The ship, named after I have chosen the emperor, is the symbol of St. Petersburg.
Shipyard "New Admiralteystvo" exactly 107 years ago - 4 worms, 1897 - started the life of the legendary cruiser "Aurora". Emperor Mykola II specially chose the name for the vessel, as well as the day of the day of launching at 1900 roci.At the moment, the cruiser "Aurora" is under repair in Kronstadt and checks the turn to Petrogradskaya embankment.
SPB.AIF.RU collected five facts about the legendary ship, how to turn around in its historical place in 2016.
"Polkan" or "Bogatir"
Armored cruiser of the first rank "Aurora" became the last in a series of three ships with a water tonnage of 6.6 thousand tons, which were at the shipyard "Nova Admiralteystvo" for example of the 19th century.The first two ships of the project were named Pallada and Diana. The third protyazh rock bezimenny. According to tradition, which is known from the hours of Peter I, the right to give names to great ships belonged to the emperor. A list was laid before Nicholas II, who was named like this: “Helion”, “Juno”, “Psyche”, “Polkan”, “Boyarin”, “Neptune”, “Askold”, “Bogatir”, “Varangian” and “Aurora” ". The Emperor urged the rest, and also so that there were no pardons, having written yogo in the margins with his own hand.
The ship, which will be, was named Aurora by order on April 6, 1897.Vtіm, earlier I had the same name wearing a trichoglove frigate frigate. That Aurora was born in 1835 near St. Petersburg at the Okhtinsky shipyard.
Cruiser Aurora". Campaign 1902 Roku Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org
Crocodile, lemur and boa constrictor
The cruiser was hurriedly launched at Peterburz in 1900. The ceremony was attended by Emperor Mykola II, as well as Empress Maria Feodorivna and Oleksandra Feodorivna.
In 1905, when the Aurora sailed to the coast of Japan during the outbreak of the Russian-Japanese war, two crocodiles lingered on board the ship - the stench was the sailors' home swings. The reptiles were taken on board in one of the African ports, and they were rebuked on the way to Japan.The crocodiles were called Himself and That. According to the writings of the writer Yuriy Chernov, who spoke about sailors from the Aurori at the book “The share of the Aurori temple”, there were also sprats of chameleons, lemurs and a boa constrictor on board. Exotic creatures the crew took on board after the death of the dog Sharik.Reptiles kept a difficult fate: He threw himself off the deck and perished, and Togo was beaten in the hour of the Battle of Tsusim.
The cruiser "Aurora" was tested for an hour on 14 chervnya 1903 year Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org
Cover yourself at Tsushimi
Another squadron of the Pacific Fleet, which had 38 warships and auxiliary ships, reached the coast of Japan. Podolav three oceans, won could not pass the Korean channel. There, 89 ships of the Japanese fleet were minted on it under the ensign of Admiral Heihachiro Togo (ed. note - the crocodile on the Aurora was named honor on it).
With the most intense fire, the Japanese tried to get the armadillos in tune.
The cruiser "Aurora" zooms to stand at the battle near Tsushimi, stealing ships. The hull of the ship was bent over by the wounded Russian battleships. In this battle, only three cruisers survived - "Perli", "Oleg" and "Aurora". So the Russians could stand one destroyer and two additional ships. At the Battle of Tsusim, the Aurora took about 10 hits with shells of caliber from 75 to 200 mm, five rounds were fired out of the fret. 16 people were killed for the crew, the zokrema was the captain of the ship Yevgen Ygor'ev. Also, 89 members of the crew were wounded (for other tributes - 15 killed and 83 wounded).
Landing cruisers near the Philippine port of Manila. There, the Americans disbanded the ships. The stench left a foreign harbor only in 1905, when a peace treaty was signed from Japan.
Shipment of the cruiser for repairs near Kronstadt. Photo: AIF / Irina Sergeenkova
Discord volley of revolution
The cruiser "Aurora" is considered one of the main symbols of the Zhovtnevoy revolution of 1917, forward through the historical building at night on the 26th of July.Every time a volley is fired at the bagats, the bags are full. On the right, the Aurori team immediately hurried to reconsider all those who, having believed the legend about shooting the Winter Palace with live shells, sent a note to the newspaper. It was said in her that there was only one single volley from the ship, which serves as a call to “fullness and readiness”.You can’t call it a signal one, the shards of yoga were fired at 21:40 Moscow time, and the storming of the Winter Palace began as early as after the alarm.The sailors, who were given a note in the Pravda newspaper, were respectfully told that the ship did not shoot at the Winter Palace with live shells and did not threaten the lives of ordinary people.
Cruiser - actor
After the Great Great Veterinary War, "Aurora", as it took off serious losses, arrived at the Baltic Shipyard for repairs, de її small to prepare before being installed on the eternal parking lot.
At the same time, the ship's officials from Radiansk were arguing for a loan from a film about the cruiser "Varyag". Until that moment, the rest was already lying on the bottom of the Irish Sea, to which the legendary cruiser Aurora played its role, which the filmmakers had the opportunity to significantly “make up”, changing their look. The film was presented to the public in 1946.
In the history of the cruiser "Aurora" there were a lot of memorable stories. The ship took the fate of the Tsusіmsk battle, ryatuvav іtalіytsіv pіd hіd zemtruzіvі battling with the nіmtsі іn the First world war. A cruiser with a bagatome sent a storm to an unfriendly postril, which gave a signal to storm the Winter Palace.
From the three twin warships, all the glory went to youma itself - the cruiser "Aurora". Zіyshov zі stapelіv shipyard in 1900 roci, vіn mav nothing visible for his hour. This was an ordinary Viysk ship. Ale podії, in which they happened to take their fate, they brought the ship to the Olympus of glory. The history of the cruiser Aurora was rich in unsafe incidents, but survived and escaped to this day.
ship life
The life of the cruiser "Aurori" was celebrated in 1896. Vіn buv the last ship from a series of three armored cruisers for the Pacific Ocean. The first ship was called "Pallada", and the other - "Diana". It is noteworthy that the project of names is not in honor of the first ship, as usual, but in honor of another - "Diana". It is more sonorous and concise. Shipyard cladding began in 1985:
- The gallery island was equipped for the hulls of the Paladi and Diani ships.
- The New Admiralty prepared a Maidan for the Avrory.
The walls of the main building were laid down in one day, on May 23, 1987. The visitation of the court from Nimechchina in the Baltics made corrections to the program, and the terms of the preparation of judges were maximally reduced. On January 11, 1900, the fate of the Aurori hull was to stop the launchings under the splashes of the royal family. Dalі on the cruisers were carried out nadbudovi that installation of the power machine. And three years later, on the 17th lime, the ship was put into operation.
The Tsiliy Rik is the third cruiser of the common name. At the documentation of the wines, the name “Cruiser with a water tonnage of 6630 tons, of the Diana type” was guessed. Only in 1987 the rock of Mykoli II was given a new name: "Askold", "Aurora", "Bogatir", "Boyarin", "Varangian", "Helion", "Naiad", "Neptune", "Psyche", "Polkan" and " Juno". The greatest tsar was honored with "Aurora", named after the ancient Roman goddess.
Technical characteristics of the cruiser
The hull of the Aurori, like and two other cruisers of this type, is three-deck. Vіn typing from soft steel for shipbuilding. The armored (carapace) deck is small to defend against the overhead artillery fire of the enemy. The leather hold was extended by 13 bulkheads for the greatest survivability of the vessel after the damage by mine. The main power plant included 3 vertically installed machines and 24 steam boilers. The energy that vibrates was transmitted to the shafts of 3 gvintiv. Like a pale vikoristovuvalos vugіllya, the reserves of which reached 1000 tons.
| Project author | K. K. Ratnik, director of the Baltic plant |
| Team (sailors, foremen), chol. | 550 |
| Officer, chol. | 20 |
| Water tonnage, t | 6731,3 |
| Dovzhina, m | 126,8 |
| Width, m | 16,8 |
| Fall, m | 6,4 |
| Maximum speed, knots | 19,2 |
| Limiting range of a hike, miles | 4000 (with a speed of 10 knots) |
| Pressure of the power plant, l/s | 11 610 |
| Hydroacoustics | Station of sound and water communication "Fessenden" (since 1916) |
| Get the link | Radio station of the system of A. S. Popov |
| T.S.F system radio station | |
| 75 mm projector system Mangin (6 pcs.) | |
| Fit a keruvannya with a shooter | PUAT system of N. K. Geisler |
| 1.4-meter far-reaching Barra-Struda system (2 pcs.) | |
| Restoration | Artilleriysk |
| Minne | |
| Protiminne (merezhi) | |
| Torpedo |
First, on ships of the Diana type, an automatic water pumping system was installed. The won was made up of 8 electric pumps. At the beginning of the innovation, there were a lot of problems for the crews due to lack of perfection. Get rid of the problems in the distance on the Aurora, before going to the Pacific Ocean.
Battle near Tsusimi
Viyskovo-political situation, which flared up, on the distant Gathering, the Pacific Fleet saw a negative attack. From the Baltic ships they made a zagin, where they turned on the "Aurora", urging the terms and testing. On the 25th of spring 1903 the cruiser anchored the Great Kronstadt raid. The small parts of the ship were always showing like a stretch of the long way, as the crew was moving on the move.
On May 1, 1905, the fate of the Friends of the Pacific squadron set out on the coast of V'etnam near Vladivostok. "Aurora" was in another place near the order of the ships and it was necessary to follow the wake of the cruiser "Oleg". Two days later, far beyond pivnich on May 14, the Russian squadron moved to the waters of the Korean Canal. There they were already minted by Japanese ships, which were revealed at 6:30. At 10:30 a.m., I rose from the head viysk courts.
"Aurora" entered at bіy about 11:14. On the back of the head, the young ship fired the cruiser Volodymyr Monomakh, which dominated the rear of the Japanese armored cruiser Izum. By the protyag of the year, the Japanese were able to reinforce the fire, and the whole month of the fortune-telling fire was taken away by the Aurora. It was especially important before 15:00.
The ship went into maneuvering in the presence of torpedo torpedoes. Ale didn’t get far away from the numerical strength of the enemy artillery volleys. Having consumed one shell at the wheelhouse, it destroyed everyone who had changed it with fragments. The captain's head was mortally wounded. The bow water was flooded. The horse with the ensign was beaten and lifted 6 times.
Until 19:00, the Russian ships were driven to the corral of Admiral Enkvist: "Oleg", "Perli" and "Aurora", entered in a chaotic order on the first run, blocking the Korean channel. The shock became obvious. The way to Vladivostok was closed. The Japanese planned to finish off the remnants of the squadron at night. Ale Russian courts managed to get away. On the "Aurora" perished: 1 officer (commander of the ship captain of the 1st rank Evgen Romanovich Egor'ev) and 8 members of the team. In 1906, the cruiser was repaired near Manila, turning on the Baltic Sea in 1906.
Italian oranges
In 1910, "Aurora" was not far from the Apennine Pivostrov and went to the port of Messina for the city. The cruiser minted a gold medal, to which two fates earlier the team ratted out the Italians for an hour to the earthworm. The first night mooring place started to see the half-light. Russian sailors rushed to rally the militants, outperforming the militants. Krіm gold medals, yak chequed the team 2 roki, the population gave the crew for a order for an hour later, filling up the hold with lemons and oranges.
Gulsky incident
Under the hour of the trip to the Pacific Ocean, the crews of Russian ships changed their boats and checked for gold with the Japanese in any place. Znaraddya squadrons were constantly prepared. At night from 8 to 9 days, 100 km from the coast of Britain, at a mile, Bank Dogger appeared to an unknown three-headed vessel at the escort flotilla, which was collapsing on its course, which was overturning. Transport "Kamchatka" asking for help, oskolki youmu gave up, scho attack them.
"Aurora", "Dmitro Donsky" and other ships turned on the searchlights and began to shoot at the unknown vessel. If two fleets were mixed up, "Aurora" got 5 shells of its own, the shards from the dark cruiser were mistaken for a Japanese ship. Nadal it appeared that the judges were stuck with the English fishing ships. As a result of the incident, two people died. Vipadok, scho becoming, making the wonderful blue between Britain and Russia.
The fate of the ship at the First World War
The cruiser "Aurora", like a fighting ship, did not take part in the First World War. Prote show your fighting mіts far away only in the middle of the military conflict of 1916. 75 mm ship missiles were modernized for effective damage to aircraft that fly low. The Aurora’s battle line was assigned a square near the Rizkiy zatotsі, the de cruiser successfully pinned the air force on the combat and civil ships.
lute revolution
After moving to the front, "Aurora" was corrected for technical maintenance. On February 27, 1917, at the Admiralteysky and Franco-Russian repair plants, a strike of robots was set up. The crew of the cruiser wanted to come to the strikers, but the commander of the ship M.I. Nikolsky vyrishiv calm the crew, who rebelled, shooting at the sailors with a revolver. The sailors arrested the commander and shot Yogo. Following the rebellion of the commanders on the "Aurora", appointing a ship committee.
Zhovtnev revolution: historical salvo
After the Lute Revolution, the cruiser was under the order of the Time Clock Revolutionary Committee. July 24, 1917 the commander of the ship was given the task of climbing the Neva to the Mykolaivsky bridge, as a cadet was raised. Mechanics-power engineers of "Avrory" far away to call the place, resurrecting Vasilievsky Island and the center of the place. The evening was preparing to storm the Winter Palace. As a signal for the capture, they viciously zastosuvat garmatny shot. About 21:54 "Aurora" fired a single volley from the bow armor, which glorified the military ship.
Zyomki at the film about “Varyag”
In the spring of 1944, the administration of Leningrad, which was under blockade, ordered the installation of the Aurora along the Petrogradskaya embankment with outward possessions on the cruiser museum. Ale, the decision was made on 2 fates, the shards of the autumn of 1945 began to write about the legendary cruiser Varyag. The image of "Varangian" was given to "Aurora". For which ship was fired after shelling by German aviation, the 4th dimochid pipe was fired and the felling was blown.
The cruiser "Aurora" may sink into oblivion in the autumn of 1941. People's Commissar of the Navy signed a decree on assigning a new name to a new ship that will be. Two ships with the same names were buried in the fleet. Ale znischiti cruiser planted the cob of Another world war.
Base of the Nakhimov School
In 1948, the Aurora was moored on the Petrograd embankment, across the road from the Nakhimov School. The initial pledge took patronage over the cruiser. On the decks of the vessel, the head office for cadets and the branch of the Central Military and Maritime Museum was organized. In 1960, the roci radyansky detachment gave the cruiser the status of a monument and transferred it to the imperial power.
Repair of the new life of the ship-museum
On 21 spring 2014 at 10:00 a.m. the cruiser Avrora was moored off the embankment and towed for repairs. The ship-museum needed to go through the path to the Kronstadt steamship plant. At 14:50, the ship occupied the space at the dry dock. P.I. Veleshchinsky. On April 16, 2016, the Aurora turned to the Petrograd embankment. The ship's hull was completely renovated. We created a renewed exposition for the museum. On the day of the opening, "Aurora" saw 1500 errors.
Armored cruiser of the 1st rank of the Baltic Fleet "Aurora" near St. Petersburg. The ship took part in many naval battles of the 20th century and is considered one of the main symbols of the revolution of 1917. Since 1957 branch of the Central Viysk-Marine Museum.
Head pledge:
Robot layout
Tue, Wed, Thurs, Sat, Monday - from 11.00 to 17.15
Mon, Fri - non-working day
"Aurora" goes up to the armored cruisers of the "Diana" type, which were in the Russian Empire in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. For the most part, three such ships were called: "Diana", "Pallada" and "Aurora". The remaining cruiser took its name off the honor of the Greek goddess of dawn and on the riddle about the frigate Aurora, which took away its popularity during the defense of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in the rocks of the Crimean war. I will name the Emperor Mykola II in particular, choosing from eleven suggested options.
The cruiser "Aurora" was laid down at the shipyard of the New Admiralty in 1896 and was launched several times in 1900 in the presence of Emperor Mikoli II and a 78-river sailor, while serving on a single-man frigate.
In 1903 the cruiser "Aurora" went to the warehouse of the Russian imperial fleet. The first service of the ship was passing the Far Departure, and then switching on at the warehouse of the Other Pacific Squadron. In 1905, the cruiser took part in the Battle of Tsusіmsk, de otrimav suttєvі poshkodzhennya, after which virushing for repairs to Philippine Manіl. In 1906, the Aurora turned to the Baltic Sea. In 1909-1912, the ship took part in the initial campaign on the Mediterranean Sea, and in 1913, the cruiser became the flagship of the initial corral.
At the rocky of the First Svitovoi war, the cruiser "Aurora" took part in the defensive approaches and continued the initial marches.
Under the hour of the revolutionary approach of 1917, the power on the ship passed to the sailors, the management having approved the ship committee. On the eve of the Zhovtnevy Bolshavitsky rebellion, "Aurora" killed the famous bachelors and shot them with the Winter Palace, which became a signal for an assault on the cob.
After the revolution, the ship was resurrected to the warehouse of the commanding fleet, having made a sprinkling of international campaigns. At the rocks of the Great Vitchiznyanoi war and the blockade of Leningrad, the cruiser became part of the antitype defense of Kronstadt.
In 1944, a decision was made to install the Aurora on the Petrograd embankment as a museum-monument of the history of the fleet and the base of the Nakhimov School. In 1957, the cruiser became part of the exposition of the Central Viysk and Maritime Museum. The exposition was arranged in six places of the ship, the conning tower, the engine room and the boiler house were opened for viewing.
The cruiser often appears in various artistic creations - songs and verses, and also starred at the cinema as the cruiser Varyag.
The water capacity of the cruiser "Aurora" is 6731 tons, the length of the vessel is 126.8 meters, the width is 16.8 meters. Crew - 20 officers and 550 sailors.
Cruiser of inclusions to the Unified State Register of objects of cultural decline (monuments in the history and culture) of Russia.
Note to the tourist:
The sight of the cruiser "Aurora" will be very quiet for all tourists, and it will be especially quiet, so that the maritime history can be heard. In addition, the ship commissioned the roztashovanі y іnshі mіskі memos - i embankments, a monument to the 300th river of the Russian fleet, the booths "Noble Nest", the booths of the Baltic Fleet.
Chekaєmo do not check yogo back from the reconstruction
"Aurora" - Russian armored cruiser I rank type "Diana". Taking the fate of the Tsusimsky battle. The cruiser "Aurora" gained all-world popularity, having given a signal with an unfriendly shot from the streak on the cob of the Zhovtnevoy revolution of 1917. During the period of the Great War, the ship took part in the defense of Leningrad. After the end of the war, having served as the head ship-blocker and the museum, standing on the parking lot on the river. Neva near St. Petersburg. Within an hour, the Aurora has become a ship-symbol of the Russian fleet and an object of the cultural decline of Russia.
The cruiser "Aurora", like and other ships of the same type ("Diana" and "Pallada"), was following the shipbuilding program of 1895 with the method of "rivaling our naval forces with the Germans and with other powers lying down to the Baltic". Cruisers of the "Diana" type became one of the first armored cruisers in Russia; Prote for his hour (Zokrema, the hour of the Russian-Japanese war) ships of this type turned out to be ineffective through the “weakness” of rich tactical and technical elements (width, armor, armor).
At the beginning of the XX century. Zovnіshnyopolіtichne staging of Russia was foldable: savings from England, increasing threats from the side of Nіmechchini, strengthening the position of Japan. The guise of these clerks was to strengthen the army and the fleet, so that new ships were ordered. Changes in the shipbuilding program, adopted in 1895, passed the life period from 1896 to 1905. 36 new ships, among them nine cruisers, two of them (then - three) - "caravans", then armored. Over the years, three armored cruisers became the Diana type.
The basis for the development of tactical and technical elements (TTE) of future cruisers, having become the creations of S.K. Ratnik, was the project of a cruiser with a water capacity of 6000 tons, the prototype of which was new (launching in 1895) English cruiser HMS Talbot and French armor 1896). On the cob of worm 1896 the series was planned to be expanded to three ships, the third of them (the upcoming Aurora) was ordered to be laid down at the New Admiralty. April 20, 1896 The Marine Technical Committee (MTC) approved the technical design of the armored cruiser of the 1st rank.
On February 31, 1897, Emperor Mykola II punished the name of the cruiser "Aurora", which would be, in honor of the Roman goddess of dawn. The name bula was selected by the autocrat from eleven proposed name options. L. L. Polenov, however, is aware that the cruiser was named after the frigate Aurora, which became famous during the defense of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in the rocks of the Crimean war.
Irrespective of those who actually worked from the everyday life of the Aurori, it was significantly later, lower than the Diani and the Paladi, the official laying of a cruiser of this type was announced on the same day: January 23, 1897. With whom I first about 10 years. 30 min. . The urochist ceremony was held on board the Avroria in the presence of General-Admiral Oleksiy Oleksandrovich. The sibnu zastavnu plate was fixed between the 60th and 61st frames, that one was hoisted on specially installed flagpoles, the ensign and the guy of the future cruiser.
Cruisers of the "Diana" type could not become the first serial cruisers in Russia, but they did not reach one-man capacity among them: others were installed on the "Aurora", lower on the "Diana" and the "Pallada", cars, boilers, kermov_ outbuildings. Electric drives for the rest were designed for three different factories as an experiment: this way it was possible to recognize, how to make them appear the most efficient, so that later they could be installed on other ships of the fleet. So, the electric drives of the Avrori kermo machines were installed by the firms Siemens and Galke.
The slipways of the robot were roaring in the autumn of 1897, and the stench dragged on for three and a half years (a lot of it due to the unpreparedness of the ship's other elements). Nareshti, May 24, 1900 hull of launching boats in the presence of Emperor Mikoli II and Empress Maria Fedorivna and Oleksandr Fedorivna. After that, the installation of the main machines, additional mechanisms, salvage ship systems began, and the installation of other installations began. In 1902 p. Earlier in the Russian fleet, the Aurora took off the Hall system anchors, a novelty that could not be equipped with a two-ship type ship. Vlitka 1900 r. the cruiser passed the first test, the rest - 14 worms, 1903 r.
In the middle of the life of the cruiser (from the moment of life and until the end of running changes) took the fate of chotiri budives: E. R. de Grofe, K. M. Tokarevsky, N. I. Pushchin and A. A. Bazhenov.
The total life of Avrory is estimated at 6.4 million rubles.
The Aurori's hull has three decks: the upper one and two internal ones (battery and armor), as well as the tank top deck. On the entire perimeter of the armored deck, as it was called the life deck, a platform was laid out, and two more - on the edges of the ship.
The head cross section (below the armored deck) divides the internal space of the hold into thirteen windows. Chotiri vіdsіki (bow, boiler vіddіlen, engine vіddіlen, stern) occupy the space between the armor and battery decks and ensure the unsinkability of the ship.
The outer steel sheathing was small, 6.4 m long and up to 16 mm thick, and fastened with rows of rivets to a set of two. At the underwater part of the hull, the steel sheets were crimped with nakry, at the surface - against the stick on the lining planks. The thickness of the sheets of the bulwark sheathing was 3 mm.
The underwater part of the hull is 840 mm higher than the waterline, and the small one is the mid-section plating, so as to prevent electrochemical corrosion and that overgrowth, it was fastened to the teak wood plating, fastened to the hull with the help of bronze bolts.
At the diametrical plane on the horizontal wall there are false piers, which have two balls and are made from two types of trees (the top row is teak, the bottom row is oak).
There were two shoes on the cruiser, the foundations of which were fastened to the armored deck. Height fore-schogli - 23.8 m; grotto-schogli - 21.6 m.
The design of the armored cruiser conveys the presence of a large carapace deck, which protects all the life of the important parts of the ship (engine, boiler rooms and tiller branches, lots of artillery and mine ammunition, a central combat post, an auxiliary fire). The horizontal part on the Avrora is 38 mm wide, as it increases to 63.5 mm on the bevels to the sides and edges.
The fighting cabin is protected from the front, from the sides and from the back by armored plates with a thickness of 152 mm, which made it possible to protect it from the stern course cuts; to the beast - an armor plate of a zavtovka 51 mm from low-magnetic steel.
Vertically armored 38 mm zavtovshki can carry projectile elevators and drive control there, without an armored deck.
The boiler plant was built from 24 boilers of the Belleville system in 1894, which were roztashovani in three types (bow, stern and middle boiler). Along the sides of the cruiser, pipes were laid for the main steam pipeline to the head steam engines. Additional boilers "Aurora", like other ships of the type, are not small. Looking back at it, the supply of bets to the additional mechanisms was carried out through the steam pipeline from the head boilers.
Above the majority of the three boiler rooms, there was a 27.4 m windpipe smoke pipe. t drive to profit.
For the placement of the pit on the "Aurora" there were 24 pits, stashed in the space between the sides, there was a boiler room, as well as 8 pits of the spare fire, which were known between the armored and battery decks by stretching the engine compartments. Qi 32 pits could hold up to 965 tons of wood; 800 tons of wood were taken as a normal stock of firewood. The total supply of water could reach 4,000 miles of sailing with a speed of 10 knots.
The main engines were three steam engines of progressive expansion (total exhaustion - 11600 k.s.). The stench is to blame but the buildings to ensure a 20-unit speed (for an hour of testing, the Aurora reached a maximum speed of 19.2 knots, which outweighed the maximum speed of the Diani and Paladi on testing). Condensation of the vaporized steam was controlled by three refrigerators; Buv is also a condenser of a bet for additional machines and mechanisms.
The engines of the cruiser are three trilobate bronze crests of gvinti. The middle screw is the screw of the left wrapper, the right one is wrapped around the year's arrow, the left one is behind the year's arrow (view from the stern on the bow).
Water system
Head of the system: check the main mass of the ship from the ship’s guards after the hole is laid. For this, one turbine was independently victorious (water supply - 250 tons / year) at the edges, in MKO - circulation pump refrigerators and six turbines with water supply of 400 tons / year.
Drying system
The task of the system: water supply, which was lost after the work and water supply, or accumulated in the hull through filtration, filling the bearings, watering the sides and decks. For whom, on the ship, there was a main pipe with a red midi, which is small 31 priyomniy vdrostok and 21 rose valve. The drainage itself was carried out by three pumps of the Worthington system.
Balasna system
On the "Aurora" there was one kingstone of the flooding system at the edges and two each in the middle water-tight holes, which were controlled from the battery deck. Bring the kingstons flooded to the living deck.
Fire system
Under the armored deck on the starboard side, a chervonomid pipe of the fire main was laid. Two Worthington pumps were used to supply water. The openings to the main pipe were on the upper deck, passing into the middle turnpike for the connection of the fire hoses.
Shlyupkove ozbroєnnya
two 30-foot steam boats;
one 16-oar barge;
one 18-oar barge;
one 14-oar boat;
one 12-oar boat;
two 6-oar whaleboats;
The mustaches of the vessel were serviced by turning davits, and the steam boats were lying around.
Living quarters were covered by 570 crew members and the accommodation of the flagship was assigned to the headquarters. The lower ranks slept on the slings, stitched at the bow of the ship. 10 conductors slept in five double cabins on the armored deck, officers and admirals - in the quarters between the bow and middle smoke pipes.
The stock of food was repaid for two months, there was a refrigerator and a refrigerator.
Artillery armor "Avrory" became the height of 152-mm from the barrel of 45 caliber guns of the Canet system, placed one on the tank and one and six on the upper deck (three each from the skin board). The maximum range of shooting is up to 9800 m, the rate of fire is 5 shots per flute with a mechanical supply of projectiles and 2 shots - with a manual one. Scorching ammunition was formed from 1414 shots. The shells for their action were divided into armor-piercing, high-explosive and shrapnel.
On the upper and battery decks, twenty chotiri 75-mm from a barrel length of 50 caliber projectiles of the Canet system were installed on vertical benches of the Meller system. Range of shooting - up to 7000 m, rate of fire - 10 shots per flute with mechanical feed and 4 - with manual feed. The current ammunition load is available in 6240 armor-piercing guns. 8 single 37-mm Hotchkiss harmonies and two landing 63.5-mm Baranovsky harmonies were installed on the marsі and places. For tsikh znaryad, it was obviously 3600 and 1440 naboiv.
Mining combat weapons included one surface hanging torpedo tube, which fired torpedoes through the stem apple, and two underwater traverse shield tubes, installed on the side. Shooting with Whitehead torpedoes was carried out by squeezing for the speed of the ship up to 17 knots. The aiming of torpedo tubes was carried out for the help of three aims (one for the skin apparatus), stoked at the battle scars. Ammunition was placed in the largest torpedoes with a caliber of 381 mm and a range of 1500 m.
At the mine, 35 spherical mines were also included, which could be installed from rafts or boats and boats of the ship. On the sides of the "Avrory" hung on special tubular poles of the fence mesh, as if the cruiser was anchored in the open road.
The sound of the ship's call was secured by signal ensigns, as well as (more commonly) "Manzhen's combat lights" - searchlights with a mirror diameter of 75 cm. "Aurora" is small on the six searchlights. For the night distant sound signalization on the cruiser, there were two sets of fires from the system of Colonel V. V. Tabulevich. This new one for that hour was made up of two lights of red and white colors. To strengthen the strength of light fires, a special combustible powder was zastosovuvavsya, allowing for friendly meteorological minds to fire up to 10 miles. The signalization was carried out by the transmission of numbers after the Morse alphabet: a speck was signified by a white lighter, and a dash - by a red one.
Caution zdіysnyuvalos for the help of zorovye tubes and binoculars.
The cruiser's artillery fire control system allowed the artillery officer to control all the ship's artillery and skin shells. The distance to the point was fought for the help of the distant world of the Barra ta Pratsi system purchased in England.
The protracted trial runs allowed the Aurora to make its first trip by the sea on more than 25 Spring 1903. Cruiser with directions to Dalekii Skhid following the route Portland - Algiers - La Spezia - Bizerta - Piraeus - Port Said - port of Suets. Reached Djibouti for example, 1904 The day of Rear Admiral A. A. Virenius found out about the cob of war from Japan and drove back to the Baltic, where it arrived before April 1904.
After turning to the Baltic, the Aurora bula was turned on to the warehouse of the 2nd squadron to the Pacific Fleet, as it is small enough to get to Vladivostok, in order, first, to help the ships of the 1st Pacific squadron, and, in a different way, destroy the Japanese fleet і establish panuvannya in the Sea of Japan. The cruiser entered the command of Vice-Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvensky, and on July 2, 1904. having left Libava at the warehouse of the same day, having thereby himself made a trip to the Pacific Ocean.
On the 7th of August, the cruiser and the 1st day may have reached the shores of Great Britain, as it was a political opponent of Russia in the fight against Japan and an ally of the rest, - Z. P. Rozhdestvensky ordered that all ships be brought to the camp of combat readiness. Near the Dogger Banks area, the aircraft found an unknown vessel (which appeared to be British fishing vessels) and fired at them. Moreover, the fire of the armadillos was also consumed by the Aurora and Dmitro Donsky. This so-called Gulsky incident caused a great international scandal.
Until 1 January 1905, the squadron of Z. P. Rozhestvensky reached Van Phong Bay, the stars went on the rest of the transition to Vladivostok. On the night of May 14, 50 ships sailed to the Korean channel, decal, for some time now, the Battle of Tsusim was fought. During the course of the battle, the Aurora was at the warehouse of the Cruiser's corral of Rear Admiral O. A. Enkvist. Through the defense of Z.P. Rozhdestvensky, the Aurora ship, like other cruisers of its own ship, did not take part in the first 45th battle (from 13 years. 45 minutes to 14 years. 30 minutes). Up to 14 years old. 30 min. nine Japanese cruisers chose as their method the transport ships of the Russian squadron, and "Aurora" at once from the flagship cruiser "Oleg" entered the battle with them. The world of possibilities was also helped by Volodymyr Monomakh, Dmitro Donsky and Svetlana. The defeat of the Russian squadron is inevitable. On the following night, 15 January, the divisions of the ships of the Russian squadron made a good test for the break to Vladivostok. So, "Aurora", "Oleg" and "Pearl" tried so hard, but unsuccessfully. Uhilyayuchis in the face of torpedo attacks of Japanese destroyers, tsі ships withdrew the order of O. A. Enkvist to turn on the pivden, and thereby deprive the battle zone of that Korean canal. Until 21 January, three cruisers with paliva reserves, which may have run out, could reach the Philippine Islands, where in the port of Manila they were interned by the Americans. Under the hour of the battle Tsusima "Aurora" took off serious damage; 10 people on the crew were killed, another 80 were injured. The only one who died in battle as an officer of the cruiser was the commander of the captain of the 1st rank E. G. Egor'ev.
Perebuvayuchi in Manila for several months, the crew of "Avrory" self-driving carried out repair and maintenance work. July 10, 1905, after notifying about the end of the war with Japan, on the cruiser Andriyevsky Prapor and Guys were again raised; the Americans turned the locks on the buildings earlier. Having given orders to turn to the Baltic, the Aurora reached Libavi on February 19, 1906. Then I looked around the ship. After that, the forces of the Franco-Russian, Obukhivsky plant and the Kronstadt Viysk port underwent repairs of the cruiser and the first artillery construction. Already 1907 - 1908 "Aurora" could take the fate of the first voyages.
Tsikavo, scho vіtchiznіnі vіyskovo-maritime constructors 1906, tobto. if the "Aurora" turned less to Libavy, they appreciated the new yakіsny rіven development of shipbuilding in other lands. The head inspector of shipbuilding, K.K. for the type of cruiser "Novik". Prote tsia the proposition of the vikonan was not bula.
When the spring is near, 1907 Since a new classification of ships of the Russian fleet has been introduced, then it’s a good idea (cruisers are now divided into armored cruisers and cruisers, and not by ranks and fallow in the armored system) Aurora, just like Diana, was introduced to cruisers.
In 1909 p. "Diana" (flagship), "Aurora" and "Bogatir" were included in the warehouse "For the corral of ships, recognized for navigation with ship midshipmen", and after the last glance of Nicholas II, they broke on July 1, 1909 in the Mediterranean Sea, in the waters of which they were rebuked until birch 1910 In the course of an hour, an impersonal task was carried out to occupy it. 1911 - 1913 rr. "Aurora" was left with the head ship, having gone far sailing to Thailand, on about. Java.
At the Lipnya, born in 1914 accumulations vuzol protirіch mizh kraїnami dvoh blocіv - Entente and Nіmechchini z її allies - rozіrvavsya, and began the first world war. In the middle of May, after the decimal interruption, the Aurora bula was turned on to the warehouse of warships, and it was ordered to another brigade of cruisers. All the ships of the brigade were awakened before the Russian-Japanese war, so the command jumped to beat them up as a sentinel service.
At the leaf fall-chest, 1914 "Aurora" shielded the fairways that led from Finnish to Botnichnaya inflows. During the winter, "Aurora" and "Diana", as it was also included in the warehouse of that plant, spent at Sveaborz, where in an hour they went through a lot of modernization. Potim - that skerry service is again sentinel.
Less than an hour of the campaign of 1916 "Aurora" had a chance to take the fate of the combat operations. At the same time, the cruiser was at the disposal of the command of the Naval Corps, where they laid down on it to sleep with the control of the ship. For this reason, the cruiser's 75-mm armatures were re-possessed in such a rank, so that they could fire on small aircraft, fly low, which was necessary for successful shooting at aircraft during the First World War. So, while staying in the Rizkiy zatotsі "Aurora", it successfully reproduced the attacks from the repetition.
But on the ship it was necessary to carry out repairs, which is why on the 6th of spring 1916. "Aurora" arrived in Kronstadt. At the Veresni її they transferred to Petrograd to the pre-Budov building of the Admiralty plant. In an hour of repair, another bottom was replaced in the MCO area, having removed new boilers and repaired steam engines. It was necessary to modernize and upgrade the cruiser: it was increased the maximum range of the 152-mm garmat and apparently the maximum range of the shooter; a month was prepared for the installation of three 76.2-mm anti-aircraft guns of the F.F. Lender system, however, they were installed only in 1923.
February 27, 1917 at the Admiralty and Franco-Russian factories, which were repaired by forces, a strike began. The commander of the "Aurori" M.I. Nikolsky, in order to prevent a riot on the ship, he fired at the sailors who tried to go ashore, fire from a revolver, for which, as a result of shootings by the rising team. At that moment, the commanders of the ship were scouring the ship's committee.
Z 24 Zhovtnya 1917 "Aurora" took the fate of the revolution without a middle ground: at the order of the Timchasov Revolutionary Committee (VRC), the whole day the cruiser climbed uphill for the flow of the Great Neva River from the mining wall of the plant to the Mykolaivsky bridge, built by the junkers, zmusivshi yoga. Then the electricians of "Avrory" called to open the bridge, and by the same token they brought Vasilievsky Island from the center of the city. The next day, all the strategic objects of the place were changed in the hands of the Bolsheviks. For housekeeping with the secretary of the Military Revolutionary Committee V. A. Antonovim-Ovsienkom "Aurora" "soon before the beginning of the attack of the Winter Palace on the signal building of Petropavlivka, give a couple of unfriendly buildings from a six-inch." About 21 years old. 40 min. after following the Petropavlovsk Fortress, and after five quills, the Aurora shot one single shot from the bow of a 152-mm harmat, which made her famous. However, the storming of the Winter Palace with tsim was shot directly, no hitting, the shards appeared later.
Naprikintsі Zhovtnya 1922 the reconstruction of the cruiser began, so that a distant victor could become the first ship for the Baltic Fleet. On the holy day of February 23, 1923, regardless of those that the Aurora was technically unprepared, the ensign and guis was raised on the cruiser. For a worm 1923 the hull of the ship was significantly refurbished, three of the newest wines were rebuilt, among which the artillery cellars and elevators were rebuilt. So, "Aurora" took ten 130-mm garmats (replacement 152-mm), two 76.2-mm anti-aircraft missiles of the Lender system, two pairs of 7.62-mm machine guns "Maxim". On the 18th linden, the cruiser took part in the maneuvers of the ships of the Baltic fleet.
Ale, the canonization of the Aurori began earlier. On September 3, 1923, the Central Vikonavchiy Committee took patronage over the cruiser, tobto. The supreme body of the structure of sovereign power. It immediately promoted the ideological and political status of the ship, calling it a symbol of revolution.
In 1924 "Aurora" zdіysnil its first distant voyage under the Ryan ensign: the cruiser rounded Scandinavia, the reach of Murmansk and Arkhangelsk. Right up to 1927. the ship took part in various campaigns (most importantly in the territorial waters of the SRSR). 2 leaf fall 1927 in honor of the 10th river of the revolution, "Aurora" was awarded the only sovereign city at that time - the Order of the Red Prapor:
“The Presidium, for the sake of suffocation, by the day of the 10th anniversary of the Zhovtnevoy revolution, the struggle of the cruiser “Aurora” at the forefront of the revolution, awarding it with the Order of the Red Ensign for the sign of the Day of Zhovtnya.
(Z praised the CEC.) "
The epic film “Zhovten” was filmed by the same roci, and “Aurora” took the fate of the zomka. Tsі dvі podії zrobili cruiser more vіdomіshim.
Z 1928 the cruiser has again become the command ship and is scrupulously robbed of the command, walk on board with the cadets for the cordon. Zokrema, "Aurora" saw Copenhagen, Svenemyund, Oslo, Bergen. Visit to Bergen near Serpni 1930 becoming for "Aurori" the last out-of-the-way campaign through the wear of boilers (there was a third of them brought out of operation). The cruiser needed a major overhaul, which violating the example of 1933. In 1935 For various reasons, for the reason that the morally and technically overhauled old ship was under repair, the repair was delayed. Now it has become non-self-propelled through those who work for the plant. March did not catch the hour of repair to replace the boilers, "Aurora" happened to become the first fireman: they led to the Skhidny Kronstadt roadstead, and cadets of the first courses of the military-naval schools were trained on it.
On the thought of deyaky doslidnikiv, in 1941. "Aurora" was planned to be switched off from the warehouse to the fleet; If there was a threat to the exit of the German troops to Leningrad, the cruiser would be negainally included in the Kronstadt anti-aircraft defense system. More chervni 1941 the cadets of the "Aurori" went to the front, then the cruiser crew began to step by step (on the cob of war - 260 people), which they put on the ships of the Baltic Fleet, which are to die, or to the front.
Ten 130-mm garmats, a couple of 76.2-mm anti-aircraft garmats, three 45-mm garmats, and one Maxim machine gun are small on the cob of the Aurora. Z lime 1941 From the "Aurori" they began to dismantle the її artillery armor and vikoristovuvat yogo or other ships (for example, on the gunboats of the Chudskaya Vіyskovoї flotilla), or vikoristovuvat at the warehouse of land batteries. 9 lime 1941 іz 9 130-mm missiles of the cruiser formed an artillery battery of a special purpose. From the visukanihs in the arsenals of Leningrad and Kronstadt, a squad of nevdovs formed a battery to each other, and insults were transferred to the 42nd Army of the Leningrad Front. In the history of the defense of Leningrad, the stench is known as battery "A" ("Aurora") and battery "B" ("Baltiets" / "Bilshovik"). With the help of the crew of the "Aurori" in the special warehouse of the battery "A" there was only a small number. On the advancing enemy, battery "A" fired fire on the 6th of spring, 1941. Then the battery fought with German tanks, fighting at the sharpened until the last shell. At the end of the eighth day of the battle, 165 of the special depots were reduced to less than 26.
The cruiser "Aurora" itself, having taken part in the fighting actions near Leningrad on 8 spring 1941. the crew, which was left on the ship, had a chance to see the signs of the German aviation, and on 16 April, according to eyewitnesses, the Avrory anti-aircraft gunners were able to shoot down one fortune teller in the distance. At that time, the Aurora was constantly under artillery shelling, and German batteries were driving every hour until the final lifting of the blockade of Leningrad. For the last hour of war, the cruiser took off less than 7 hits. For example, falling leaves and dying living on a cruiser became unbearable, and the crew was transferred to the shore.
So I’m modest about it, but I still mean the fate of the Aurora in the defense of Leningrad, N. G. Kuznetsov, People’s Commissar of the Navy of the USSR, said:
The cruiser "Aurora" did not represent a serious combat value, but did its best to serve all the wars. On the next ship, there is a bagatar service, after that, as the stench has “spent” the cobs of combat power. Such a cruiser "Aurora".
In 1944 the creation of the Leningrad Nakhimov Military and Marine School was celebrated. Part of the Nakhimovites was planned to be deployed on a floating base, which is so small for the Aurora. Prote for the decisions of A. A. Zhdanov, the cruiser "Aurora" was once again installed on the Neva, "like a monument to the active participation of the sailors of the Baltic Fleet near the fallen bourgeois Timchasov order." At once, the robots began to improve the water resistance of the cruiser's hull, which eliminated the numerical fluctuations. During a major overhaul (from the middle of the lime tree of 1945 to the middle of the leaf fall of 1948), the following repairs were carried out: the hull, the combs of the gvinti, the onboard steam engines, the onboard combs, the shaft brackets of the onboard machines, the boilers, which were missing; also, a reconnaissance was carried out at the link with the new function of the floating mother ship. (Unfortunately, this perebudova was negatively marked on the preservation of the historical sight of the cruiser. Before the speech, the fate of the Aurora in the role of Varyag in the one-part film, shot in 1947, was also added to it.) 17 leaf fall 1948 p. the cruiser first took its place at the eternal station on the Great Nevtsy. At the same time, a graduation company of Nakhimovites was placed on the Avroria. From what hour until 1961
The coming river passed under the sign of the great and ambiguous anniversary - the 100th anniversary of the Zhovtnevoy revolution. Ahead of the date "Batkivshchyna" publishes unknown documents and speeches, analytical statutes and transcripts of discussions, photographs and verbal portraits of diyovih osib 1917. And in the jubilee column "Vectors of the Revolution", її the head symbol.
I sensed this text on 30 February 2003 on board the cruiser "Aurora", where they commemorated the writer-sailor Viktor Konetsky. Vin is already loving this ship. And those who came here already loved Konetsky.
Tables were laid at the wardroom. They spoke quietly and not only about the bag. If Konetsky’s friend from the military-naval school, the St. Petersburg actor Ivan Krasko, having opened the page to read, the admirals and the officers laughed. Ale raptom reached out for hustki ...
_Igor Kots, editor-in-chief of "Batkivshchyna"
"Having taken 18 shells from the battle ..."
Marveling at the statue of the dashing marsoflot L. I call yoga so pan-brotherly, more than an artist, imagine loving. Let's take a look at the name of this article - "Pirate Cruiser".
"Ship of Summative Glory,- write wine, - having taken part in the summarily completed campaign of the 2nd Pacific squadron of Admiral Rozhestvensky on the Far Skhid and to bring the zoom to death on the bottom of the Tsusimskaya channel - the cruiser broke through to Manila.
Here the most famous word is "navit" and also "on the days of the Tsusimskoy duct".
Ships do not sink "on the day", but in the ocean. You still need to go to the bottom. I need to be smart to die in battle and break through the sharpened guard ships, taking off 18 shells in battle, with 14 sailors killed by the commander, 8 wounded officers and 75 wounded sailors on board.
You, pane L., try to find out what it means for a crew to be left without a commander in battle. It’s smart to maneuver, it’s smart to shoot, it’s smart to catch holes, it’s smart to hit torpedoes and shells, it’s smart to take care of all those killed and wounded, and, smut, don’t lower the ensign, but break through the edge of the enemy, which is strong for you, for you, for you, for dozens of times more to go from Tsusimi to Manila on a ship loaded with shells.
"What do you dream about, the cruiser "Aurora", at the time, if you rise early over the Neva?"
Effective essay for the author-starter in literature. Why dream about "Aurora" more richly. Vіzmemo sbіrku articles "Russian Viyskovo-maritime art", volume 2nd, stor. 364. Write a participant in the battle of Tsusimskogo officer of the cruiser "Aurora":
"Our teams trembled in battle more than praise. Miraculous cold-bloodedness, guiltiness and fearlessness showing the skin of a sailor. Golden people and hearts! The officers were covered with wounds, the sailors did not bleed their bodies, the znarad was willing to die. roll".
You write: "Aurora" is a monument to the Russian rebellion, stupid and merciless."
L. write: "The revolutionary ferocity of Russian sailors, their sadistic hatred of naval officers has not yet been explained by historians. What was the reaction of the graduates to the specific aristocratic rudeness of graduates of the Marine Corps, or was it formed by the stress of service in a closed cabin?"
Which to the core of the feni can be stressed, like a thousand years sailors lived "in a closed environment"? Pevna river, you don’t need a suite at the Astoria hotel. And did you go to the nok-for-bom-bram ray across the Perths on the heights beyond the Oleksandriysky stovp? Garne closed space!
Now about the ferocity and sadistic hatred to the officers, our historians cannot explain how.
You, Pan L., have you tried molting? Line is a thin skein of white yarn, not comrade for a second inch in circumference.
"Specific aristocratic rudeness of graduates of the Naval Corps", the river is clear, bulo. Ale V Boris Lavrenev read chi Sergiy Kolbasiev. And Nakhimov, Lazarev, Ushakov and hundreds of others, how Russia is written, why didn’t they finish the Marine Corps?
Why did you, pane L., look around at the sailors like that? Sailors officers and admirals wiggle and lead to battle. So, for one voyage "Aurori" to Siam (autumn - winter 1911 - 1912) with the Grand Duke Boris Volodymyrovich on board the sailors were few to see. Styles of tyranny, rudeness Boris Volodymyrovich caught up with the campaign, antrohi not benevolent neither sailor nor officer's eyes. Three cooks brought with them 500 flakes of champagne.
You write further: "... the sailors of the Aurora at once, from the" thunderstorms of the revolution "from Kronstadt, tried to capture Petrograd near the linden of 1917, and in Zhovtn, having shelled the place, they deserved their unfortunate glory of the "cruiser of the revolution ..."
She did not shoot (you "shooted") "Aurora" in St. Petersburg, Crimea, one of the unfriendly guns near Zimovoy Bik.
Lieutenant Captain Viktor Konetsky
ONLY FACTS
And yet the cruisers smashed the Nazis
- On May 11, 1900, the cruiser was hurriedly launched into the water at the St. Petersburg shipyard Nove Admiralteystvo. Having looked at the name "Aurora" - on the riddle about the same-day frigate of the same name, which heroically fought during the hour of the Great War of 1854 near Petropavlovsk-on-Kamchattsі.
- 1903 roku uvіyshov to the warehouse of the Russian military-marine fleet.
- Taking the fate of the Russian-Japanese and First World Wars.
- On July 25, 1917, after giving a bachelor, he shot from the tank sack, which became a signal before the storming of the Winter Palace. From "Aurori" it was handed over written by V.I. Leninim animal "To the hulks of Russia!"
- Since 1923, becoming the head ship.
- At the rock of the Great Vitchiznyanoy war of the znaryad of the head caliber, taken from the ship, the Auror sailors smashed the Nazis near the Voronyacho Gori and Pulkovsky heights.
- On the 17th leaf fall of 1948, having thrown the yakir at the house of the eternal parking lot on the Petrograd embankment of the Veliky Nevka.
- In 1956, roci on the ship announced the name of the Central Military and Maritime Museum.