance to the Finnish flood, the German submarine ship "U-26" under the command of Captain-Lieutenant von Berkheim, sighted two Russian cruisers: I finished the patrol service "Pallada" and went to replace the "Aurora". The commander of the German submarine with German pedantry and scrupulousness assessed and classified the numbers - for all the stats, the new armored cruiser was richly attached to the type of equipment, a veteran of the Russian-Japanese war. The sinking torpedoes screamed at the Pallade the detonation of a lot of ammunition, and the cruiser, having sunk at once with the rest of the crew, was left with only a handful of sailor caps on the winds ... The Aurora flared up and hid near the skerries. I don’t want to call again the Russian sailors near the battlegrounds - as it has already been said, they still didn’t fight against the waters, and the Russian command already knew about the tragedy in the Pivnichny Sea, which had been drunk ten days earlier, having sunk the English armored ship. "Aurora" suddenly sank into ruin - the share clearly took the cruiser
In the role of "Aurora" at the bottom of the spring of 1917, the fate of Petrograd was especially not varto - it was said more than enough about it. It’s more respectful that the threat of shooting down the Winter Palace from the cruiser’s shell was pure bluff. The cruiser was standing at the repair, and to that all the ammunition from the new was checked at the latest level to the instructions. And the stamp “Volley “Aurori” is purely grammatically incorrect, the shells of the “Volley” - they shot at least two barrels at once. It sounds like the legends about the aurora are a symbol of the revolution - a myth.
In 1918, the Avrora plant was rebuked at the vіdstoї, and in the spring of 1919, the rock was at the conservation. In the spring of 1922, a special commission rounded up the ship and made a windmill: “The ship’s old state and the nature of the ship’s bringing to the rescue made it possible to bring the ship ready for repair as a command ship.” In 1940-1945, Aurora stood in Oranienbaum. In 1948, the cruiser was placed on the "eternal parking" along the mooring wall of the Velikaya Nevka, where the ship-museum is now located. However, the current cruiser is no more than a replica, the shards during the rest of the reconstruction in 1984 were replaced by over 50% of the hull and overhead. Among the most important features in comparison with the original is the installation of welded seams on the new building and the replacement of rivet technology. The ship itself was towed to the military naval base of the Navy near the coastal waters of the Finnish tributary near the village of Ruchchi, and was partly flooded. Parts of the ship, which were washed from the water, like the 80s, were stretched on metal materials by the inhabitants of the village.
http://www.lifeglobe.net/blogs/details?id=441
In the history of the cruiser "Aurora" there were a lot of memorable stories. The ship took the fate of the Tsusіmsk battle, ryatuvav іtalіytsіv pіd hіd zemtruzіvі battling with the nіmtsі іn the First world war. A cruiser with a bagatome sent a storm to an unfriendly postril, which gave a signal to storm the Winter Palace.
From the three twin warships, all the glory went to youma itself - the cruiser "Aurora". Zіyshov zі stapelіv shipyard in 1900 roci, vіn mav nothing visible for his hour. This was an ordinary Viysk ship. Ale podії, in which they happened to take their fate, they brought the ship to the Olympus of glory. The history of the cruiser Aurora was rich in unsafe incidents, but survived and escaped to this day.
ship life
The life of the cruiser "Aurori" was celebrated in 1896. Vіn buv the last ship from a series of three armored cruisers for the Pacific Ocean. The first ship was called "Pallada", and the other - "Diana". It is noteworthy that the project of names is not in honor of the first ship, as usual, but in honor of another - "Diana". It is more sonorous and concise. Shipyard cladding began in 1985:
- The gallery island was equipped for the hulls of the Paladi and Diani ships.
- The New Admiralty prepared a Maidan for the Avrory.
The walls of the main building were laid down in one day, on May 23, 1987. The visitation of the court from Nimechchina in the Baltics made corrections to the program, and the terms of the preparation of judges were maximally reduced. On January 11, 1900, the fate of the Aurori hull was to stop the launchings under the splashes of the royal family. Dalі on the cruisers were carried out nadbudovi that installation of the power machine. And three years later, on the 17th lime, the ship was put into operation.
The Tsiliy Rik is the third cruiser with the most common name. At the documentation of the wines, the name “Cruiser with a water tonnage of 6630 tons, of the Diana type” was guessed. Only in 1987 the rock of Mykoli II was given a new name: "Askold", "Aurora", "Bogatir", "Boyarin", "Varangian", "Helion", "Naiad", "Neptune", "Psyche", "Polkan" and " Juno". The greatest tsar was honored with "Aurora", named after the ancient Roman goddess.
Technical characteristics of the cruiser
The hull of the Aurori, like and two other cruisers of this type, is three-deck. Vіn typing from soft steel for shipbuilding. The armored (carapace) deck is small to defend against the overhead artillery fire of the enemy. The leather hold was extended by 13 bulkheads for the greatest survivability of the vessel after the damage by mine. The main power plant included 3 vertically installed machines and 24 steam boilers. The energy that vibrates was transmitted to the shafts of 3 gvintiv. Like a pale vikoristovuvalos vugіllya, the reserves of which reached 1000 tons.
| Project author | K. K. Ratnik, director of the Baltic plant |
| Team (sailors, foremen), chol. | 550 |
| Officer, chol. | 20 |
| Water tonnage, t | 6731,3 |
| Dovzhina, m | 126,8 |
| Width, m | 16,8 |
| Fall, m | 6,4 |
| Maximum speed, knots | 19,2 |
| Limiting range of a hike, miles | 4000 (with a speed of 10 knots) |
| Pressure of the power plant, l/s | 11 610 |
| Hydroacoustics | Station of sound and water communication "Fessenden" (since 1916) |
| Get the link | Radio station of the system of A. S. Popov |
| T.S.F system radio station | |
| 75 mm projector system Mangin (6 pcs.) | |
| Fit a keruvannya with a shooter | PUAT system of N. K. Geisler |
| 1.4-meter far-reaching Barra-Struda system (2 pcs.) | |
| Restoration | Artilleriysk |
| Minne | |
| Protiminne (merezhi) | |
| Torpedo |
First, on ships of the Diana type, an automatic water pumping system was installed. The won was made up of 8 electric pumps. At the beginning of the innovation, there were a lot of problems for the crews due to lack of perfection. Get rid of the problems in the distance on the Aurora, before going to the Pacific Ocean.
Battle near Tsusimi
Viyskovo-political situation, which flared up, on the distant Gathering, the Pacific Fleet saw a negative attack. From the Baltic ships they made a zagin, where they turned on the "Aurora", urging the terms and testing. On the 25th of spring 1903 the cruiser anchored the Great Kronstadt raid. The small parts of the ship were always showing like a stretch of the long way, as the crew was moving on the move.
On May 1, 1905, the fate of the Friends of the Pacific squadron set out on the coast of V'etnam near Vladivostok. "Aurora" was in another place near the order of the ships and it was necessary to follow the wake of the cruiser "Oleg". Two days later, far beyond pivnich on May 14, the Russian squadron moved to the waters of the Korean Canal. There they were already minted by Japanese ships, which were revealed at 6:30. At 10:30 a.m., I rose from the head viysk courts.
"Aurora" entered at bіy about 11:14. On the back of the head, the young ship fired the cruiser Volodymyr Monomakh, which dominated the rear of the Japanese armored cruiser Izum. By the protyag of the year, the Japanese were able to reinforce the fire, and the whole month of the fortune-telling fire was taken away by the Aurora. It was especially important before 15:00.
The ship went into maneuvering in the presence of torpedo torpedoes. Ale didn’t get far away from the numerical strength of the enemy artillery volleys. Having consumed one shell at the wheelhouse, it destroyed everyone who had changed it with fragments. The captain's head was mortally wounded. The bow water was flooded. The horse with the ensign was beaten and lifted 6 times.
Until 19:00, the Russian ships were driven to the corral of Admiral Enkvist: "Oleg", "Perly" and "Aurora", entered in a chaotic order on the first run, blocking the Korean channel. The shock became obvious. The way to Vladivostok was closed. The Japanese planned to finish off the remnants of the squadron at night. Ale Russian courts managed to get away. On the "Aurora" perished: 1 officer (commander of the ship captain of the 1st rank Evgen Romanovich Egor'ev) and 8 members of the team. In 1906, the cruiser was repaired near Manila, turning on the Baltic Sea in 1906.
Italian oranges
In 1910, "Aurora" was not far from the Apennine Pivostrov and went to the port of Messina for the city. The cruiser minted a gold medal, to which two fates earlier the team ratted out the Italians for an hour to the earthworm. The first night mooring place started to see the half-light. Russian sailors rushed to rally the militants, outperforming the militants. Krіm gold medals, yak chequed the team 2 roki, the population gave the crew for a order for an hour later, filling up the hold with lemons and oranges.
Gulsky incident
Under the hour of the trip to the Pacific Ocean, the crews of Russian ships changed their boats and checked for gold with the Japanese in any place. Znaraddya squadrons were constantly prepared. At night from 8 to 9 days, 100 km from the coast of Britain, at a mile, Bank Dogger appeared to an unknown three-headed vessel at the escort flotilla, which was collapsing on its course, which was overturning. Transport "Kamchatka" asking for help, oskolki youmu gave up, scho attack them.
"Aurora", "Dmitro Donsky" and other ships turned on the searchlights and began to shoot at the unknown vessel. If two fleets were mixed up, "Aurora" got 5 shells of its own, the shards from the dark cruiser were mistaken for a Japanese ship. Nadal it appeared that the judges were stuck with the English fishing ships. As a result of the incident, two people died. Vipadok, scho becoming, making the wonderful blue between Britain and Russia.
The fate of the ship at the First World War
The cruiser "Aurora", like a fighting ship, did not take part in the First World War. Prote show your fighting mіts far away only in the middle of the military conflict of 1916. 75 mm ship missiles were modernized for effective damage to aircraft that fly low. The Aurora’s battle line was assigned a square near the Rizkiy zatotsі, the de cruiser successfully pinned the air force on the combat and civil ships.
lute revolution
After moving to the front, "Aurora" was corrected for technical maintenance. On February 27, 1917, at the Admiralteysky and Franco-Russian repair plants, a strike of robots was set up. The crew of the cruiser wanted to come to the strikers, but the commander of the ship M.I. Nikolsky vyrishiv calm the crew, who rebelled, shooting at the sailors with a revolver. The sailors arrested the commander and shot Yogo. Following the rebellion of the commanders on the "Aurora", appointing a ship committee.
Zhovtnev revolution: historical salvo
After the Lute Revolution, the cruiser was under the order of the Time Clock Revolutionary Committee. July 24, 1917 the commander of the ship was given the task of climbing the Neva to the Mykolaivsky bridge, as a cadet was raised. Mechanics-power engineers of "Avrory" far away to call the place, resurrecting Vasilievsky Island and the center of the place. The evening was preparing to storm the Winter Palace. As a signal for the capture, they viciously zastosuvat garmatny shot. About 21:54 "Aurora" fired a single volley from the bow armor, which glorified the military ship.
Zyomki at the film about “Varyag”
In the spring of 1944, the administration of Leningrad, which was under blockade, ordered the installation of the Aurora along the Petrogradskaya embankment with outward possessions on the cruiser museum. Ale, the decision was made on 2 fates, the shards of the autumn of 1945 began to write about the legendary cruiser Varyag. The image of "Varangian" was given to "Aurora". For which ship was fired after shelling by German aviation, the 4th dimochid pipe was fired and the felling was blown.
The cruiser "Aurora" may sink into oblivion in the autumn of 1941. People's Commissar of the Navy signed a decree on assigning a new name to a new ship that will be. Two ships with the same names were buried in the fleet. Ale znischiti cruiser planted the cob of Another world war.
Base of the Nakhimov School
In 1948, the Aurora was moored on the Petrograd embankment, across the road from the Nakhimov School. The initial pledge took patronage over the cruiser. On the decks of the vessel, the head office for cadets and the branch of the Central Military and Maritime Museum was organized. In 1960, the roci radyansky detachment gave the cruiser the status of a monument and transferred it to the imperial power.
Repair of the new life of the ship-museum
On 21 spring 2014 at 10:00 a.m. the cruiser Avrora was moored off the embankment and towed for repairs. The ship-museum needed to go through the path to the Kronstadt steamship plant. At 14:50, the ship occupied the space at the dry dock. P.I. Veleshchinsky. On April 16, 2016, the Aurora turned to the Petrograd embankment. The ship's hull was completely renovated. We created a renewed exposition for the museum. On the day of the opening, "Aurora" saw 1500 errors.