replacement of the necessary sound (or letter) with another sound (or letter), which leads to the distortion of the word, is one of the symptoms of aphasia. The nature of the change lies in the form of aphasia. In case of sensory aphasia, the change is seen as a sign of phonemic similarity of sounds (or letters). Thus, the sound iz is replaced by the sound z, b - n, etc. With afferent motor aphasia, sounds (or letters) are replaced that are close to the way of vimovi (that is close to the article). For example, the sound l is replaced by the sound n, m - b or p, etc. L. p. Reinvention of higher mental functions is the hallmark of neuropsychology, the main tasks of which are the development of theoretical foundations, mechanisms and methods for the improvement of higher mental functions, damage to the heritage of local lesions of the brain. Theoretical base Art. Art. p. f. є, from one side, zagalnopsihologichnі objavlennya pro suspіlno-historical nature, prizhittєve shaping vishchih psihіchnіh funktіchnі ї їkh sistemї organіzatsії, zіnshoy side, neyropsihologichna kontseptsiya pro sistemnuyu budovu i sistemny ї dinamicheskoi localіzatsії dikh funktsіy. Appointed theoretical causes made it possible to obgruntuvat provisions about the important possibility of reinstatement of the affected mental functions with the help of restoring functional systems, their physiological basis. A. R. Luriya saw the internal system and intersystem changes and functional systems (transferring the process to the current one, notifying the level, replacing the functional system’s layout, which was gone, novim that іn.). Zastosuvannya neuropsychological theory Art. Art. p. f. in practice, with the healing of the wounded, the hour of the Great Vitchiznyanoy War showed its high efficiency. During this period, the scientific ambush of St. st. p. f - moving, gnostic, intellectual, rukhovih (A. R. Luria, A. N. Leont'v, A. V. Zaporozhets, B. G. Anan'ev, E. S. Bein, N. N. Traugott et al. ). Away from the problem of St. Art. p. f. Bulo pov'azano importantly with a theoretical analysis of the causes of movement damage and the development of different methods of their improvement. A. R. Luria and yoga scientists (D. S. Tsvetkova, T. V. Akhutina, Zh. on the preservation of afferent activities, the proper programming of the supporting functions and others. The study of the dynamics of the improvement of various types of movement activity under the influx of induction of the induction allows us to analyze the nature and mechanisms of the disruption of various movement functions, highlighting the role of oral images in the formation of aphasia. The robots of L. S. Tsvetkovo and її spіvrobіtnikov showed that the damage to the nominative function of the movement is related to the defects of the movement organization of the oral images. The further development of this directly in neuropsychology of applications to the expanded sphere of the development of methods of inspirational training, the development of methods for the improvement of the processes of memory, respect, acceptance, the emotional-volitional sphere, as well as the general and rational practice; to the creation of complex methods of improving the functions of the way to improve the psychological and medicamentous impact on the specialty of the ailing person. One of the most important divisions of this directly is the development of the emotional-psychological side of the induction training, the development of group methods for the improvement of the current functions by the path of changing the change of an ailing individual. The current practical work in the field of neurorehabilitation, which is carried out in various scientific and practical centers of Russia, is based on the high-profile theoretical statements of A. R. Luria about the systemic psychological and brain organization of mental functions. These ideas formed the basis of a system of complex neurorehabilitation, developed by V. M. Shklovsky and yogo specialists and successfully established in the Center for Pathology of the Mov in Moscow and in. Mistakh of Russia. The high social significance of the results of the investigation of the problem of St. p. f. that stosuvannya in practice is connected with the great social need in such robots in the field of clinical psychology (zocrema, in connection with the increase in the number of cardiovascular diseases) and the great efficiency of neuropsychological methods of V. c. p. f.
The language is clearly damaged, connected with organic lesions and functional changes in the central nervous system, as well as pathopsycholinguistic language disorders. Damage associated with defects in the apparatus of articulation and stuttering of the speech development, reportedly described in speech therapy literature.
Damage to the language as a result of organic damage to the nervous system
Aphasia
Aphasia: out of the main types of movement, two types of aphasias are seen:
· sensory(Receptive, impressive) - unreasonable language, like unusual feelings, so own;
· motor(expressive) - disruption of active movement.
Disorders of movement that appear in visual aphasia were first described by the French anatomist P. Broka in 1861 and by the German neuropathologist K. Wernicke in 1874.
So P. Broca had two ailments, as they suffered for a life of discord in the internal movement, revealing a middle lesion in the posterior part of the lower frontal ring of the left ventricle of the brain. From that hour on, the village of measles began to be called Broca's area and looked like the center of motor movement, and the discord of the movement, with damage to the area, received the name motor aphasia(Vid Greek "a" - crossed, "phase" - mova).
For ten years, therefore, K. Wernicke discovered a different center - the center of promotion promotion (auditory promotion center), depriving auditory sounds of sounds. The center is localized in the posterior part of the upper skeletal line. Damage to the region to bring up sensory aphasia.
Sensory acoustic-gnostic aphasia(Wernicke's aphasia), but "verbal deafness" is characterized by impaired perception of speech by auditory (acoustic) agnosia.
With this, for the presence of deafness, ailments do not distinguish by ear similar to the sound of the word, the phonemes after which the sound of the sense of the same word is heard. The ailment takes the brunt of any new language like noise, otherwise it’s like an unreasonable foreign language. Acoustic-gnostic form of sensory aphasia develops when the center of sensory movement is damaged (Brodmann area 22 - the middle and posterior sides of the upper skeletal line of the left pivculus). At the sensory center of promo (the gnostic center of promo) sound words of words are saved, that is why it is possible to bring to a modern agnosia, if you have ailments, with normal hearing, you do not understand the movement, you do not understand the sense of words. The auditory center of one's own does not fail.
Most often, when the gnostic center of Wernicke is damaged, elements of damage and motor movement are observed, as a result of the presence of auditory control, that is. control over the power promo. With this, various elements of the secondary disorder of expressive language develop (logorrhea, “verbal okroshka”, paraphasia, perseveration).
Logorrhea- richness, movement non-management, promotion of movement activity.
"Slov'yana okroshka"- potіk bezgluzdikh, indistinct sound reception.
paraphasia- Spontaneous, inaccurate adaptation of words, letters, sounds.
Perseveration-Vіdpovіd with one and the same word on the rіznі for the money. In case of frequent aphatic ailments, ailments also do not catch vіdmіnnosti in repetitions, written or read close to vimov warehouses, slіv ("ba - pa", "ta - so", "sa - for", "fence - cathedral - congestion" and that іn .) .), confuse letters “s” and “z”, “p” and “b” among themselves.
Acoustic-mnestic aphasia characterized by impaired memory. Illness forgets the names of objects, names. With acoustic-mnestic aphasia, the grammatical structure of phrases is lost in the correct one, but the problem of language is connected with the selection of necessary words. An ailment cannot name an object, although it is good to signify its recognition. For example, if you show a sick person a spoon, you will say: “Tse those who eat.” Call the ailments at once, you will need the word when you tell the cob warehouse (calling it to you only “lo”, you will say: “spoon”) for ailments. The comprehension of language in amnestic aphasia is not broken. Reading aloud is possible, protesting the language is tormented through the main defect. Acoustic-mnestic aphasia is characterized by the presence of a large number of verbal paraphasias.
Verbal paraphasia- Difficulty in naming objects. Moreover, the indication of the first warehouses sounds to help.
Acoustic-mnestic aphasia is caused by damage to the middle and posterior ventricles in the left skeletal region (37th and 21st Brodmann fields). One of the forms of aphasia is opto-mnestic aphasia. For those who are damaged, they forget the words that mean specific objects. This pathology develops when thyme-polytic measles is attacked on the cordon in the skeletal region. The basis of the defect lies in the disruption of associative links between the centers of motor and sensory movement, as well as with the vision analyzer.
With great lesions of the brain, as in the pathological process, the skroneval region (the gnostic center of Wernicke), and the thymus region of the left pivculus, develop as a pathological process, semantic aphasia develops in ailments.
Semantic aphasia vinikaє in case of damage to the thyme-potilich areas of the dominant pivkul (39th and 40th Brodman fields).
The main її signs are foldable in rozumіnnі foldable logical and grammatical constructions, especially those that reflect the expanse of blue. In case of any ailment, one can’t understand those vikonann instructions like: “paint a dot over a circle” or “paint a circle over a dot”. For them, the sense of similar constructions is inaccessible (for example, Tanya’s hair is lighter, lower at Deer, ale darker lower at Olya. Who has the best hair?).
In clinical practice, there is one more form of sensory aphasia - subcortical, or “pure verbal deafness”, if it breaks down more than a reasonable thought while saving writing language and reading. There are also fluctuations, if, with sensory aphasia, a sick person is saved building up and repeating the feeling.
motor aphasia(Brock's aphasia, movna apraxia) - characterized by damage to all components of expressive movement. In case of any ailments, I speak, but I can’t say. Vіn vimovlyaє singly words or put, scho saved in memory, repeating їх (momentary embol) and accompanying with different mimics and gestures. In severe moods of ailments, the speech is called for relief, then the language is expressed as a soundless sound-bearing (“moving leftovers”). In more light temperaments, ailing people save deaky words, among them there will be simple words. The propositions of one's own are one-sided. A characteristic feature of aphasia is the presence literal and verbal paraphasia, agramatism.
Literal paraphasia- Conjugation of words as a result of rearrangement or omission of okremih sounds or letters (like the word "litera" - a letter).
Verbal paraphasia- to create words for the rahunok, replace one word with others, similar to articulation, but different for the meanings.
Agramatism- disruption of the grammatical mode of the movement (incorrect endings of words, omissions of the receivers). The smaller world suffers from repetition. Sick, call to speak correctly, you don’t want to. The living of numbers is also ruined. The process of saving the mind, and the ailments of usvіdomlyu pardon their mov. Motor aphasia develops when the center of motor movement is damaged - Broca's center - (Brodman's field 44). One of the different types of motor aphasia is dynamic aphasia.
Dynamic aphasia. This type of aphasia is characterized by damage, disintegration of internal movement. Those who have ailments are surrounded by single-storey symptoms, often repeating food. Usna rozpovid chi tvir on a given topic is not available. They blame the sick for problems and encourage them to think about the development, internal promotion programs. In a number of vipadkіv, the damaged internal language is manifested in the omission of the words, the borrowers, the borrowers, the habitation of the stereotyped phrases, the most common words of the nazivny vіdmіnku.
The center of the lesion in case of dynamic aphasia in the prefrontal space, the sprat is splayed anteriorly and beyond Broca's area - at the left pivculus of the brain (9, 10, 11, 46 Brodmann's fields).
According to A. R. Luria (1969), motor aphasia occurs in two variants: motor aphasia is afferent and motor aphasia is afferent.
Motor aphasia of the afferent type It is surrounded by lesions of the lower vіddіlі in the post-central zone of the brain (the lower part of the kirkovy fields 1, 2, 5, 7 and part 40), is characterized by the second part of all types of verbal movement - spontaneous, automated, repetition of pronouncing words, naming of showing objects. The articulation of sounds is especially rude. The reading of that letter also suffers. Often such aphasia goes with oral apraxia (disorder of folded lips and tongue).
Motor aphasia of the efferent type it is connected to the lesions of the lower parts of the premotor zone, Broca's area (fields 44, 45), which is characterized by a discord between the same movable unit (sound, word) into foreign language. The articulation of the okremyh sounds is saved, the vim series of sounds of the chi phrase is made more difficult. Productive speech is replaced by constant repetitions of small sounds (literal perseveration) and words (verbal perseveration), and important verbs are represented by the membol. The most characteristic rice of the movie is the “telegraphic style”: ailments put together phrases mainly from the names, the words in them may be daily. Preserved automated movement, reading verses, speech. As a rule, broken language (Brock and Wernicke's center) is often accompanied by various reading disorders and letters that appear in alexia, paralexia, agraphia, literal and verbal paragraphs, contominatsi, and also acalculia.
Oleksiya - discord in reading and understanding what has been read, in case of one’s ailments it’s not possible to read, sometimes one’s wines are all the same with practice, but one reads, in case one doesn’t understand what one has read, and one doesn’t see the pardons that are allowed to him.
Paralexia- permutation of letters in words for an hour of reading with a rough creation of the sense of the word.
Agraphia- wasting the ability to write correctly for the preservation of the rukhovo function of the upper tip. Isolation of the development of agraphia is suspected in case of damage to the posterior midline of the frontal ring of the dominant pivkul (6 Brodmann field). In important states, ailments cannot be written, in those who are light - a list of possibilities, but literal and verbal paragraphs appear.
Literal paragraph- omissions and permutations of letters in words when listing.
Verbal paragraph- omissions and permutations of words when writing a speech.
Contamination- Recording propositions under dictation in one word.
Acalculia- damage to the building of arithmetic divinity, zooming in on the damage to the dominant pivculus of the great brain (39 Brodmann field). Sound out of semantic aphasia. In severe moods, ailments cannot be healed, in legenies - difficulties are guarded, or pardons when operating with numbers.
In case of damage to the dominant pivculi in Broca's area to Wernicke's area, total aphasia often develops, for which receptive expression is used in all manifestations. Such a pathology can be associated with great swellings, brain strokes, severe injuries of the skull, and other great lesions of the brain.
For the sake of accuracy of the topical diagnosis in various forms of aphasia, a scheme of foci of damage to the primary zones of the Kirk was divided (with the improvement of the functioning of the secondary and tertiary irrigations) (Fig. 15).
Inferred more characteristics of different forms of aphasia suggest a globally accepted classification of aphasia, created by A.R. Luria.
With the improvement of the systematization of the initial material, we suggest the following classification:
1. Sensory (acoustic-gnostic) aphasia.
2. Acoustic-mnestic aphasia.
3. Motor aphasia of the afferent type.
4. Motor aphasia of the afferent type.
5. Motor dynamic aphasia.
6. Semantic aphasia.
It is important to note that skin movement damage in various forms of aphasia may have its own specificity and lie in a number of factors, and in itself in:
· localization of the cavity of the wound and yogo expansion;
· Grade of severity and stage of illness;
the nature of the pathological process (sudine, plump,
Traumatic damage to the brain);
· the quality of life of the sick and yogo intellectually characteristic rice and іn.
One of the main problems of aphasiology is the search for new, most effective methods of introducing current functions and improving the transfer of other officials. In connection with this, the authors appreciated the need to describe the main stages and direct inspiration for movement in aphasia for V.M. Shklovsky and T. G. Wizel.
* Shklovsky V.M., Vizel T.G. Reinvention of movement function in patients with various forms of aphasia. M. 2000. S. 9-10.
Renovation of the moving function with aphasia, there is a gradual character. Naturally, in the early stages of illness, regardless of the specific form of aphasia, the priority is placed on the inclusion of mimic, automatized movable activity. At this hour, the most effective are the victoria of automated modern rows, the “imagination” of emotionally significant situations, the “revival” of modern stereotypes, which are good for many modern practice.
The work with ailments, which is to be rebuked at the acute stage of illness, is guilty of buti strictly dosed stalely due to the peculiarities of the ailing camp of the ailing, mother of a sparing, psychotherapeutic character. In addition, special tasks are set up to improve contact with ill people, educating them to a purposeful activity. As a rule, for this victorious the method of conversation on different topics close to the disease is used, as well as the methods that are used to connect with non-sense types of activity: the simplest design, zmalovuvannya, molding from plasticine, too.
At the next stages of illness, the beginning of the disease is carried out with a rozrachunk on the daedal, it is active, leading the sick person to the recovery process. For whom zastosovyvaetsya perebudovnі methods. Їхнє vikoristannya is not possible without translation of the work into a more complete, familiarized rіven. Tse does not mean that it is necessary to rely on modern automatism, but the main emphasis is on the adoption of other methods of compensation for the defect.
Reinvention of the movable function for any form of aphasia depends on the systemic approach, tobto. transferring the normalization of all the damage to my equals. However, in case of skin aphasic forms, there is a specific problem associated with a primary movable defect.
Afferent motor aphasia: the introduction of articulation schemes of other sounds and, later, the use of literal paraphases, which are blamed on the basis of the mixing of close articulations of the sounds of a movie.
Efferent motor aphasia: renovation of the building to the construction of serial acts of articulation. Take the task of vimaging the vibration of switching from one article into another, from one fragment of a word into another. Tse in his line is closely related to the introduction of the kinetic rhythmic melodies of the word and phrase, as well as the internal linear syntactic scheme of the phrase.
Sensory aphasia: vodnovlennya phonemic hearing, tobto. Zdіbnosti up to differentiation of phonemes that are close in sound to the ear, and on this basis - to the understanding of the language as a whole.
Dynamic aphasia:
1st option - reinvention of the function of mobile programming;
2nd variant - podlannya razladіv grammatical structure.
Acoustic-mnestic aphasia: expansion of the auditory-moving memory, and to bring about the weaknesses of the following, promotions are accepted.
Semantic aphasia: the use of an impressive agramatism, tobto. revival of building up to the adoption of folding logical and grammatical folds of the language.
The work of sublinguing the secondary developments of understanding language, the accumulation of an active vocabulary, the normalization of the grammatical side of language, reading, writing is shown for all forms of aphasia; Obsjag tsієї raboti vyznaєєєєєєєєєєєєєє єєєєєєєє єєє єї є ї ії іnshoy defect, yogo pet vagago zagalї їїїї її ї ї ї ї ї ї і і given type of aphasia.
Alalia
Alalia- systemic underdevelopment of the mov, which is due to the damage of the Kirk current zones in the rivers up to 2-3 years (in the pre-river period), tobto. if the child has not yet denounced the language as a zasіb splkuvannya. Alalia, like and aphasia, is subdivided into engineі sensory Motorna alalia characterized by underdevelopment of expressive language. The child sees difficulties in prompting speech, creates words (rearranges and skips sounds and warehouses), an active dictionary of misunderstandings. With motor alalia, one is also afraid of the destruction of written movement.
At sensory alalia for the sake of hearing, the rationale of the brutal promotion was ruined, tobto. there is a violation of auditory gnosis.
A number of authors (L.O. Badalyan et al.) indicate that motor alalia is most often accompanied by damage, underdevelopment of sensory movement and navpaki. U zv'azku z tsim slid talk about mixed, or total alalia.
Replacing the sound or the letters in the word in English, which is the cause of aphasia - and it appears both in speech and in writing. In case of different localization of lesions, literal paraphasia - nabuvay characteristic fig. Thus, in case of sensory aphasia, the replacement is replaced by phonemically close sounds or letters ("s" is replaced by "z", "b" - by "p"). With afferent motor aphasia, there is a change to elements that are close to the way of moving ("l" - to "n", "m" - to "b").
Psychological dictionary. 2000 .
Marvel at the same "Literal Paraphasia" in other dictionaries:
literal paraphasia- Etymology. Look like lativ. littera letter and Greek. para bіlya, bіlya + phasis mova. Category. Neuropsychological damage. Specificity. Replacing the sound or the letters in the word in English, which is blamed for aphasia and which appears as if in motion, so…
paraphasia- (Greek Para bila, navkolo, phasis mov) change of the necessary sounds (letter) of the mov or slіv into other; incorrectly imbibing okremikh sounds (letter) or slіv oral that written movement. There are two types of P.: literal and verbal. For local ... ... Great psychological encyclopedia
paraphasia- (in the form of Greek para “bіlya, bіlya” and phasis “mova”) - incorrectly imbibing okremikh sounds or letters in the oral language of the written language, mixing elements of words, various words after the praise, pinkness of the sickly character. So, you see...
paraphasia is literal- Change the sound or letters in the word into English. Blame in aphasia and manifests itself both in spoken language and in written language. With different localization, the lesion of literal paraphasia develops characteristic fig. So, with sensory aphasia, a change occurs. Great psychological encyclopedia
paraphasia- (couple + Greek phasis - language). Conjure the first few elements of the movement - replace the words in the words with others, close behind the sound or the sound (P. verbal) and omissions, change, rearrangement of the last sounds in the words, which lead to their creation (P. ... ... Dark glossary of psychiatric terms
- (p. litteralis; lat. litteralis letters) P., which is characterized by overshooting, replacing, rearranging or repeating the same sounds in words ... Great medical dictionary
MOVELNYA RAZLADU- (English speech disorders) disintegration of speech, which has already developed (in adults) or disruption of the normal development of speech in children, caused by various illnesses. R. n. blamed on the strength of various reasons: in times of disruption of the normal spriynyattya sound ... ... Great psychological encyclopedia
aphasia- (Vid Greek. A transverse part and phasis manifested) damage to the language, which is due to local lesions of measles in the left brain (in right-handed people) and is a systemic disorder of various types of movement activity. Appears at ... ... Great psychological encyclopedia
Reverse pardon- - pardons for the hour of reading that at the sheet, which are characterized by a permutation of symbols. Synonym: Paraphasia is literal. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology and Pedagogy
HETEROTROPHY ROSLINI- (Greek heteros іnshі і trepho I live), roslini, nezdatnі vikoristovuvat CO2 like dzherelo Z for inducing organic speech and this will require eating organic sprouts. Proliferations for autotrophic roslins, yak… Great medical encyclopedia
Painful manifestation, most often it sounds with acoustic - mnestic aphasia -. It is characterized by the replacement of the necessary word by another, which enters at once from it in one associative field (for example, the replacement of the word stіl takes on the word stіlets).
Psychological dictionary. 2000 .
Marvel at the same "Verbal Paraphasia" in other dictionaries:
verbal paraphasia- Etymology. Look like lativ. verbalis usni, Greek. para bіla + phasis vislovlyuvannya. Category. Neuropsychological damage. Specificity. It is characterized by replacing the required word with another, which enters at the same time with it in one associative field (for example, ...
Verbal paraphasia- Replacement of the necessary word for others, close to the new one for zmist. Zustrichaetsya most often with acoustic mnestic aphasia.
paraphasia- (Greek Para bila, navkolo, phasis mov) change of the necessary sounds (letter) of the mov or slіv into other; incorrectly imbibing okremikh sounds (letter) or slіv oral that written movement. There are two types of P.: literal and verbal. For local ... ... Great psychological encyclopedia
paraphasia is verbal- Painful manifestation, most often it sounds with aphasia of acoustic mnestic. It is characteristic to replace the necessary word with another, which enters at once from it in the field associative (for example, the replacement of the word "style" gets used to "style"). Glossary of practical... Great psychological encyclopedia
paraphasia- (in the form of Greek para “bіlya, bіlya” and phasis “mova”) - incorrectly imbibing okremikh sounds or letters in the oral language of the written language, mixing elements of words, various words after the praise, pinkness of the sickly character. So, you see... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology and Pedagogy
paraphasia- (couple + Greek phasis - language). Conjure the first few elements of the movement - replace the words in the words with others, close behind the sound or the sound (P. verbal) and omissions, change, rearrangement of the last sounds in the words, which lead to their creation (P. ... ...
- (R. Verbalis) P., which is manifested by replacing words with others, sound close behind the sound characteristic ... Great medical dictionary
MOVELNYA RAZLADU- (English speech disorders) disintegration of speech, which has already developed (in adults) or disruption of the normal development of speech in children, caused by various illnesses. R. n. blamed on the strength of various reasons: in times of disruption of the normal spriynyattya sound ... ... Great psychological encyclopedia
Peak symptoms- (Pick A., 1902, 1904, 1917): 1. A peculiar discord of the eye with old perplexity. An ailment for an hour not to shake things that appear to him, to fix them, if respect is attached to another analyzer by the injection of that object. Dark glossary of psychiatric terms
Perevozhannya in my verbal paraphasia,
what can be seen to different conceptual groups, to
Verbal paraphasics reflect suttivim
sign of the situation; often verbal for-
Minimize to one conceptual group 2
Verbal paraphasia rіdkіsnі 1
Daily
Literal paraphasia
Overriding coarse non-standard literals
of them paraphasic 3
Literal paraphasia (standard and non-
Dartnі), for some characteristic replacements of some
other sounds, permutations of sounds in the middle of the word,
omissions of sounds, addition of forward sounds.
Zustrichayutsya when called, repeated and spon-
cheap movie 2
These are the signs themselves, but slightly pronounced 1
Daily
14. Reasonable situational language and verbal
significant
Povna or mayzhe povna impossibility
situational movie mania, simple gesture commands 3
Destruction of reasoning situational movement, the main
him in rank, according to his rank to the insignificant
for the ailing on those and broken rosemary tea
100 simple commands, especially under the hour of the transition
new job 2
Difficulty in understanding the situational movement and pro-
the verse of commands speaks out only in special minds:
with swedish promo, in the wake of respect for the ailing.
Damage during the day
Set to movie defect
Uninformed destruction of the movie - not again
commemorate pardons in the movie and express themselves wonderfully
laziness, rozdratuvannya, as if the language does not understand ok-
towels 3
Underestimation of the discord of a movie - do not hesitate
paraphasic, navіt verbal, ale zberіgaєsya zagalne
understanding that language is abusive 2
Zrіdka do not rush about okremі Literalni
otherwise, less, verbal paraphasia in
vlasnoi movie 1
Re-confirm the installation to the defect re-
chi, yogo okremim manifest
16. Reading(voice)
Reading the words to the text in a voice is impossible. Inodi
be careful not to read the okremih ideograms or
a lot of simple words 3
The ability to read simple words is saved,
okremikh words from the speech. Practice text-
not readable. Possible parts of the literal
or verbal paralexia 2
Save the opportunity to read
simple texts, but at the same time, they rattle
listening literal and verbal paraphasic.
Faster reading pace 1
Damage is almost daily
Reading (to yourself)
Submission of the state writing-name to the front
it is impossible for some pictures, but up to one or two
h 6-10 presentations 3
Possibility of submitting signatures-names-
nіy to subject pictures and short props
making friends with story pictures about 50%
vipadkiv. Letters from the manager are practically not
turn up 2
Letters of the zavdannya are consigned, wanting to build
expect inaccuracies in roman folding
commands and constructions. It is also possible to chastkove
review of reading texts 1
Damage during the day
Reading letters
Reading letters is impossible, otherwise it can be read one or two
letters written in simple fonts 3
You can read 50% letters.
Pardons (replacement) are not stable. Almost no
hidden stshshzovanno written letters and letters
on aphids masking noise 2
Pardons are zirdka, the head rank
when reading letters, images are invisible
in font or in difficulty for reading conditions
vіyah (laid one on one, on aphids one-
noise-friendly, etc.) 1
Damage during the day
cheating
Write off simple phrases do not go,
save copying less than okremih letters
or warehouses, with which letters can be rude
created 3
A short phrase is written off (or "slave" ko-
), but with overflows, with rude pardons,
yaki "often conjure words beyond recognition
Bridges 2
Okremi pardons, head rank, when sleeping
sivannі, rіdko zustrіchayutsya і richly skladovyh
slіv 1
Damage during the day