International specialization of the small lands of the ocean. Global features of the economic development of the ocean. List of literary journals

In connection with the 3rd period of colonial panvannya and other factors in the most important regions of Oceania, it did not develop a significant development. The main rank of the agrarian land, the basis of the statehood of which is to become tropical - the cultivation of fresh vegetables and fruits, and the frequent breeding. The importance of development was taken away by the sight of strong spodarsky harvesting, in which the colonial powers were planted (for example, the cultivation of coconut palms - their fruits look like dried m'yakot - copra vicory is harvested for the harvesting of various products). Only in some lands (Caledonia, Nauru), de bula mineral syrovina, bula was created cauldron-making industry.

A significant galm of the socio-economic development of the boule is the geographical rose of the large island territories, the distance is one in the same, the camp on the periphery of the world capitalist market. All these factors, at once narrowed down, took the social and economic conservation of the oceanic regions.

In the wake of the state donation of the colonialists of the land of Oceania For years, the appendages of the metropolitan countries were transformed into syrovins, which brought the stars of the strong and industrial syrovin. And wanting to, as it was planned more, none of the rich countries took away what they were able to self-repair, economic and social enslavement of them three, but in the form of neo-colonialism. Vikorstvouyuchi ekonomіchnu vіdstealіst kraїnі, vіdsutnії stink koshіv іn finansuvannya gosudarstva, monopoly okremі dnannya priієmtsі z yaponії, USA, GREAT BRITANії, Australia, New Zelandії invest ії capital іn development of vigіl. Foreign capitalists get and mineral syrovin, sympathetic minds for the products of tropical farming: fruits of coconut palms, kawi, cocoa beans, bananas; Ribnі wealth, mozhlivіst razvitat even pributkovu galusi ekonomіki - that richly іnshoy. And they will organize forest distribution here, create enterprises for the production of brown copalins, conduct a ribi industry, develop transport and communications, build airfields and piers, trade enterprises, hotels and tourist centers.

Controlling the economy of the lands of Oceania, the imperialist powers direct that social, establishing order and norms, power in the bourgeois state of affairs.

For the current state of Oceania, the characteristic is the presence of various social structures. For the greater part of the country, the basis of the economy is to become the natural state of the islanders, to live for the needs of the tropics, to take refuge with the birds and thinness. Part of the viroblenoї tsikh gosudarstva produktsії ide sales.

Rich countries are establishing great capitalist plantation states, vicarious cheap labor force. part of these states was created by the colonialists on the lands taken by the native inhabitants. At the same time, due to the scale of capitalist enterprises, the fruits of coconut palms, bananas and other crops are deviated, like a great drink on the world market, surviving at the power of no less than a few farmers, but monopolistic associations. Stay safe, I’m giving birth, I’m going to recycle it. to rent land to other farmers as well.

With the development of a capitalist plantation state and economic links from the old world of the traditional mіstseviy gospodarsky zaznav profound changes. Other farmers-orendaries appeared to help the local population, and the development of commodity-penny vodnosin increased. However, a significant part of the indigenous population is not involved in the commodity sector of the economy.

Oceanic lands to conduct international trade most importantly with Australia, New Zealand, USA, Japan, Great Britain, Canada, France. As it was already said above, the states should import mineral syrovine, various agricultural products from the Ocean, and import crafts and food products there. In this rank, one of the channels of economic expansion of the great capitalist powers is left behind. The hoverings in the table below show (in %) the current participation in foreign trade in some oceanic regions, for example, in the 70s.

Fallow lands of Oceania as the great capitalist powers in the sphere of trade, just like the penetration of foreign capital into all areas of economic and social life, crossing the reach of the economic independence of the island powers, pose a threat to their sovereignty. Tse sponukaє oceanic powers shukati shlyakhi slyakhi that zabob for unity, schob splimi zusilly podladym ekonomіchnu and social vіdstаlіst, virіshiti sіlnі for all problems.

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Australia and Oceania

1. Key characteristic of Australia: geographical development, natural intelligence, population, cultural and historical development

Australia is a power that occupies the entire mainland, about. Tasmania, as well as a number of other islands. Її official name - the Commonwealth of Australia - vkazuє on the federal system of the country. The Union includes 6 states: New Wales, Victoria, New Australia, Queensland, Western Australia and Tasmania, as well as two territories: the Pivnichna Territory and the Territory of the Capital (in addition, the capital Canberra is included in a separate administrative unit). For riches of economic ostentatious (let's agree to oblige GDP and її per capita) Australia lie down to the most probable corners of the world. Australia is the only power in the world, which occupies the territory of the whole continent, there is no more sea cordon. Її the territory is isolated from other continents, the great markets of the syrovin and the production of products. One of the most favorable factors of the geographical position of Australia is its closeness to the borders of the Asia-Pacific region, which is developing dynamically.

Australia is the greatest continent in the world. Burning and high places occupy more than 5% of the area, open space - mostly empty and empty, overgrown with thorny grass and chagar. Raztashovaniya is more important in tropical and subtropical latitudes, where the tide of sony radiation is great, the Australian mainland is strongly heated. At the link with the weakly porosity of the coastline and the subsidence of the outlying parts of the seas, which will alienate Australia, is weakly signified in the inner parts of the continent. Therefore, the climate of the country's territory of Australia is characterized by a sharp dryness. Australia is the driest continent on Earth. It is remembered how many fall off the poster is only at the beer night and the beer gathering of the mainland. Good health of the coastal plains and skhіdnih skhіlіv of the Great Vododіlny Ridge, as well as about. Tasmania.

The scorching climate, the insignificant and uneven fall of rainfall on the greater part of the mainland lead to the fact that maybe 60% of the territory is allowed to runoff to the ocean, and there may be less than a small amount of timchasovyh watercourses. On the other mainland there are no pavements of weakly laid out treads of internal waters, like in Australia.

Porivnyalna single-nominal intention of the Australian continent's natural minds, it is a naughty rose-like, the little contrast of geologico, the Budovy, Tajef, and Torzoi B_ShO, in the intelligence of the subeconial Tropіn belt, and the reasons for Mensh Yaskravo-ї ore dynamice of the lathers.

Rice of Australian nature is characteristic - її endemic. Australia is the land of backyards, where do you save "digging" growths and creatures.

Australia may have its own order of various kopalini korisni. This is one of the richest mineral resources in the world. New discoveries of mineral resources, developed on the continent for the last ten years, hung on the edge of one of the first places in the world for reserves and a variety of such brown copalins, like stone, coal, uranium, saline, manganese, lead-zinc and copper ore, nickel, gold, silver, diamonds, cobalt, tantalum and others. It has been established by geological investigations that great deposits of oil and gas are located near the tops of the Australian mainland and the shelf on the coast.

Under the deserts and the deserts, at a depth of 20 to 200 m, a large reserve of highly mineralized heat and hot water has been revealed, which can be used for the state's needs.

Nearly 77% of the current population of Australia are the tips of the settlers from the British Isles, who made the Anglo-Australian nation. The rest are migrants from the other lands of Europe, and the rest - from the Asian lands. Over 200 thousand people live near the marvelous country. vyhіdtsіv іz kolishny SRSR, zokrema kіlka desyatkіv tysyach rosіyan. Indigenous people - aborigines - make up 1.2% of the population of Australia. Most of them are near the Pivnichny territory and on the Torres Islands. There the stench leads the traditional way of life of myslivtsiv and electors, as if saving mystically, from the look of Europeans, setting up to mother earth.

Of all the great regions of the world, Australia is the least populated. In this contrast, the expansion of the borders of the continent is also superbly great. Approximately 1/4 of the area of the edge that is populated and developed, which can be for the natural change of mind - Pivdenniy Skhid, Pivnichny Skhid and Pivdenniy Zakhid. Over 80% of the population is here. Most of the Australian cities are also important here, among them the largest - Sydney (4 million osib), Melbourne (3.5 million), Brisbane (1.4 million), Perth (1.2 million), Adelaide (1.1 million osib ). The high rate of urbanization (85%) in Australia is even higher.

Glibin areas are rarely populated. The population there lives on water-kremlin farms, which are found one from one in a dozen or hundreds of kilometers. In some areas, there are small patches, which are connected with the primary processing of strong mineral products like mineral syrovin.

Australia enters to the warehouse of Spivdruzhnosti, the head of state is the British monarch, who is represented by the Governor General, who is appointed for the recommendation of the Australian order. Vidpovidno to the strict rule, which lies at the basis of the parliamentary system, whose nominal head of state is only outside the order, the prime minister is the minister. Prime minister, by tradition, leader of the party of the parliamentary grandeur.

The key role of the state of the country is to lay down the handicrafts of the shoe industry and the strong state of the country, which thoroughly draws Australia from other industrially different countries and closer to Canada. The country borrows the first place from the world for a bottle of bauxite, zinc, diamonds, another - for a bottle of gold, uranium and lead, a third - for a bottle of nickel and gold. Vaughn also enters the light leaders from the vidobotku vugillya, manganese, sribl, midi, tin. Australian fire and syrovina are direct and important to Japan, the USA and Western Europe. Resources of oil and gas provide domestic consumption of the country.

Australia also borrows the leading place in the world for the production of expensive (jewelry) stone, such as sapphire and opal.

Sіl'ske gospodarstvo - vysokotovarne, richly galuzev, technically well-equipped, which can clearly express export character. For the big vartistyu sіlskogospodarskogo eksporta Australia does less than the United States, and, according to yogo varnosti per capita, there are no other peers. The country is to import wheat, meat, zukor, sheep wool, for the flocks of those outside the world. The most important and specific feature of the Australian animal kingdom is vivcharstvo.

The main trade links in Australia are developed from the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. Leading trading partners include Japan, USA, New Zealand, Republic of Korea. Economical vidnosiny from Russia sit in an insignificant place.

australia oceania geographic population

2. Significant characteristic of Oceania: geographic development, natural intelligence, population, cultural and historical development

Oceania - the largest group of islands in the world, located near the central and western parts of the Pacific Ocean between 28 ° la. i 52° longitude, 130° north longitude and 105°W The total area of the region is over 800 yew. km2, which is to become less than 0.7% of the water area of the Pacific Ocean, de stink is roztashovani. Therefore, you often travel between the islands for thousands of kilometers. The total population of the region is over 12 million.

Rozpodil Oceania on Melanesia (Black Islands), Polynesia (Bagatoostriv'ya) and Micronesia (Small Islands) goiter with the proposition of the French successor Dumont-Durville in 1832, which laid the foundation for its differentiation of the racial identity. Micronesians (Marshall, Caroline, Maryansk Islands, Gilbert and Nauru Islands) and Polynesians (Marquesian Islands, Partnership Islands, Tuamotu, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, Cook Islands, Hawaiian, Great) may be a rich sign of the Mongoloid race. Melanesians (New Guinea, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Solomon Islands, Fiji) are close to the natives of Australia.

The cob of the European exploration of the Ocean was laid by the Portuguese and Spanish conquistadors in the era of great geographical discoveries. The process of sovereignty in Oceania began in the 60s. XX Art. Powers of the region lie down to the smallest and smallest. Navit such a “giant” on the scale of Oceania, like Papua New Guinea (PNG), with a population of 5.3 million, and the Republic of Fiji is advancing behind it - less than 1 million. the kіlka has a thousand inhabitants.

The island states are counted exclusively on non-numbered populations (Papua New Guinea is blamed, the number of population exceeds 5.5 million). Strokatim is the ethnic warehouse of the population of the islands. Mіstsevі movi are subdivided into two groups - Papuan and Austronesian (or Malayo-Polynesian). The Papuan population is more compact, the majority of the population of New Guinea and the Bismarck archipelago. As far as the Austronesians (their number in Oceania reaches 500!), then the inhabitants of the Solomon Islands, New Hebrides, New Caledonians are considered to be the Melanesian group of peoples; residents of the Caroline, Marshall Islands, Gilbert Islands, Nauru belong to the Micronesian group of peoples; residents of the islands of Tonga, Samoa, Tokelau, Cook (Maori, Hawaiians, Taites, Tongu and others.) - up to the Polynesian group. The population of the islands in Fiji is ethnic. On some islands there are colonies of Chinese, Filipinos, Javanese and others.

At the borders of the Oceania, the larger and smaller ones are clearly distinguished by the following physical and geographical areas:

1. New Guinea and the adjacent islands (the natural specifics of one of the largest islands in the world - New Guinea, as well as the Solomon Islands adjacent to it, the Bismarck archipelago and the others are assigned to us in front of the near-equatorial camp; especially in New Guinea) smoky mangroves compete);

2. New Caledonia, New Hebrides and Fiji (the region is more distant from the equator, lower New Guinea, and is known for the most important influx of pivdenno-shidnyh pasativ);

3. Micronesia, which is a group of islands (Mariansk, Caroline, Marshall, Palau, Anson, Hilbert) coral or volcanic trekking;

4. Central and Pivdenna Polynesia, which includes to its warehouse the archipelagos of Samoa, Cook, Tovaristva, Tubua, Markizski, Lain and others, Vityagnі, as a rule, from the pіvnіchny entry to the pіvnіchny stop uzdovzh linіy breaks of the ocean, sho tread the bottom of the Pacific;

5. Pivnіchna Polynesia, represented by the Hawaiian Islands, rotting near the central part of the sea (on a pіvnіchna tropіk);

6. New Zealand is the only physical and geographical region of Oceania, which lies at subtropical and peaceful latitudes.

Before the advent of Europeans, the indigenous inhabitants of Oceania were engaged in watering, fishing, and primitive farming. The colonialists, vicarious gracious natural mind and gratuitous practice, began to plant plantation states, specializing in export crops, such as coconut palm, cane cane, rubber, pineapple, bananas, kava, cocoa. Widespread vivenance of the valuable breeds of the village. As a result, the economy of the islands of Nabul has an export monocultural character.

There are 26 territories up to Oceania, 10 of them (including New Zealand) are independent powers (Table 11.2), and some are independent lands. The majority of non-sovereign territories are, in fact, colonial territories of the United States (American Samoa, Guam, the Marshall Islands, Midway Island, Micronesia, Palau, Pivnichni Marian Islands, Wake Island), which may have the status of “US territory that did not come”, “ Freely Associated with the USA” and “Friendship with the Political Union of the USA”.

Є th paradox. Thus, the independent state of Papua New Guinea, spread out in the lower part of the island, extends to Oceania, and the western part of the island into the territory of Indonesia and, later, enters the PVA warehouse. The Hawaiian Islands occupy a special place near Oceania. Geographically, the stink lies to the region of Oceania, ale є territory (50th state) of the USA.

A power with a separated market economy - New Zealand (which stands for the land of Oceania), has been divided by the head rank of two islands - Pivnichny and Pivdenny, divided by the Cook Canal.

For the powers of that Volodymyr in the Oceania, the exchange of resources (labor, land, mineral and syrup) appears, which, in order of the difficulties of inter-island prosperity, streams independent development of the economy. The main sphere of activity of the population is the agricultural state, at the warehouse of which there is an export monocultural sector (coconut palm, cane, pineapple, bananas, kava, cocoa). At the turn of the XX - XXI century. in the krains of the region, there are genera of rich species with brown copalins, chromite, bauxite, naphtha. The largest of them are found in Papua New Guinea, as we can seriously invest in mineral resources for the purpose of economic growth. Already at the same time, the state hangs up to the memory of exporters of copper concentrate and gold.

Vivezennya silskogospodarskoy chi mineral siroviny є brazier, іnkoly zherel otrimannya currency, necessary social and economic growth. The part of the employed population is more important for the rural state. Nearly 10% of the light export of copra, 90% of the light harvest of pineapples falls on Oceania. The industry is represented by only small enterprises from the primary processing of export crops, the production of brown copalins.

Usі kraїni Oceanії mayut znachnі maritime biological resources. The total area of the marine economic zone of the krai Oceania is over 12 million km2. Fishing is expanding (the river catch is 300 thousand tons, which does not exceed 0.25% of the light catch). International tourism is developing. Most of the main galleys of the export state are being run by international monopolies. With this region's acute social problem, the region has a mass unemployment.

The Republic of Nauru occupies a special place among the young powers of Oceania. The same island, on which it is roztashovana, is a dry land plot 53 km on the day from the equator. Independent since 1968 * republic with a population of 12 thousand. osіb (of them, maybe half of them are foreigners) may have their own president, parliament, cabinet of ministers, sprat of departments, zocrema of foreign rights. The road of the fence for about 20 km has been repackaged by transport barriers. I create difficulties not only for travelers, but also for the national airline, as a victorious part of the highway for the flight and landing of large aircraft, which lie down. Golovnya, the lower republic is famous for its phosphority. Zavdyaki nadzvichayno low sobіvartostі їх vidobutku, scho zdіysnyuєtsya by the state-owned company, the country, realіzuyuchi phosphorus on the foreign market, otrimuє znachnі income. In this hour, the Republic of Nauru is the greatest power of the region.

Genera of phosphorite in mayzhe vycherpani. However, a great penny fund was formed in the republic for the revenues from exports and investments were made in stability beyond the cordon (mainly in Australia) in order to get ahead, after the total supply of phosphorites, the country could use it for hundreds of thousands of dollars. In the rest of Nauru, offshore finance is also actively developing. There are about 400 offshore banks in the country. Establishing a bank in Nauru is just as easy as giving the island a reputation as a summative offshore center.

Zagale edge of Oceania from the point of view of the dawn equal to the well-being of the local population can be divided into chotiri groups:

1. the cryonic state of Nauru - the single land of Oceania (without New Zealand), de GDP per capita okremі roki (revenge income from rozrobki phosphorites) reaching 15 ths. USD get more. It doesn't matter if Nauru is close to Bahrain, Qatar, and Brunei just a short distance from Nauru's economy;

2. Fiji can be classified as another group with GDP per capita close to 6 thousand. USD USA. Richly rokіv tsya kolishnya english colony was a clear plantation economy with a specialization in the cultivation of cane. Today, the amount of specialization has been supplemented by the tourism industry and general industry;

3. Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Samoa and Vanuatu - regions, where GDP per capita is about 2-6 thousand. USD. They are characterized by the conservation of traditional ways, a weak development of commodity-penny vodnosin, and the overriding of the agricultural state. In a row, Papua New Guinea develops a bakery industry, on the Solomon Islands - a rib processing industry, and Vanuatu - a sector of services;

4. other island powers - Tonga, Kiribati and Tuvalu with GDP per capita from 1 to 2 thousand. USD The United States and the specialization of the economy in the agricultural state (the production of copra and other products of tropical farming).

At one time, the us lands of the Oceania have richly developed strategic moments in the development of the state, for example, from the development of marine biological resources and the resources of the seabed, the development of high-commodity tropical arable farming.

When analyzing the ninth social and economic situation, we should remember the situation that the reason for the burying of the islands in the Oceania was economical, and the military-strategic. Even more often, the islands "changed" their masters, passed from hand to hand. Deyakі powers, seeking independence, nabuli raznih forms will arrange. A large number of colonies of Great Britain were left at the warehouse of Spivdruzhnosti, low territory voted about the freedom of association with the USA, French Polynesia may have the status of "overseas territory" of France too.

At the beginning of the XXI century. The edges of the Oceania are characterized by territorial roz'dnanistyu, dribnosovereignty and small population, high density of the natural resource base, the importance of the lively agrarian sector, state specialization in the development of recreational and tourist galleys, transit galleys.

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Population

It's true, regardless of those that Australia develops according to all European demographic laws - low population and low mortality, even in its own nationality. The great influx of the ancestral population to the tsiєї krai will set the figure for the population growth of over 215 thousand people in 2016.

There is one more peculiarity of the population - the whole of the population. Vaughn vvazhaetsya the lowest in the world - 2 individuals per 1 square. km of the middle of the wild shows in the country. If I want urbanization, I’m still European, more than high – 86%, here the population point is taken into account from the number of people over 1000 people. Australia has a total of 5 places with a population of over 1 million - Sydney, Perth, Melbourne, Brisbane and Adelaide. Near the capital of the country - Canberra - there are only a few inhabitants close by.

For the rest of the population census, there are twenty chotiri and half a million inhabitants in Australia. Australia is a rich national country, and here is another amazing statistic - 25% of all residents were not born in the Australian Union, and even 25% of the population of both fathers are not native inhabitants, well, the next 25% - they want one of the fathers to be born not in Australia.

Industries of Australia

For the development of industry, and especially power engineering and machine-building, the country needs a lot of water-coated copalin. Australia can have sufficient reserves of natural gas, as well as stone and brown coal. There is not enough oil here, and it is more importantly imported. Natomist іz vidobotku uranium kraїna sіdає another place near the world. There is a large number of colored and expensive metals on the surface of the mainland. The country borrows the first month for the production of lead, opal, manganese, gold, silver and saline ore.

Energy

(Wood plant near the mountains of Australia)

Electric power stations operate on the wet paliva, and in the mountains of Tasmania and the Lower Mountains, hydroelectric power stations generate 10% of the electricity of the Australian Union.

machine-building

(Australian car builder Holden, semi-independent, now owned by General Motors)

Avtomobilebuduvannya, avіаbuduvannya kraїnі on nalezhnogo rіvnі. Australia is one of the poorest countries in the world, as it is engaged in domestic automobile production from design wineries to production. In the country's strong machine-building industry, life is important, and it develops according to modern standards of quality.

Transport

(Accurate lines of transshipment transport in Australia)

Oskelki Australia is known in the great country in other countries, in it there are rich ports. Sea transportation takes the first place in all logistics countries. Numerical railroads and motor roads create problems for the transportation of the middle country.

Silsk state

Consolidation of the greater part of all of its history Australia was a strong subdarial country. The phrase "Australia galloping on top of the wind" meant that the country had a well-established vivcharstvo. I this year's vіvcharstvo borrows not the remaining space from the creatures of Australia. Export of mutton today is over 400 thousand Australian dollars. Ale rozvedennya that sales of great horned leanness at the first place in the silskogospodarsky galuzi region. The past year, the export of yalovichini has become over 900 thousand AU$. Sales of wet dairy products cost 4 months in the export of the country.

(Vіvcharstvo in Australia)

Australia sings a great number of wolves and wolves. Ribnitstvo and breeding of aquaculture - grows with skin rock. And the axis of poultry breeding and security is oriented mainly to the domestic market.

(Amazing black salt rates in Australia)

Like in any other country, the economy of Australia will lie in the midst of all geophysical and climatic minds. For a little distance, the parts are dry, other problems are dealt with by the country painlessly, those two wadis Australia has long been living with small expenses.

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY

Rozdil 5
REGIONS OF THE SVITU

5.5. LOOKING OUT OF AUSTRALIA AND THE FAMILY OCEAN

5.5.6. Economy of Oceania

The only separated land in Oceania is New Zealand. There's a lot of sleep in Australia. Ce industrial country with the rise of the silsk state, the great post-manufacturer of the production of the light market. Stocks with brown copalins in New Zealand are less, lower in Australia, for equal development of craftsmanship, the same is done to the Australian.

In the state of the other lands of Oceania, tropical farming and fishing prevail. Growing coconut palms, root crops (yams, taro, cassava), cane reed, bread tree, bananas, vegetables and fruits. Breeding pigs, great horned thinness and kіz. In some countries, for example, copper and gold are mined from Papua New Guinea, and nickel from New Caledonia.

The economy of the lands of Oceania is still weakly to blame. The cost of life of the local population is very low. The statehood to lie in large and small metropolises. Navkolishne middle of Oceania suffered from the testing of nuclear weapons and the destruction of the forests.

The edges of the Oceania are daily, innumerable and roaming in significant places one in one near the Pacific Ocean. To solve the world, the stench of chirping is of tourist, strategic and transport and communication significance. Possibly, the edge of the region, if it is possible to improve vigilance and steel, but, perhaps, it will not be soon.

Control nutrition

1. What are the favorable natural and climatic features of Europe for government activities?

2. The essence of confederation.

3. The main problems of foreigners - natives in Europe.

4. Laws of expansion of religions in Europe.

5. Is it possible to get from the Black Sea to the Pivnichny Sea with the inland waterways of Europe?

6. Transport for obsyagy main transport in Europe?

7. Providna galuz of craftsmanship in Europe.

8. A friend behind the meanings of craftsmanship in Europe.

9. Which power stations in Europe generate the main electricity supply?

10. Regions of Europe, where there is a wider and more intensive dairy production.

11. In some countries, the role of maritime transport is especially remembered.

12. What region of Europe lies Ukraine?

13. Expand the understanding of "New World".

15. Explain who are mulati, mestizo, sambo, creoles.

17. Where are the streets and the streets between Central America?

18. How can the products of industrialism and the agricultural state of the krains of America be exported?

19. In some parts of America, why is there international tourism?

20. If Canada has become an industrial-agrarian power?

21. What is the trick of craftsmanship in Pivdenny America?

22. Yak is the main crop of the USA? And in Canada?

23. What are the friendly minds of Latin America about the development of inland water transport?

24. How do you see the copalins of Asia?

25. Name the largest Asian peoples.

26. Do you know what world religions are, de vinikli stinks?

27. How does the bogeyman of the state overtake the economies of the greater Asian countries?

28. Understanding the "golden tricout".

29. The main export agricultural cultures of Asia.

30. Economically separated and economically developed steel lands of Asia.

31. Friendly and unfriendly for the government activity in the lands

32. Which countries of Asia have pipeline transport?

33. Export agricultural culture of the lands of Asia.

34. How many countries of Asia can you understand "new industrial powers", "tigers", "dragons" just?

35. What are the accessory African rivers for navigation? Round the vid-..........................................

36. Grow on top of the Kilimanjaro tree?

37. On the yakі korisnі kopalinі rich kraїnі of Africa?

38. How did the green revolution affect the African economy?

39. What do you know about ethnic conflicts in Africa?

40. Why do people think that the population of Madagascar is independent?

41. What is the origin of the Egyptian language?

42. What are the bells and whistles of nayrozvinenishi on the African continent?

44. The main features of the old trade in Africa.

45. Describe the camp of transport in Africa.

46. When did the Australian Union settle down?

47. Which region of Australia has the most developed regions?

48. What are the chances of earthquakes in Australia?

49. What is Australia rich in natural resources?

50. Is Oceania destashed?

51. How did the islands of Oceania settle down?

52. Pitoma of the Anglo-Saxons among the population of Ninish Australia.

53. Who is respected by the natives of Oceania?

54. Describe the structure of the Australian economy.

55. Yaka galusi s_lskogo gospodarstvo є provіdnoy in Australia - roslinnitstvo chi tvarinnitstvo?

56. Main export and import statistics of Australia.

58. Similar signs of the economies of Australia and New Zealand.

What anthropogenic factors have plunged into Oceania's dowkill?

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Global Rice of the Economic Development of the Oceania

Oceania is a geographic, often geopolitical region of the world, which consists of hundreds of small islands and atolls near the central and western parts of the Pacific Ocean. Zagalna area to become 8.52 million km², population - 32.6 million people. Geographically, Oceania is subdivided into Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia; some people see New Zealand.

At the link with the 3rd period of colonial panuvannya and other factors in the most important regions of Oceania, the economy did not develop a significant development. The main rank of the agrarian land, the basis of the government of which is laid down by tropical farming - the cultivation of various vegetables and fruits, and the frequent breeding. The importance of development was taken away by such a sight of strong spodar cultivation, in which the colonial powers were planted (for example, the cultivation of coconut palms - their fruit is like dried pulp - copra vicorous for various products). Only in some lands (New Caledonia, Nauru), de bula mineral syrovina, bula was created cauldron-making industry.

As a result, the state colonizers of the lands of Oceania were transformed into syrovin appendages of the metropolises, which brought in the stars of the strong and industrial syrovin. I want, as it was planned more, none of the richer lands took away independence, and they were able to self-regulate, economically and socially enslavement of them three, but the form of neo-colonialism.

Controlling the economy of the lands of Oceania, the imperialist powers direct that social life, establishing orders and norms, ruling the bourgeois state of affairs. For the current state of Oceania, the characteristic is the presence of various social structures. The Crimea of tropical farming, a small development in the oceanic lands, was taken away by creatures - the breeding of great and dry horned thinness, pigs, birds.

The economic development of the lands of the Oceania is a significant world to lie in the energy recovery of the current state. It should be noted that the energy resources of the country are small. So far, no significant reserves of stone wool, oil, and gas have been found here. Hydropower resources of Oceania are also not rich. Less than deyakі islands may be able to generate hydropower. Such feasibility, for example, in Papua New Guinea, the life of hydroelectric power stations is made difficult here through the marriage of financial benefits and technical knowledge.

Industry in the majority of the krai is weakly vindicated and is not satisfied with the needs of the domestic market. Significant part of the industrial enterprises is engaged in the processing of agricultural syrovin. Coconut oil, tyutyunovі vorob, tea, canned fruits and juices, etc. are produced at small factories. Developed traditional crafts: basket weaving, thin mats, making art pieces from wood and other materials, jewelery pieces, souvenirs, acclaimed for tourists and exporters.

The presence of brown copalins in some lands has stole the creation of garnicho-boot industry. On the island of Nauru, a variety of phosphorites is produced, on New Caledonia - more importantly for nickel. Galuzi's products are mainly exported, which gives these countries (for example, Nauru) a significant penny income. But for the economy of such countries, it is typical for the dominating camp of the furnishing industry of the middle of the lower borders of the state, and the general industry and the strong government of the rich are weaker.

Important galluses of the state of the oceanic powers - fishing and the processing of ribi is associated with it. Coastal fishing for ribs is a big part of the life of the local population. Prote now fishing is gaining commercial and export directivity. Growing and promising galusias of the economy of the deyah powers are forest and woodworking galusi of industry. Unfinished wood, cod, cellulose and other types of woodworking are exported on a large scale to Japan, Australia, New Zealand and other countries. The exploitation of the forest resources of the island powers, the destruction of forests, the reduction of valuable tree species, etc., lead to a sharp deterioration in the ecological balance in nature, which negatively affects the life of the island peoples.

In rich countries, an important place was taken by the "industry of tourism", which is the source of foreign currency. Fiji, Tonga, Vanuatu, French Polynesia and other countries deduct 20-30% of all currency from tourism. The development of tourism is supported by the life of roads, airfields, trade enterprises and communication. bud. Tourism vyklikav zbіlshennya drink traditіynі rіsnіchі virobi. Significant part of the local population was drawn into the tourist service sector.

Oceanic lands conduct the most important trade with Australia, New Zealand, USA, Japan, Great Britain, Canada, France. As has already been said above, the states should import mineral syrovine, lіs, and various agricultural products from the Ocean, and import crafts and food products there. In this way, the current trade is being left behind by one of the channels of the economic expansion of the great capitalist powers.

Bigger countries of the Oceania may have a rather weak economy, which is due to dekilkom reasons: the exchange of natural wealth, the remoteness of the light markets, the production of products, the lack of highly qualified specialists. There were few powers to lie in the financial support of other lands.

The basis of the economy of the large krai of Oceania is to become the agricultural state (the production of copra and palm oli) and fishing. Among the most important agricultural crops are the coconut palm, bananas, and the bread tree. Mayuchi majestic vinyatkovі ekonomіchnі zones and not maiyuchi great fishing fleet, the ukraine kraїnії see licenses for the right to vil ribi to the courts of other powers (mainly Japan, Taiwan, USA), which will significantly increase the state budget. Hirnichodobouvna craftsmanship is most widely spread in Papua New Guinea, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand. Oceania Virobnizstvo State Trade

Significant part of the population is occupied by the sovereign sector. For the rest of the hour, visit the development of the tourism sector of the economy.

Naming the region, the country and the ensign of the country	Area (km²)	Population	Population size (person/km²)
Australia
Australia				Canberra	AUD (Australian Dollar)
coconut islands				West Island	AUD (Australian Dollar)
Norfolk Island				Kingston	AUD (Australian Dollar)
Ostrіv Rіzdva				Flying Fish Cove	AUD (Australian Dollar)
Melanesia
				Port Vila
Irian Jaya (Indonesia)				Jayapura, Manokwari
New Caledonia (France)					XPF (French Pacific Franc)

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		Port Moresby
Solomon Islands				SBD (Solomon Islands Dollar)
				FJD (Fiji Dollar)
Micronesia
Guam (USA)				USD (US Dollar)
Kiribati			Pivdenna Tarava	AUD (Australian Dollar)
Marshall Islands

			Melekeok
Pivnichni Mariana Islands (USA)
Athol Wake (USA)
Micronesia
Polynesia
American Samoa (USA)			Pago Pago, Fagatogo
Baker Island (USA)	deserted
Hawaii (USA)			Honolulu
Athol Johnston (USA)
Reef Kingman (USA)	deserted
Midway Islands (USA)
New Zealand (New Zealand)
New Zealand			Wellington	NZD (New Zealand Dollar)
Cook Islands (New Zealand)
Palmyra Atoll (USA)
Great Day Island (Chile)			Hanga Roa
Pitcairn Islands (Great Britain)			adamstown
				WST (Samoan tala)
Tokelau (New Zealand)
			Nuku'alofa	TOP (Tongan pa "anga)
			Funafuti
Wallis and Futuna (France)
French Polynesia (France)
Howland Island (USA)	deserted

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International specialization of the small lands of the ocean. Global features of the economic development of the ocean. List of literary journals

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