Organization of supply from great companies. Purchasing portfolio segmentation. Delivery work: how to form and how to manage Organization of work delivery

The provision of workshops and production workers with material resources is the final stage of material and technical provision. The forms of organization of this process should be based on specific types of minds, peculiarities of materials, type of selection and other officials. Rational organization is carried out before the designation of the consumption of workshops in materials and the installation of limits, preparation of materials before the production, admission and delivery of them to the work station, control over the glassing of material resources.

The need for basic materials in the minds of mass production and large-scale production is financed by planning groups in charge of material and technical security, at enterprises with small-scale and single production - planning production; for additional materials - supporters.

Provision of material resources for manufacturing workshops, distribution and other subdivisions of enterprises transferring such functions:

· installation of kіlkіsnyh and yakіsnyh zavdan іz postachannya (limіtuvannya);

· Preparation of material resources before the harvest;

· Allowing the delivery of material resources from the warehouse of the service of delivery to the locality її without intermediary delivery, or to the warehouse of the workshop, business;

· Operative regulation of deliveries;

· Form and control over the selection of material resources in the enterprises.

The functions of the material and technical supply at the enterprises win two milestones: the material and technical supply and the existing cooperation. The first one is responsible for the supply of raw materials and materials, the other - for components and raw materials. Offenses were ordered to intercede to the intercessor of the director of commercial catering. At the їhnoy order, there are warehouses of the factory recognition. At the structure of the services of the supply of goods, they transfer goods (material) inputs, groups, bureaus, which specialize in the supply of goods from other types of resources. Krіm commodities, at vіddіlі є that dispatcher group is planned. The first plan is economical and shows the efficiency of the delivery, and the other will provide transport services.

In the right organization of the material and technical supply of the enterprise, an important role is played by the rank of limit, which is its own norm of vitrati siroviny, material, necessary and sufficient for yakіsnoї produktsії. Limits on all kinds of materials and materials that are used for manufacturing, put together the technical services of the manufacturing company together with the chief technologist and representatives of the material and technical supply.

The supply of workshops with materials is established at the highest quality until the limits are set and specific features of the production. Stop paying for the schedules of deliveries, the basics of which materials are delivered to the workshops. The limit is set depending on the production program for the workshop and the specific standards of the inspection. Rozrahunok limit zdijsnyuєtsya for the formula

L = P ± Pnz.p + H3 – O, (1)

de L – limit of given nomenclature of products; P - the need for the workshop in materials for the production of the manufacturing program; Rz.p - the need for the workshop in materials to change the unfinished manufacturing (+ sbіlshenya, - zmenshenya); H3 - the standard for the workshop stock of given products; О - rozrahunkovy ochіkuvaniy surplus ts_єї produktsії shop cob planned period.

Rozrahunok vykonuєtsya at natural displays. The need for materials for the selection of the milling manager is determined by the way of the multiplication program of the milling on the norms of vitrati on the standard mills. So the need for the materials to change the unfinished production, that is, is self-sufficient. by the way of multiplying the pilgrimage norms to change the program of unfinished production in the planned period.

The workshop stock is determined by the necessary changes and deposits depending on the size of the batch of products that are delivered to the workshop, the average finish, and also on the cyclicity of the production. The surplus of material resources at the workshop is determined by the results of the work of the workshop in the period ahead of the planned one for the formula

O \u003d OF + Vf - (R.p. + R e.n. + Rz.p + Rbr), (2)

de Of - actual surplus on the first number behind the inventory data of the accounting form; Vf - the number of materials released to the workshop for the entire period; Rop - actual vitrata on the basis of virobnitstvo; Re n - actual cost for repair and maintenance needs; Rnz.p - actual change of unfinished sifting; Rbr - vitrata shlub (registration by an act of decommissioning).

Actual cost on the basis of volatility and repair and maintenance needs is secured by a way of multiplying the actual costs of working on the norms of the cost of material resources that are developed in a given period.

The installation limit is fixed in the plan-card, limit card, limit or pick-up information, which can be sent to the warehouse and workshop. The plan - the map sounds zastosovuetsya at the mass and large-scale production, tobto. in the minds of stable consumption and clear regulation of virobnitstva. They are asked to set a limit for the dermal type of materials, the term is the amount of supply of the batch. The warehouse delivers batches of materials to the leather shop at the installed terminus with its own transport facilities. The permit їх is issued by the priymalno-zdavalnym waybills. The plan-cart form has a streamlined appearance of the delivery plan.

Let's take a look at the traditional delivery system. Tsya supply system is based on the principle of presence of stocks. In any case, it is necessary to draw up a document about the removal of the material necessary for the selection of material from the stock of the warehouse. The necessary materials are picked up at the warehouse and transferred by the transport system to the evacuator or delivered directly to the work station.

What is the cost, as it is necessary for the acquisition of material in its warehouse, to fight for a request from the purchasing authority. On the basis of the request, the purchasing authority draws up a proposal and pays it to the postmaster. The postal worker accepts orders and ensures the delivery of goods. Under the patronage-deputy, large batches of materials are administered, sound, by automobile and railway transport. Reminders of vantage should be accepted at the warehouse of the enterprise. Here they review the quality of materials, their validity of applicants for quantity and nomenclature. After the issuance of official documents about the possession of goods and stench, they are delivered to the okremі robnictva.

Obsyag dokudoobіgu for the traditional posting system looks like this: de viddіl purchaser or intermediary transfers 9 - 10 documents to the postal worker, and the postal worker, after receiving the application, transfers up to 14 documents to the postal worker.

The execution of that processing of numerical forms takes a lot of time, which the head of the significant shkod of the deputy, as they check on the material. The trivality of the cycle of organization of deliveries leads to possible pardons at the vikonan’s prayer. Pardons are only shown if the materials have already been delivered for recognition. Obrobka tsієї nіїї nіїї sukupnі і forms іn transfer іnіvnіstі vіdpovіdnogo personnel i drіgne znachnі vіtrati.

The head of the shortfall of the traditional system of purchasers - the need for large stocks and complex warehouses with powerful administrative offices and practical offices. The main statistics of the management of stocks and warehouses can be grouped as follows: for service personnel: to conduct warehouse workers and servicemen; spending on social needs of employees and service workers; expenses on transport costs: depreciation; spend on fire that energy; vitrati for preventive and in-line repairs; insurance and donations for transport benefits; utrimannya warehousing applications: depreciation warehousing budіvel; depreciation of warehouse property; vitrati for preventive maintenance; waste on burning, electricity and water; insurance of future land tax, rent; stockpiles for the conservation of stocks: the protection of warehouses and old materials; corrosion and other causes; rozbіzhnostі at the results of the inventory (pardon for the appearance of the admission permit); stealing; wait; spend a lot of price reductions; stock insurance.

Rapid delivery system

At this time, there are a number of post-processing methods, oriented to the specific need of manufacturing:

. Kanban method» (splits in Japan with the method of supply management in the minds of streaming production; insurance needs, as a way out of end installation);

. materials planning system(MRP), to be specified at the direct intercomputer connection; what about the planning on three levels: on the first level, the planning program is created, then - the distribution of materials and the management of purchases (here, in fact, the decision to the plan is transmitted through the return link to the planning level, and the system is closed).

. "Just in time" method, for the help of which, as a result of the parts (“dribnyh”), the accumulated stocks are sharply quickly accumulated;

.requisition system, for which postal workers fit standard contracts for a three-year period of need, and data on actual needs are calculated on the basis of a step-by-step clarification;

. predictive indicator method(drinks on a large party the purchaser is formed on the first line, and then the specific delivery order is given in the order before drinking);

.electronic-information method of communication of the client andpostal leader on the basis of the transfer of the necessary data, if the request is received at a glance, and the data on the delivery of that transport is specified from the direct or computer connection.

Analysis, determination of the consumption of rozrahunkimaterials that are being purchased

In the planning process, the purchaser must determine: what materials are needed; number of materials, which are needed for product development; an hour, if you need the stench; mozhlivostі postachalnikіv, yakі can be purchased goods; necessary areas for storage facilities; spend on purchases; the ability to organize the choice of certain details to one’s own undertaking.

Yakshcho drink calmly kolivaetsya, next speed up colivan smoothing method. Zastosuvannya this method dotsilno at regular intervals repeating (for example, seasonal) kolivan drink a final product. Reimbursement is within reach of the actual improvement in the previous period and the predicted values, repaid for the same period:

forecast for the new period = forecast for the previous period + aX(Actually slowdown in the previous period - forecast for the previous period).

A bunch of numbers in the okremi period are corrected for the help of the so-called factor a, the value of which is between 0 and 1. What is the greater value a, Tim vagomіshy vplіv nayblizhchih past periods, and the most suitable way to assess the actual state of health.

Determination method vyznachennya need for materials victorious, if you have a singing period, you need to write that need for materials for a few lines.

Stochastic Method means that the basis of the analysis is the mathematical and statistical methods that give an assessment to the need.

For help heuristic method it is necessary to sign up for the approval of the practitioners.

Choose the method of assigning the consumption of materials to deposit according to the profile of the company, the capacity of the depositor, the type of harvest, the visibility and type of warehouses, the control system for the storage camp.

Purchasing method

Vibіr way zakupіvel deposit vіd skladnostі kіntsevogo goods, warehouse komplektuyuchih virobіv і materіalіv. The main methods of purchasing are: wholesale purchases; . regular purchases in different lots;

Purchases in the world require different combinations of resurfacing methods.

The leather method can make its own gain and shortcomings, as it is necessary to protect, in order to save an hour and speed up the waste. Let's take a look at the most victorious methods.

Purchase of goods in one batch. The method of transferring the supply of goods in a large batch at a time (wholesale purchases). Other advantages: simplicity of document execution, guarantee of delivery of the successful batch, promotion of trade discounts. Nedoliki - great need for warehouse applications, increased turnover of capital.

Regular purchases in different batches. And here the buyer declares the necessary number of goods, as it is delivered to you in batches during the singing period. The advantages of this method are as follows: the turnover of capital is accelerated, the oskіlki goods are paid for by hiring okremih parties; reach savings in warehouse space; quickly waiting for the documentation of the delivery, the slips are issued less than a request for all deliveries. Some shortfalls: the possibility of overstocking a large quantity of goods; the need to pay for all the quantity of goods assigned to the buyer.

Schedennі (shomіsyachnі) purchases for quotation rates. This method of purchasing is widely used there, where cheap and cheap goods are purchased. Cotiruvalnі v_domosti sladyutsya schomіsyatsa and include such vіdomіstі: povniy transfer of commodіv; number of goods, which are in stock; number of goods required.

Advantages of this method: faster turnover of capital, lower costs for savings and savings, self-delivery.

Consumption of goods in the world. This method is similar to the regular supply of goods, but is characterized by such features: the number of goods that are supplied is not restored, but is estimated approximately; postal officers in front of the vicons of the skin zamovlennya zv'azuyuyutsya іz the buyer; paid for less delivered kіlkіst goods; after the termination of the term of the contract, the deputy is not responsible for accepting and paying for the goods, as long as they can be delivered.

The advantages of this method are: the number of hard goiters and the cost of obtaining a large number of goods, an accelerated turnover of capital, a minimum of work with the execution of documents.

Purchasing goods from small buildings. Scope of zastosuvannya tsgogo -purchase of infrequently victorious commodities, if it is impossible to take them for necessities. The goods are ordered, if they are needed, and they are shipped from the warehouses of the postal workers. The disadvantage of this method is the increase in vitrates, which is associated with the need for detailed documentation in case of skin treatment, other measurements of the treatment and the absence of post-workers.

Basic principles for choosing a postal workerЄ two main criteria to choose a postal worker:

Variety of products and services.

Service level.

Vartist pridbannya includes the price of products or services and does not have a penny expression of their versatility, until which one can be seen, for example, change the image of the organization, the social significance of the sphere of activity of the company, the prospects for growth and development of the industry, etc.

Service level includes the quality of products or services and superiority of service. Depending on the reliability of the service, it is possible to guarantee the service with the help of the necessary resources, stretching the given interval for an hour and independently from the potential blame for short deliveries, disruption of the terms of delivery too soon. Reliability can be assessed through the imovirnіst vіdsutnostі vіdmovi u satisfied applications spozhivach.

In the last days, the quality of the service, and also the good minds of the delivery, are not indicated on the price of the dressing room.

Criteria of the main criteria for the selection of a postal worker are based on other criteria, the number of which can be high, for example, more than 60. Before them one can see: terminy vykonannya current and ekstrenyh zamovlen; presence of reserve tensions in the post-employee; organization of management of quality of products of the postal worker; psychological climate in the work team of the post-employee; risky strike at the post-employee; construction of the post-manager to ensure the supply of spare parts for the duration of the entire service term of the supplied installation; credit and financial position of the post-employee and in.

For the collection of information necessary for the establishment of these criteria, the need for a variety of different sources . They can buti, for example:

Vlasne investigation;

. mіstsevі dzherela, so, like a legal person who lives in the Danish territory, or “informators” of official bodies;

Banks and financial institutions;

. competitors of the potential postal worker;

. trade associations, for example, Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation;

. information agencies;

Sovereign dzherela, such as registration chambers, taxes, licensing services and other things that can be used to recognize information.

The choice of gerel information follows the following rules:

It is impossible to be separated by one piece of information, regardless of the extent of the given depth of information.

As a minimum, one of the victorious dzherel can be independent, so that we will not be cited by the victorious sources of information given to them.

The remaining choice of the post-employee changes in a special way, as he makes decisions, and there may be more formalizations.

Legal basis of the purchaser

The legal basis for the purchase is the arrangement of the contract between the parties - participants of the right, which is called contract. Main elements of the contract:

proposition and acceptance of propositions (the contract is valid at different times, if one side proponuє consignment of goods for the same price and on the basis of delivery). The contract may fit in a letter form, a letter form in short form;

financially wise (it is necessary to consider the varity of the contract. The contract acquires legal power less than once, as if it were financially wise, please);

the right to lay down contracts (the right to have more than one landowner - director, general director, entrusted individuals, trusted by the company to initiate such fii and vide vide її іmenі);

legality (the contract may be subject to all legal norms of the state).

Clearly express the agreement - mind it, as it is actually discussed in the agreement.

Before bachuvani mind the contract - think about what to say from the fixings, or yourself, from a healthy mind, legislative acts, adopted normatives and others.

The contract can be forwarded with a hitch (the sum is guarded behind the back).

Fine- ce dіya, nebhіdne, schob zmusiti postachalnik vikonati vsі mind the contract, ce suma, zbіshena porіvnyano іz appointed in the contract і zrostayucha stalely vіd step damaged the line of delivery, supply of non-existent goods, assortment, shcho not vіdpovіdaє, і t.

Force Majeure- umova, as it can be written in the supply contract, if there is a change, for which the postal worker can vykonat the contract and pay a fine. Sound to such extremes that natural catastrophes lie ahead, as if they are not controlled by people.

Structure of the contract, details of the document:

1) the name of the document and its number, the date of signing, the place, the agreement;

the subject matter of the contract;

kіlkіst and yakіst goods;

the sum of the contract and the order of rozrahunkiv;

packing and marking;

wash the delivery of goods;

wash the acceptance of the goods;

Force Majeure;

vіdpovidalnіst storіn;

cherishenya superechok;

mind otherwise.

The final stage of the delivery is the payment for the purchase of goods. Rules for rechecking rachunkiv:

in case of taking away the rahunka of the individual, it is necessary to pay attention to the one who has the rahunka of appointments to that person;

it is necessary to indicate the number of the order, designations at the merezhі, with the number of the order, what is the cost of the copy of the contract, and information about the goods from the warehouse.

Forms of roses:

repayment by payment instructions (for the transfer of the payer, the bank redirects from the first account of the owner);

repayment for a letter of credit (the bank of the payer issues a letter of credit and arranges payments);

rozrahunki for іnkaso (the bank for the order of the client zadіysnyuє for rahunki z otrimannya from the payer to the payment or the acceptance of the payment);

4) repayment by checks (the same bank is indicated at the check, from which the checkotrimach takes the money, with which it is ordered, signed checks). The check is guilty of revenge:

. name of the document ("check");

. entrusted to pay a penny sum of money;

. the name of the payer and the number of the yoga rahunka;

. currency input, which may be used for payment;

. the appointment of the date and the month of folding the check;

. signature of the checker.

Distributed. Commodity exchange as an element of the market

Organization of transshipment transport.

Distributed. Material and technical security of enterprises, 3

SAINT PETERSBURG

Chief help

BIRZHOVA RIGHT

MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPLY

M.M.VITCHENKO

PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY OF WAYS OF INFORMATION

1.1. Organization of material and technical supply 2

1.1.1. Systems and form delivery 4

1.2 Planning of material and technical supply 12

1.3. Management of inventories of material resources

1.3.1. Classification of reserves 17

1.3.2. Rationing of reserves 23

1.3. 3. Planning of equal stocks 27

1.3.4.Equity control systems and stocks 31

1.3.5. Logistic concepts in inventory management 38

1.3..6. Economic and mathematical methods of inventory management.44

1.3.7. 53

2.1 History of development of exchange trading 57

2.2. Commodity exchange as an element of the market 61

2.3. Birzhov please, see that day. 65

2.4. Rozrahunki for stock exchange 72

2.5. Governance and organizational structure 75

commodity exchange

Chapter 1

With the choice of goods, the service and the work of the enterprise are supported by those chi and other material resources. It is impossible for anyone to escape the acquisition of resources from the modern middle of the enterprise.

To the warehouse of material and technical resources enter: syrovina, fire materials, energy, water, component parts; purchase of technological equipment and technological equipment (attachment, cutting and wielding tools), cost of equipment and other equipment, too.

Organization of the acquisition of material resources - resources may be the most important name - material and technical supply.

Material and technical supply of the MTS of the enterprise - the whole process of delivery to the warehouses of the enterprise or once at the working place is necessary for the production of material and technical resources.

In the organization of the supply, and the very timing of the supply of material resources for the production of the necessary quantity, as a cost and assortment of a significant world, to deposit your own release of finished products, and as a result, the profitability and profitability Material and technical post-processing post-processing. Steps of competitiveness of the business based on the look of quality, product variability, terminology of the company to deposit in a clearly organized security systems virobnitstva with syrovina and vidatkovymi materials. Also, the material and technical security of the MTO is understood more broadly, the lower material and technical supply of the MTS.

MTO- Tse system of planning and organization of purchasers, deliveries, distribution, savings, shape and control of material and technical resources.

Strategic meta system of material and technical security and industrial supply and railroad transport - optimization of costs for purchasing, delivery and savings with the security of steel robots. undertakings.

The material and technical resources of the enterprise are taken care of by the MTO services. On rail transport, the function of the directorate of material and technical security is victorious.

At industrialism, material stains should become up to 50% of all
vitrate pripriєmstva, and okremy galuzy stench reach 80-90%. To whom you have to pay, owing to the savings of materials in warehouses (rent, taxes, spend on savings, payments, insurance and others.) In a number of cases, the stink is reduced by 10-15% for the supply of materials. Therefore, the financial side of the material and technical security on the basis of yogo rationalization plays an important role in the reduced co-production of products, the work of that service.

From the same time, the MTO task is to simultaneously secure the supply of subsidiaries (structural pipelines of the road) with the necessary types of resources in the required quantity and capacity for the minimum cost and cost of transportation and savings in warehouses.

1.1. Organization and management of material and technical security (MTO).

The MTO control system includes a number of mutually independent directions, presented in Fig.1. one.

Entry

1.2 Functions for the material and technical supply of the company

2. Methods for determining the consumption of firms from the necessary resources

2.1 Methods for calculating the demand for the quality and quantity of goods and services

2.2 MRP-1 methodology (materials planning)

2.3 Methods of rozrahunka use the main materials

3. Ways to thoroughly organize the provision of firms with resources for the implementation of productive activities

3.1 Dosvіd rozvinennyh krajnės schodo thoroughly organіzії zaprozpechennya firms with resources

3.2 Dosvіd zastosuvannya іnformatsiynyh sistem splanuvannya polubovannyh resursіvіv vіtchiznyanyh podpriyemstva

Visnovok

List of victorious literature

Entry

In the world of important significance, the process of production has such a function of acceptance as delivery, which is realized for acceptance through delivery.

Delivery or as a material and technical delivery of a warehouse system for warehouse management. MTO ensures the quality of resources that are at the entrance to the manufacturing process, which also determines the quality of the finished product at the exit from the system. Here my bachimo will directly become a resource and a viable finished product.

The head of the MTO in order to ensure the necessary material and technical resources in due time, is suitable for the planning program, the head. Resources need to go to the warehouse or immediately go to the warehouse.

Resources include the following elements: purchased syrovin (materials, water, fire, energy), components, raw materials, technological possession, transport facilities. Otherwise, it seems that all resources can be brought to the material and technical resources, if they can think of the material form, or they are represented by looking at the energy that goes with the production of finished products.

Oskіlki MTO play an important role already at the stage of preparation of harvesting, it is obviously necessary to plan the provision of harvesting with resources. Planuvannya MTO conducts for low basis napryamіv: analіz vitrati materіalu on virobnitstvo produktsії for Pevnyi perіod, viznachennya їh pitomoї crowbars in obsyazі gotovoї produktsії, stupіn vikoristannya obladnannya, prognozuvannya obsyagіv vikoristannya yakihos Pevnyi vidіv resursіv, skladannya materіalnih balansіv for species resursіv, їh Jerel an area victoria. Represented work from the planning of the worker. The stench is victorious by economists and planners for the participation of other fakhivtsiv.

In the rest of the hour, enough methods for planning the consumption of material resources were broken up. Among them are traditional methods, as well as new ones, due to the stagnation of computer technologies.

The method of our coursework is the introduction of the process of delivery (or material and technical security) at the enterprise.

For the vikonanny set, we need to write the following tasks:

Date the delivery process;

look at the forms of material and technical security for business;

Analyze the infrastructure and organizational structure of the department of material and technical security;

look at the main functions of the driver;

Take a look at the main methods of determining and raising the needs of material resources;

Reveal the features of the MRP planning system;

Look at the details of improving the organization of the company's resource security, and find the details of the establishment of information systems for planning business enterprises.

1. Economical meaning and understanding of delivery

1.1 Work done as one of the most important functions in the company

The process of delivery is the sequence of operations, which ensures the delivery of the necessary items and practical work. The main task of supply from the organization of supply is its own uninterrupted supply of the necessary material resources for the minimum cost of inventory management.

Delivery for business in the business practice is also understood by the material and technical security. Material and technical security (MTO) is a type of management activity from the provision of material and technical resources to the manufacturing process. Such diyalnіst zdіysnyuєtsya, as a rule, on the cob of virobnitstva. MTO can be taken care of as a specialized service of the enterprise itself, and independent organizations, which will be the main activity. The main meta of the MTO is bringing material resources to specific types of enterprises in advance by the agreement on the place of provision.

Material resources of industrial enterprises buy over the market of goods and services. For whom you need to know the conjuncture of the market, the possibility of potential post-employees, information on how to move prices. Necessary resources are purchased without intermediary from wholesalers, in wholesale trade, including at fairs, auctions and wholesale supply organizations of material and technical resources, as well as in other intermediary organizations. Such intermediate organizations are, for example, commodity exchanges, such as commercial enterprises, zdiisnyuyut the sale of similar goods with sing characteristics. Commodity exchanges operate near Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Voronezh and other places of the country.

Fallow in the system of security and features of the movement of material resources in the post-workers to support the distribution of transit and warehouse forms of material and technical security.

The essence of the transit form of the company, which is the source of material resources in enterprises, is without intermediary the enterprises themselves, as if they were shaped, cultivated and viroblya.

The transit form borrows a significant part of the total contract of deliveries, it won't be economical, the speed of deliveries will be high. The choice of the transit form of delivery of dictations to us before the obligation to save resources is installed for the new transit or replacement forms of delivery. The transit rate is determined as the minimum allowable total number of materials, as indicated by the picker at the address of the person for one request. The locking norm, in its own way, is designated as the smallest number of materials for one position of the lock, which is accepted by the picker up to the vikonnanny when obov'yazkovy zamovlennі for one hour delivery of a number of similar types (types of materials) of the mater_alіv.

The essence of the warehouse form of supply is that, the postal manager of material resources in enterprises is different postal, middle, wholesale, distribution enterprises.

The warehouse form is supported by a greater frequency of supply of the necessary batch materials. The warehousing form allows for an efficient short-term production of stocks and ensures the completeness of deliveries. However, this form of power postachannya dodatkovі vitrati, pov'yazanі zі zdіysnennyam zdіysnennyam zdіysnennym zdіysnennyam zdіysnennym zdіysnennymi zdіysnennymi zdіysnennymi zdіysnennymi zdіysnennymi z vantazhennya, vivantazhennya zberіgannya materialіlіv.

The material and technical security of enterprises is straightened out by the quick turnaround of the production and the creation of the minds of an uninterrupted process of production. Vono will be safe:

Keeping stocks for getting the best price;

Delivery of materials on the skin working place.

The MTO infrastructure includes the development of a warehouse, transport and procurement state. In other enterprises, they can also be raised from the reworking of the outputs of the production of the Tatar state.

Warehouse government is the main structural support of the MTO service of the enterprise. Yogo vlasna organizational structure is established in a fallow manner in the form of a corporate structure. Therefore, the warehouse of the warehouse state can be represented by a chain of industrial warehouses and warehouses of industrial factories, a chain of workshop warehouses and warehouse warehouses on large specialized warehouses.

For functions, warehouses at industrial enterprises can be material, industrial, industrial and other specialized warehouses.

Material warehouses, or warehouses of material and technical security, are mainly used for the construction of warehouse operations with the necessary material and technical resources, which are available (with syrovina, materials, prefabricated products, component parts, etc.).

Welding warehouses are designated for the storage of warehouse operations from materials of wet manufacturing (placement of wet equipment and tools).

Zbutov_ warehouses are recognized as the distribution of finished products of the enterprise.

Other special warehouses at the manufacturing facilities are designated for the construction of warehouse operations from special purpose materials.

Zagalnozavodsk_ warehouses can be divided also for equal specialization. For special materials, more important than one recognition, special warehouses are created, for rich nomenclature materials - universal.

Warehouse can be equipped with racks and stacks of materials or their storage. According to the annex, the warehouse can be divided into closed, open maidanchiki and hanging (nap_vkrit).

In the whole world, the structure of the warehouse state on industrial enterprises is accumulated:

Galuzev's character of virobnitstva;

The scale and expansion of the enterprise;

The scale and the type of virobnitstva;

Organization of virobnitstva and management.

The structure of MTO warehouses in industrial enterprises is also characterized by the nomenclature of materials that are saved, obligations, functional recognitions, easing power and features of their production habits.

For the development of technological functions, such as the forward processing of materials, the procurement and preparation of products to the production of industrial enterprises, a procurement state is created, as to enter the organizational structure of the MTO service of the enterprise.

In this rank, the MTO under the acquisition of material resources includes the following functions:

Prepare and deliver materials;

Folding and security of their security;

Processing and preparation of materials prior to sizing;

Department of MTO.

There are three forms of organization of MTO management:

A centralized management system for the transfer of functions at the borders of a single MTO service, as well as a territorial integrity of business, a variety of business unity and a narrow range of material handling;

A decentralized management system for the transfer of distribution of functions, which is based on the territorial distribution of business, the production independence of production and a wide range of materials;

The MTO system has been changed gradually by insulting the building of a higher structure.

Vimagayut negai allowed. To this end, this robot has developed recommendations for a thorough procurement management system for business. Chapter 3. Development of recommendations for a thorough procurement management system at enterprises

Profitable,% 12,63 15,94 126,21 DANI TAKS 20 SVIDGY, SHO ON RAHUNOVY SPARE SKUIVYY SHO SHODOVENNYY SYSTEM SYSTEM TAKE THAT SHUTUN ІP STEPANOVOE TO THE BATTLE OF THE COLLENNE Daidaviti Ruspodіlchikh Centr_v Viddasy) Speed Speed income and profitability by 26.21%. Otzhe, proponing straight on ...

Conservation of material resources for business; - Functions of material and technical security of internal production of enterprises; - Functions of economical work of the service of material and technical supply. The management scheme for the material and technical security of the BAT "Minsk plant" Caliber "was added to V. The management of the material and technical security (UMTO) is a structural ...

Entry

1. Economical meaning and understanding of delivery

1.1 Work done as one of the most important functions in the company

1.2 Functions for the material and technical supply of the company

2. Methods for determining the consumption of firms from the necessary resources

2.1 Methods for calculating the demand for the quality and quantity of goods and services

2.2 MRP-1 methodology (materials planning)

2.3 Methods of rozrahunka use the main materials

3. Ways to thoroughly organize the provision of firms with resources for the implementation of productive activities

3.1 Dosvіd rozvinennyh krajnės schodo thoroughly organіzії zaprozpechennya firms with resources

3.2 Dosvіd zastosuvannya іnformatsiynyh sistem splanuvannya polubovannyh resursіvіv vіtchiznyanyh podpriyemstva

Visnovok

List of victorious literature

Entry

In the world of important significance, the process of production has such a function of acceptance as delivery, which is realized for acceptance through delivery.

The method of our coursework is the introduction of the process of delivery (or material and technical security) at the enterprise.

For the vikonanny set, we need to write the following tasks:

Date the delivery process;

look at the forms of material and technical security for business;

Analyze the infrastructure and organizational structure of the department of material and technical security;

look at the main functions of the driver;

Take a look at the main methods of determining and raising the needs of material resources;

Reveal the features of the MRP planning system;

Look at the details of improving the organization of the company's resource security, and find the details of the establishment of information systems for planning business enterprises.

1. Economical meaning and understanding of delivery

1.1 Work done as one of the most important functions in the company

Fallow in the system of security and features of the movement of material resources in the post-workers to support the distribution of transit and warehouse forms of material and technical security.

The essence of the warehouse form of supply is that, the postal manager of material resources in enterprises is different postal, middle, wholesale, distribution enterprises.

Keeping stocks for getting the best price;

Delivery of materials on the skin working place.

For functions, warehouses at industrial enterprises can be material, industrial, industrial and other specialized warehouses.

Welding warehouses are designated for the storage of warehouse operations from materials of wet manufacturing (placement of wet equipment and tools).

Zbutov_ warehouses are recognized as the distribution of finished products of the enterprise.

Other special warehouses at the manufacturing facilities are designated for the construction of warehouse operations from special purpose materials.

Warehouse can be equipped with racks and stacks of materials or their storage. According to the annex, the warehouse can be divided into closed, open maidanchiki and hanging (nap_vkrit).

In the whole world, the structure of the warehouse state on industrial enterprises is accumulated:

Galuzev's character of virobnitstva;

The scale and expansion of the enterprise;

The scale and the type of virobnitstva;

Organization of virobnitstva and management.

In this rank, the MTO under the acquisition of material resources includes the following functions:

Prepare and deliver materials;

Folding and security of their security;

Processing and preparation of materials prior to sizing;

Department of MTO.

There are three forms of organization of MTO management:

The MTO system has been changed gradually by insulting the building of a higher structure.

1.2 Functions for the material and technical supply of the company

The main method of MTO is to bring material resources to specific production enterprises at the place of provision designated by the contract.

The functions of the MTO are classified on the basis of the main and additional ones, which, in their line, are divided into commercial and technological ones.

Prior to the main commercial functions, one can see the purchase and rent of material resources by industrial enterprises, which is accompanied by a change in the form of vartost.

Additional commercial functions - marketing and legal. Marketing functions of a commercial nature include the supply of appointments and the selection of specific contractors in material resources. In a number of vipadkivs, as post-heads, they can act in the middle of the structure.

Legal functions are related to legal security and defense of the rights of power, preparation and conduct of business negotiations and legal formalities to please control over their victories.

Technological functions include the supply of delivery and the saving of material resources. To whom a number of additional functions are redone, including repackaging, reconservation, preparation and front processing.

A number of economists see the same external and internal functions.

The external functions are implemented by the entrepreneurial staff, wholesalers, retailers, trade, transport organizations. You can see the following main functions:

Analysis of the post-employment market of material and technical resources for the selection of the optimal counterparty with the upcoming contracts;

The creation of government mutual relations in the sphere of resource supply, founded on the principles of rationality;

A guide to the method of choosing the means of delivering resources to the enterprise, analyzing transport companies with the method of choosing the most friendly.

Internal functions are implemented without intermediary in the middle of the business and are seen in mutually between the hotel, material and technical security for the administration of the business, as well as with other types of business units. The main internal functions can be seen:

Development of the material balance or delivery plan;

Rozpodіl material-technical resources, scho nadkhodit, for rіznimi pіdrozіla vіdpovіdno to vyrobnіchіh plansіv, zavdan;

Exploration of limits from the release of materials from the selection;

Technical preparation of materials before the release from the factory;

Organization of the optimal flow of material resources in the enterprises, its regulation and control over its movement.

Concretizing the listed functions, you can specify the following main directions of activity in the MTO:

1) conducting marketing research to the post-employee market for specific types of resources. The choice of a postal worker is recommended to be carried out, depending on such circumstances: the presence of a postal worker's license and sufficient proof of work in a given room; high organizational and technical level of production; nadіynіst that pributkovіst roboti; ensuring the competitiveness of the goods that are released; acceptable (optimal) price; simplicity of the scheme and stability of supplies;

2) normalization of consumption for specific types of resources;

3) development of organizational and technical approaches to reduce the norms and standards for the use of resources;

4) research of channels and forms of material and technical security of production;

5) development of material balance sheets;

6) planning of material and technical provision of resources;

7) organization of delivery, collection and preparation of resources before picking;

8) organizing the provision of resources for working areas;

9) the shape and control of the use of resources;

10) organization of the collection and processing of inputs from the harvesting;

11) analysis of the efficiency of the selection of resources;

12) stimulating the replenishment of resources.

We have already talked about those that the process of supplying on the supply side is dependent on the supply of material and technical security. However, we have looked at the possible organizational aspects of the formation of the post-service service at the enterprise. It is also necessary to designate that, with the method of organizing the current management of the material flow of the material flow, it is necessary to practice highly qualified fahivtsy. Such a great understanding of the fact that the construction of the post-production functions should be of a collapsible complex nature, requires knowledge from various departments of logistics, marketing, economic organization of production, standardization, forecasting.

2. Methods for determining the consumption of firms from the necessary resources

2.1 Methods for calculating the demand for the quality and quantity of goods and services

Determining the needs of the materials is one of the most important jobs that are in the process of planning the material security of the production. Rosemary and the type of needs serve as the basis for the choice of minds for the delivery of materials, for example, according to the rhythm of vitrati, the cycle of virobite and others. Possibility of co-ordination of needs and terms of deliveries will determine the need for uninterrupted control over the level of virobnicheskih stocks.

The necessary mental analysis of the tasks of determining the needs of the materials is the choice of the method of their analysis and the establishment of the type of consumption.

According to the need in the syrovin and materials, it is necessary to understand their quantity, it is necessary to the first term for the installation period for the security of the given program of compilation or spelling.

Oskіlki in most cases of need in the materials will appear with the current period, then we can talk about the periodical need.

Periodic demand is formed from primary and secondary.

Primary need. Under the first consideration, there is a need for ready-made gears, knots, and parts that are recognized for sale, as well as purchased spare parts. Rozrahunok primary consumption, as a rule, zdiisnyuєtsya for help methods of mathematical statistics that forecasting, scho give ochіkuvanu demand. With the method of uniqueness of the zhorstkoy zalezhnosti in the terms of supply and insurance to oneself in the event of the introduction of the right bagatoria vikoristanny of the same parts and knots of the unification of the products that are released, and the creation of their stocks. The risk of an incorrect assessment of an inaccurate forecast of demand is compensated for by an increase in insurance reserves. The lower forecast, the lower required level of reserves.

The primary need has been established as the basis for managing material flows in enterprises, which are practiced in the sphere of trade.

When rozrahunka secondary consume are given tasks: the primary need, which includes statements about obligations and lines; specifics or information about stagnation; possible dodatkovі postachannya; the number of materials that are at the disposal of the enterprise. Therefore, the purpose of the secondary need is to vicorate, ring out, determine the method of rozrahunka. If such a method of establishing consumption is impossibly through the presence of specifics, or if there is no need for materials, then we predict victorious data about the consumption of materials and materials.

Third need. The need for vibration in additional materials and tools that are worn is called tertiary. It can be designated as a second choice on the basis of indications of the selection of materials (determined by the appointment of consumption) as a way of conducting stochastic surveys on the basis of a display of obvious materials or as an expert way.

Gross-that net-consume. Under the gross demand, the need for materials for the planning period is understood without taking into account whether they are in stock or in the warehouse. The actual net demand characterizes the demand for materials for the planning period with the adjustment of their production stocks and to appear as a difference between the gross demand and the actual warehouse stocks up to the first term.

In fact, the total need for materials is greater than showing the gross for supplementary needs, as well as for the work of technical maintenance and repair. After specifying the amount of existing warehouse stocks, the excess needs to be adjusted for the amount of in-line storage.

In the practice of business, vicorists use a few methods for ensuring the production of materials: commemoration, on the basis of planned tasks, on the basis of the demand.

Remembrance method can be considered as one of the ways of material security of production on the basis of planned tasks, prayers. With the help of the rice of the interchange method of safety and "mittve of transformation" consume, what vinyl, for a prayer, what in normal minds to bring to the full capacity of warehouse stocks. That rozrahunok net-consumption is not transferred.

The safety of the selection on the basis of forecasting is based on external data on the amount of materials used over the past hour and characterizes the examination, the forecasted need for them.

Material security for the improvement of planned tasks. This method is used in a deterministic way to use the materials. In this case, the primary need for the singing period is transferred, the structure of the variables looks like specifications, which allows you to designate the secondary need and the additional need is possible.

In case of provision of materials on the basis of planned schedules, the increase in storage is determined by the net consumption of the planned supply and availability of materials in the warehouse.

Material security on the basis of the provision that is being made. The method of such a method of material security is to replenish the stocks in due time and keep them on such a level, which will allow you to cover the need for a new supply of materials. Vіdpovіdno before the delivery, the date of the appointed date of the hour of the additional zamovlennya is violated, the power of the rozmіrі zamovlennya is not considered.

Accordingly, in view of the type of re-verification and the types of reconciliation, two methods of material security are distinguished on the basis of savings, based on the system of inventory management. Tse methods: safety of timely zamovlenya (system of regulation of stocks from fixed time intervals) and the necessary rhythm (system of regulation of stocks from fixed periodicity).

2.2 MRP-1 methodology (materials planning)

The 60 years of American scientists Joseph Orlik and Oliver Veit created a method for the distribution of materials necessary for the production of materials, which took the name MRP (Material Requirements Planning - planning of the necessary materials). The goals of the American Association for Inventory and Variability Management (APICS) MRP method has gained a wide width in the whole world, and in some countries (including Russia) it can be interpreted as a standard, although it is not so.

The goals of the MRP system:

Satisfaction with materials, components and components for planning and delivery of spare parts;

Support for low reserves of material resources, finished products;

Planning of production operations, distribution of delivery, purchasing operations.

In the process of realizing these goals, the system ensures the flow of planned quantities of material resources and stocks of products per hour, which are victorious for planning. The MRP system begins its work with the appointment, references and, in a nutshell, it is necessary to develop final products. Then the system determines the hour and the amount of material resources needed to meet the needs of the production schedule.

The core of the MRP system is a software package, which is to carry out all the analysis and analysis of the algorithms on the basis of data about the MR and on the basis of the general layout. At the output, the software package provides a set of documents, including schemes for the delivery of material resources for delivery, including delivery lines.

Sweat, wake up, all plans are realized. In this way, the MRP system is scheduled to proshtovhuє material resources for the supply. At times of failure or change, the program will have to reschedule everything anew.

The MRP method delivers low standard rates.

At the first stage, a net-requirement survey is carried out on the materials on the basis of the data on the storage warehouse (specifications). The number of necessary materials, including those components, is estimated by the correction of obvious or unfinished production.

Another crochet - rozrahunok at the hour of the net need for materials on the basis of data about the warehouse to the warehouse. At this stage, the necessary amount of money is to be insured for the uranium of all incomes and the amount of materials. If so, the system shows a decrease in the equal to the material lower for the same equal, then the quantity is determined, as it is necessary to purchase or to consume for satisfaction. It is also possible to reroute the net-consumer with the improvement of the batch rules (with the improvement of the minimum batch of the lot, the multiplicity of the lot, the frequency of the lot).

The third term is the definition of the terms of purchase and preparation. At this stage, for vіddіlіv planuvannya, that delivery system sets the terms on the cob for the implementation of the net insurance coverage. The MRP algorithm takes the date of realization of the last demand and “unrolling” at the time of the process of preparing the production of materials and purchasing materials, indicating the date of the beginning of the manufacturing operations from the components (details) of the lower level, before the date of the formation of the proposal to the postal workers.

One of the peculiarities of the method (against the management of points of reordering) are those that MRP conveys the availability of the necessary materials in the warehouse. As long as all the dates of the planning procedures are correct and all compliance with the plan is covered on an hourly basis, all deliveries of parts and materials may be realized on an hourly basis. In addition, the MRP method is not "surprised" in the past: the necessary materials are forfeited on the basis of information about future consumption and equalization of stocks in warehouses.

Advantages of this method - you can save the future needs of business, form the replenishment of stocks in the necessary terms and in the necessary obligations. The shortcomings of MRP are the impossibility to protect the exchange of resources in the enterprise.

The main shortcomings of MRP systems:

Significant obligation to calculate that front processing of tributes

Increasing the logistics for the processing of the request and transportation when the firms are working, change the stock of MP even more, or switch to a robot with small requests with a high frequency of transportation

Insensitivity to short-hour changes in drink

Great is the number of views through the great diversity of the system and its complexity.

Until tsgogo dodayutsya zagalnі nedolіki vsіh systems, scho stovhayut: not enough more precisely in vіdstezhennya drink and obov'yazkova nayavnіst insurance reserves.

The accuracy of the specifications and records about the mill of stocks is added to the planning of the needs of the materials - a pardon of any data can be brought to the point that the wrong amount is calculated or the wrong components are indicated; This pardon cannot be corrected by the doti, the docks will not be physically manifested, and often at the end of the day a sprat of money. The arrogance of that swidcode of early systems meant that it took more than an hour to run the system from 24 to 48 years. For this reason, the runs were not often used and it was impossible to change the main plan of scaling for additional re-runs of MRPI (to be sure that it wasn’t formed by the system of staking on robots that are great, and that stench is supposed to be obvious to spying resources). That is why the main plan is often not vikonuvsya and zastarіv.

So it was impossible to quickly correct the data, or to change it at the plan, to blame it on the warehouses and on the picking. Zzvychichay at the result it was stated that there was a difference between the formally adopted plan of needs and informally the lists of "deficiency" to follow the plan. The system was often ignored at that hour, as the promises to work were piled up one on one on one end of the business and were allowed to win and take over the deputy in the next end, after that, as they were ordered to take high priority, overriding all other possibilities. It's not surprising that the first provadzhennya took a negative assessment.

MRP systems are vikorated, as a rule, if you need to drink on material resources, you can still lay a lot of water on the finished product, or if you need to work with a large range of material resources. For starters, MRP systems are better if you can finish a long breeding cycle.

2.3 Methods of rozrahunka use the main materials

Logistics and technical security plan for the delivery of goods:

Appointment of global consumption from material resources

commitment to the obligation of stocks of materials;

Razrahunok ochіkuvanih surplus materials naprikintsі rock;

The obligation to import material resources has been established.

Vihіdnimi dannymi for the storage of the plan of material and technical security є: the selection program, the nomenclature of materials, the norm of waste, planned and rozrahunkovі tsіni and zvіtnі danі about vatrata and excess materials in warehouses.

The need for basic materials for the program (Ro) it is determined by direct analysis (for products, details, representatives and analogues) by the way of multiplying the norms of vitrati material (Hi) for the number of samples for the program (Ni) for the improvement of the nomenclature P, tobto.

The norm of turnover costs - ce expressed and in terms of water values (days or hundreds) is the minimum need for four types of commodity and material values, which ensures an uninterrupted, rhythmic process of virobnitstva.

The need for the main and additional materials (R) for the technical preparation of the workmanship and for the technical maintenance of the workmanship are determined by the multiple programs or the obligation of the work (Nj) in the mental work (machine-year, repair unit and іn.) on the norm of hj) for leather names of materials, that is.

The security of the selection of all the nomenclature of material resources in a significant world should be deposited depending on the size and completeness of the production reserves in the warehouses of enterprises and enterprises. At the subsidiaries, in the associations, the change in stocks was soon spent on their mornings, which helped increase the profit and profitability of the production. To this end, the development of reserves is one of the most important economic tasks.

Management of stocks at industrial firms and companies transfers the following functions: development of stock standards for all nomenclature of organization of materials; correct allocation of stocks in warehouses to enter the warehouse of enterprises; organization of effective operational control over the level of reserves and the introduction of the necessary entries for the maintenance of a normal state; creation of the necessary material basis for security.

The most significant and laborious of these functions is the rationing of stocks. The rate of production reserve (Zn) is set according to the following formula:

Zн=Zт+Zstr+Zпід, (3)

de Zt - current average stock;

Zstr - safety stock;

Zpіd - preparatory stock.

The current stock is created according to the skin type of materials for the supply of materials at breaks between two earthly deliveries and changes from the maximum value at the time of delivery to the minimum at the time of the offensive delivery. It is determined by the value of the average delivery interval (t cf) and the average finish to the material (W days):

Zt = t cf ´ W dobu (4)

The interval of delivery to deposit depends on the specifics of the selection of material and technical resources, the norms for the release of products, the vantage capacity of transport costs, the possibility of choosing a warehouse form of delivery.

The insurance stock is repaid at the same proportion to the current stock (for example, 50%), or by the repayment route according to the following formula:

de t fi - Actual interval of the 1st delivery, days;

B - reconciliation of party members at the 1st postavtsi, natural singles;

i - the serial number of the delivered materials that are being looked at.

The preparatory stock is created for an hour of preparation of the material, which is needed before the fermentation (at the time of consumption 1-3 days). In other cases, the need to create special preparation stocks (drying of lumber, picking up products is too thin), this value is determined by specific roses.

Rozrahunkov's norms of reserves can be expressed in absolute (tons, pieces, meters, rubles, etc.) and per day (days, hundreds) units of the world.

Provision of material resources for manufacturing workshops, distribution and other subdivisions of industrial firms transferring offensive work to the offensive complex: planned installation of kіlkіsnih and yakіsnih zavdan іz postachannya (limіtuvannya); preparation of material resources to the harvest; admission and delivery of material resources from the warehouse of the service of delivery to the place of їx without intermediary accommodation from the warehouse to the workshop, dilyanki; operational regulation of the supply in the minds of the improvement of technological regimes, design and regulatory documentation; Suvoriy form and control over the selection of material resources in the production of industrial firms.

For the planned installation of a factory from the supply of brewing workshops and vicorist yards, a limited system is established based on the calculation of the maximum quantities of material resources for the leather workshop, yards for a song period (quarter, month) with a voucher limit cards or group capacities. Rozrahunok limit (L) follow the formula:

L \u003d R c ± R + N c - About rozrahun,(6)

de Rts - the need for the workshop at the vikonnі vyrobnichego zavdannya;

R- the need for the workshop to change the unfinished production;

Nts- the standard for the workshop stock of the material;

Orasch- rozrahunkovy ochіkuvaniya surplus tskogo material at the shop cob of the planned period.

3. Ways to thoroughly organize the provision of firms with resources for the implementation of productive activities

3.1 Dosvіd rozvinennyh krajnės schodo thoroughly organіzії zaprozpechennya firms with resources

During the rest of the day, Japanese systems for organizing the provision of firms with resources, founded on the concepts of "smart and six sigma" and tarket-costing, appeared at the world's wide-spread practice.

The concept of double choice, like target-costing, may be Japanese and means “thorough”. The basis of the concept is the speed of the hour, which is spent on the operation, so as not to add "value" to the final product. Prior to such operations lie "savings", "accumulation", "relocation" and so on.

Most of the materials in the manufacturing process spend 95% of the total hour in the assessment of adding value or in looking at the stock of finished products. By changing the hour of payment by 80%, you can speed up the bill of lading and increase the cost by 20%.

The synergy of “smart variability” and “six sigma” methods helped companies in less than two years to speed up the cost of picking and vitrati on the quality by 20%, and stocks - by 50%.

Gently conveying:

- The fate of the whole team of undertakings in the adoption of unproductive expenses;

– implementation of innovative ideas to the staff of the enterprise;

- a real contribution to the team of entrepreneurship at the increase in quality and economy of money, the exercise of the growth of virobnitstvo more forgive and clean.

The main problem for Russian enterprises in the development of similar methods is often the presence of a corporate culture, common values, which lead to the fact that practitioners are not a single team.

The most popular system that incorporates the philosophy of conscientious manufacturing is the Just-in-The-Term (JIT) system. When the JIT-system is blocked, the components, the sirovina, and the servants must go to the center to work the same way, if the stench is needed there. Such a pіdkhіd suttєvo reduce the number of products, which is added to the stock of unfinished production.

Qiles of JIT production: the detail is needed at the required place at the required hour. As the basis of MRR for the hour of implementation, it should be based on computer calculation, LT, we are going to be based on industrial technology. In LT, the main respect is attached to the adoption of inputs from the lancers.

One of the necessary heritage of the need for components and materials without intermediary at that moment, if the stench is necessary, was the high quality of being alone, which is added. The LT system has a lot of mutually dependent principles to guarantee the high quality of the products to the skin-to-skin viral process.

In the first place, the accuracy for the accuracy is based on the picker of the part, and not on the control of the accuracy.

In another way, the choice of virobnicheskih robіtnikіv zamіst supervisory, scho control yakіst, allows you to reach vibrancy at the stage of virobnіstva, but not reverification. These features and small batch sizes help to control the skin process and ensure that the skin virus is checked.

Thirdly, the concept of JIT is based on the general language standard of quality. Fahіvtsі іz kuplіvel not priymayut vrobіv, scho not vіdpіdatіv vstanovlennymi parameters, i vіdvіduyat іnіstіvі stavlіvі, schob vіryati іkіst іnіvnі shop. Oskіlki takі vіdvіduvannya i, otzhe, zdіyshnuyutsya zdіysnyuyutsya often, virobniki, yakі pratsyuyut system LT, documenting the quality of their products in globally accepted terms and distributing qi documents so that they have easy access. This process of shaking the vibrator accurately formulates the essence of the essence.

The work of the JIT system, as a system of control, which is "strong", can be well understood in the application of the kanban system.

Kanban is a simple yet effective control system that helps put the JIT system into practice. Kanban is not synonymous with JIT, although these terms are often used incorrectly in this way. Kanban in Japanese means a card, the use of such cards has become the main element in many control systems that are found in Japanese companies, including in Toyota, whose kanban system has brought great respect to farmers in the world.

Kanban systems allow for small divisions of batches, which are usually JITs, and various divisions. The stench is less suitable for expensive or great products, as it is expensive to save or relocate in large batches, for rarely or irregularly stocked products, and also for galuzes with in-line picking.

One of the reasons for the decrease in the cost as a result of the short time of the hour is for those who are on the road. The stocks are properly wrapped up, and they need to be brought to ruin, refurbished, saved, excised from the savings and brought to ruin anew. The stench can zіpsuvatisya chi zastarіti.

It is possible to create biscuits about those concepts that have been developed in Japan, in fact, by strong client-oriented methods of organizing production.

For example, we can look at the development of a strong state in Japan. The strong state in Japan is based most importantly on family enterprises (68% of all states are farms with an area of cultivated land up to 1 ha).

Regardless of the great labor and not much efficiency, Japanese farmers live such visits, like providing clients with extended services, demonstrating farms, and starting a part-time working day for those casual farmers. All these ideas became instantly accepted, but the rich countries did not experience their systematic development, and in this sense the Japanese achieved success there, de reshta recognized the blows.

Japanese farmers use tractors, pickups, electric cultivators, rice planters and harvesters to help them increase the productivity of their work. Vykoristovuyuchi intensive methods of farming, dobriva, foldable technology and resolutely adopted technology, farmers can grow half of all fruits and vegetables, similar to Japan, and take part of the farm area to improve thinness. So the strong state of Japan takes care of a significant part of the food products.

Modern technologies have enabled new ways of farming. Part of I give birth in Japan grows by the method of hydroponics, so without soil - just by the water. The stagnation of genetic engineering makes it possible to take away wealth and safety for the health of people in vrozha.

Plants of the system of virobnicheskogo control Order of buying rice and wheat from farmers at official prices, financing programs of technical modernization and energy security of the state.

The concept of sparing virobnitstv that sovereign pidtrimka helped the strong state of Japan to become one of the most successful virobniks of grain crops.

3.2 Dosvіd zastosuvannya іnformatsiynyh sistem splanuvannya polubovannyh resursіvіv vіtchiznyanyh podpriyemstva

Formation of the Russian market of software management of business management can be preserved until the beginning of the 90s, as liberalization of economic payments began in the country. At the same time, the first commercial developments of Russian software companies appeared in the market, as well as solutions from foreign companies, recognized for ensuring the integrated management of business resources. These same systems became known as corporate information systems (CIS).

At the moment, the market of corporate information systems in Russia is one of the main trends:

Integration of domestic and foreign systems;

Increasing intensity of competition of Russian retailers KIS;

Increasing intensity of competition in the segment of medium enterprises;

Dotrimanny zagalnosvitovyh tendencies in the sphere of development of the KIS market.

The current state of the computer systems market in Russia is characterized by the first stage of the development of more Russian post-employees and the arrival of foreign distributors and partners in the Russian market.

Most of the Russian systems began their development at the turn of the 90s, if the objective needs of the business were brought to the point where the enterprises of that firm began to start thinking about computerization. Due to the wild laws of the market economy, they were the first to be able to see the necessary financial support for trade and services. Promislovіst znachno v_dstavala through a variety of reasons.

From that time on, all Russian systems began to develop as oblіkovі (accounting) systems. Some of them continue to be purely visual, allowing you to automate one or more business functions, but not giving a complete picture, which is necessary for the management of business.

In addition, only a few retailers (and there are more than a hundred of them) could adequately transfer the development of sub-dialogs and a simple increase in sales of “boxed” solutions, they gave priority to the evolutionary yoke growth, invested in the development of systems and scientifically advanced works.

Dekilka rokiv to that on the Russian market of corporate information systems was the problem of integration of business and foreign addenda. Today, a lot of enterprises are being promoted by enterprise systems for the development of business leaders, successfully integrating them with previously installed business systems.

In the world, the development of that growing market of Russian retailers is more competitive with the struggle for support, both among themselves and among the most famous competitors. For some reason, the struggle for support was carried out mainly for price criteria, then at the same time, more distributors of information systems slander on the level of the quality of the system, on the level of the quality of the system, on the level of the system, on the qualifications of specialists and on the provision of support.

Zmagannya іz zovnіshnіmi competitors vestimetsya of vikoristannyam such perevag, yak povnіsha funktsіonalnіst fіnansovih that staffing modulіv, bіlsh vigіdne spіvvіdnoshennya "Cena / yakіst" mozhlivіst іntegratsії of dodatkami zarubіzhnih rozrobnikіv, stvorennya zmіshanih KІS scho poєdnuyut perevagi vіtchiznyanih that zarubіzhnih KІS.

The legacy of light trends is manifesting itself in front of the electronic commerce gallery and the additions to managing relationships with customers. At the moment, these functions implement most of the systems of Russian retailers, but for their functional characteristics, Russian e-business and CRM programs are significantly inferior. Krіm tsgogo, drink on the tribute of supplements from the side of the deputy is not yet high.

Zagalom Russian market of KIS this year's divisions between foreign and Russian KIS not for the Galuze sign, but for the size of enterprises. More coristuvachs of the great zahіdnyh KIS - ce great vіtchiznіnі pridpriєmstva naftogazovoi galuzі, vаrkoї promyslovіvі, mashinoduvannya too. Only a small number of Russian post-employees can have such contracts.

On the basis of which it is possible to admit that by stretching the nearest few years the main competitive struggle is between CIS for enterprises of the middle business. For the rest of the year, the Russian market has seen a handful of foreign retailers of ERP systems, focused on supplying solutions for medium-sized businesses. In the same period, a lot of Russian retailers significantly increased the functional warehouse of their KIS, which also allowed them to enter the market of medium-sized business companies.

Today, the main reasons for the implementation of the integrated corporate system in the enterprise are the following (in order to change the riddle of the systems by the system): the actual integration of data; a lack of functional capabilities of an essential information system; zbіlshennya obyagu business operations; vimogi international zvіtnostі; the need for analytical processing of data; non-compliance with MRP/ERP standards.

Among the main reasons for the recent implementation of KIS by the post-employees, the decision was made for us (in the order of changing riddles): the unpreparedness of the company to change; insufficient managerial knowledge of the key specialists of the deputy; vіdsutnіst realї spolzubi sistemaі z side zamovnika; vikoristannyam occupied only by the state IT-services; rozmitіst tsіley and the task of the project, fuzzy formulation of the needs of the deputy; the appearance of a weak support for the project by the ceramics company; fast budget pіd hour zastosuvannya.

Most of the overhauled causes are not far away to be considered problems for the management of the enterprise and readiness to change the principles, not only on the equal level of the information system, but also on the level of the organizational structure and business processes.

The practice of promoting corporate systems in Russian enterprises for the remaining ten years has revealed low critical factors, as it is necessary to protect the hour of choosing a postal worker. We can see before them: the fullness of the functional possibilities of systems; the implementation of the functional modules of the systems; vartist and trivality in provadzhennya; injecting systems into business and business processes of entrepreneurship; Efficiency of the winning system for business.

The protyazh of the rest on the market appeared propositions, yakі to tell about the further destruction of the processes in the specialization of the market, which reflects the ob'ektivnі consumption of the industrial enterprises. True, even though the propositions of the “first good” were like one: universal and richly functional, on which the main voice of marketing was fighting, then with the increase in the qualifications of facivists in the work of ACS of non-enterprises and consultants became more of such missteps. And the Same: skladnіst abo navіt nemozhlivіst adaptatsії to spetsifіki particular virobnitstva, vіdsutnіst "drіbnih" ale such potrіbnih oblіkovih that funktsіonalnih mozhlivostey, yak, napriklad, mozhlivіst obchislennya that modelyuvannya tsіn on skin zamovlennya on stadії Yogo design, Obl_k tehnologіchnih Especially gnuchkogo that bagatovarіantnogo virobnitstva , such as printing, the ability to protect and plan for the replenishment of technological supplies of materials for the skin working area, and many others.

All required information systems can be divided according to their size and functionality. In Table 1, the main post-employees of these corporate systems are listed.

Table 1

Main software products on the Russian market

The pointing at the tables of the system can be subdivided into two great classes: financial-managerial and generic systems.

Financial and management systems include subclasses of local and small integration systems. Such systems are recognized for the management of the image for one or the other day by direct (accounting, accounting, warehouse, personnel image). The systems of this group can be practical, whether it be entrepreneurship, which is sufficient for the functions of managing financial flows and other, as a rule, simple general functions. An important characteristic of such systems is the level of their integration. In the simplest way, the characteristic indicates the implementation of interrelations in the general functions of a standard lancet: zbut - warehouse - purchase - finance.

Virobnichi systems include subclasses of middle and great integrating systems. Qi systems, first of all, are recognized for the management and planning of the manufacturing process. The features of the functions are fully supported, although it would be possible to win an additional role and for an hour it would be impossible to see the module of the accounting appearance, the shards of information from the accounting department would be found automatically from the other modules.

The choice of systems is more foldable in the installation (the cycle of shutdown can take from 6-9 months to the next year and more). It is surprising that the system covers the needs of all production processes, that it will require significant significant efforts in the production process and the software development manager to create an adequate "clearance" picture of all processes.

The selection systems are always oriented to one of the few types of selection, which are mainly based on the methods of business resource planning.

For small enterprises, trading firms and companies, which provide services for the spivvіdnoshnennym tsіna/yakіst іnbіlsh pіdіdut іnаnаsovo-administrаlіnі systems, oskіlki osnovnі zavdannya, scho vіrishuyutsya, tse accounting oblіk, prіvvіnnya prіvіnіnіna produktsіnії. Financial and management systems can also be victorious at small manufacturing enterprises, as the process of manufacturing is not folding.

For small and medium-sized companies, from a small number of legal entities and mutually effective, medium-sized integration systems will be the most simple change of simple integration systems. For such undertakings, the main criterion is the management of virobnitstvom, although the appearance of the enterprise is overlaid with important ones.

For great holding structures, financial and industrial groups, key companies, for some of the first importance, management of collapsible financial flows, transfer prices, consolidation of information, often large integration systems are more important. These systems can also be a good solution for the management of production and can cover the entire complex for a great holding.

To automate gigantic enterprises in lighting practice, there are often changes in solutions from the classes of large, medium and small integration systems, if on equal control of the entire structure of the practice, for example, SAP / R3, and vibrating packages The creation of electronic interfaces with the help of interoperability between systems and allows the unification of data entry.

Visnovok

At the end of the next step, it should be noted that the supply of manufacturing plays an important role, the fragments of the same function should lie further down the line of production.

Material and technical security (MTO) is a type of management activity from the provision of material and technical resources to the manufacturing process. Such diyalnіst zdіysnyuєtsya, as a rule, on the cob of virobnitstva. MTO can be taken care of as a specialized service of the enterprise itself, and independent organizations, which will be the main activity. The main meta of the MTO is bringing material resources to specific types of enterprises in advance by the agreement on the place of provision.

Delivery today is one of the logistics functions. Logistics is a complex function and is an independent area that covers the problems of the physical movement of material resources from time to time and space at all stages of business activity.

Logistics functions are implemented at the usual stages of production and development of material resources. To this, the logistics of production, supply and distribution are subdued (zbutu).

Logistics of delivery that zbutu ohoplyu as nourishment for the internal movement of materials, and for a significant world the movement of material resources is the posture of acceptance. Therefore, the functions of logistics are closely intertwined with other functions of ensuring the movement of material flows.

Efficient organization of the organization's supply of material resources becomes the key official in the functioning and development of the organization. The amount of stocks should be built up to the point where the activity of the organization-virbniks gives failure to the point of virobnitstv. In this manner, the manufacturing process will require a full-time service, and, more importantly, a one-time service, to talk about the need to save reserves. At the same time, prices are added to the syrovina, materials, which can recognize significant seasonal fluctuations and specific impacts of practical activity. If the price is low, it is most likely to create large stocks of syrovin, goods, materials, which would last for the entire period of prices that grew. Incorrect forecasts of food supply and growth stock can lead to a small amount of damage, but sometimes such growth can be significant.

Supply of both commercial (purchase of materials) and technological (delivery of materials) functions.

Razrіznyayut transit and warehouse form of organization MTO. The MTO infrastructure includes the development of a warehouse, transport and procurement state. At other enterprises, they can also be grown from the reworking of the outputs of the production of the Tatar state.

At the appointed time, the materials are equipped with methods, based on planned tasks, on the basis of in-line scheduling and the assignment method.

In the rest of the hour, a wide range of computerized complexes of software management of material resources were installed. Zokrema, we have looked at the mechanism of the MRP system in robots.

In foreign practice, the Japanese concepts of organization of production, and material supply are wide-spread. Before such concepts, there is a reasonable variability, implemented in the system “exactly at the same time” and “kanban”.

List of victorious literature

1. Galikov E.A. Marketing and logistics: new tools of the state. - M.: Іspit, 2006.

2. George M. L. Sparing Virobnitstvo + Six Sigma. Combining the brilliance of six sigma with the speed of a gentle choice. Vidavnitstvo: "Alpina Business Books", 2005.

3. Zhdanova L.A. Organization and management of an industrial firm in different countries. - Kazan: Economy, 2009.

4. Kobets Y. A. Planning for undertakings. Taganrog: View of TRUTH, 2006.

5. Nigel Slack. Organization, planning and design of production. Operational management. - M.: Infra-M, 2009.

6. Sergєєv I.V., Economy of organization (enterprise). - M.: Prospekt, 2005.

7. Sklyarenko V.K., Prudnikov V.M. Economics of business: Pdruchnik. - M: INFRA-M. - 2006.

8. Turovets O.G. Organization of manufacturing for business. - Rostov-on-Don: Ed. Bereznya Center, 2002.

9. Fatkhutdinov R.A. Virobnichiy management: A handyman for cherries. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2003.

10. Chueva L. N. Economics of the firm. Assistant for students. - 2-view. - M.: Dashkov and K. - 2008.

11. Economics of business (firms): Pdruchnik / Ed. prof. O.I. Volkova and Assoc. O. V. Dev'yatkina. - 3rd view., Rev. that dod. - M: INFRA-M. - 2007.

12. Economics of business / Ed. K.M.Semenova. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2007.

13. Economics of business/Pid. ed. prof. Gorfinkelya V.Ya. - M.: UNITI-DANA. - 2008.

14. Economics of business: Podruchnik, ed. N.A. Safronova - M .: "Jurist", 2006.

15. Economics of the company: Pdruchnik / Zag. ed. Prof. N.P. Ivashchenko. - M: INFRA-M, 2006. .

16. Yarkin T.V. Fundamentals of business economics: a short course: assistant. - M: 2007.

17. Gavrilov D. The practice of using MRP systems // Director of information services. - 2003. - No. 4.

18. Russian market of corporate information systems// Computer Press. - 2005. - No. 3.

19. Shukaev A.I. Planning models for purchasers of material resources // Management in Russia. - 2005. - No. 3.

20. Karpachov I. I., Kolesnikov S. N. Resource management systems [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://consulting.ru/econs_art_749273811

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