This story can be started from food: “Russian samovar, true Russian wine”? It is marvelous, but in such a simple diet there is a conflict between two old ideologies (those of words and phrases).
And suddenly, the history of the samovar is overgrown with huge crowns of "cranes", and it will not be easy to know the truth. Or maybe it's impossible.
I will preach to you five paths of perversion: historical documents plus simple life logic.
Shards of history are a long time ago, then you can’t go into it “Shvidko” - tune in to the old text. However, if it’s right for you, then you won’t waste an hour for nothing. Bude, at least, scary.
Legends about the Russian samovar
From the last variety of thoughts and "old stories" I have seen six (as they are most often used):
1. The samovar was brought from Russia from Holland by Peter I himself from the first emperor, the history of the Russian samovar began.
The legend of the garn, but it does not show the simplest re-verification for authenticity. On the right, in the fact that during the hours of Peter Russia, it was already a country, as you write. A mitten was taken, gifts were collected, records were kept. We can find the letter riddle about the samovar (as an object of taxable law) in the documents that were put together after the death of Peter (it doesn’t seem like an hour more expensive for the emperor to go to Holland). There are no riddles about the Russian samovar in other dzherels (Zokrems and foreign ones).
2. Samovar deliveries to Russia from China at once from tea.
This version seems to be logical, but… Tea from Russia began to be imported from the seventeenth century. That's one fact. Vіdomy chinese ho-go, what a name similar to a samovar. That's another fact.
Chinese ho-go
Ale ho-go appointments are not for “brewing” tea. I vzagalі vіn no appointments in order to cook. Ho-go - the whole bowl (єmnіst) with a brazier (firebox) covered under it, as if it was stuck in order to raise the temperature of the zhі (to not let it reach). I only. Hoto serving not for cooking, but for hot herbs.
And besides, the Chinese are already rich in teapots and special tea cups, and today the tea culture does not transfer victoria ho-go for the preparation of any herbs, but they will drink more of such a noble drink.
In addition, analogous "pidigrivalni" fit the history in the home a long time ago. Boule stench, for example, from Ancient Romans. Autepsa (the name of the Roman “pidіgrivаch”) was a cube with hanging walls. Water was poured between the walls, and fire was kindled in the center. In this order, they played water, and they gave wine to the yak. They put a trinity over the fire, on which they played a hedgehog.
There were such “pidigrivachs” in Ancient Persia. The remnants of the mid-range “podigrivach” were found during the excavations of the ancient place Beldzhamen near the Volga region. It is allowed to admit that this is an attachment for the Bulgar (pre-Mongolian) production.
3. The samovar came from Russia from England and is an analogue of the English "tea urn".
Indeed, for boiling water in England, tea judges or tea urns were stuck. Prote, ci judges were popular in 1740 - 1770 years. And at that time, the Russian samovar came from Russia, and from Europe.
The stench threw a hot stone into a bowl of water, and the water boiled. And the shards of water boiled, and the samovar. The logic is simply naming. She yells out what the Cro-Magnons were guessing. The stench was smeared with a hot stone from the okrop, and the shards of the stone were hot - the stench threw yogo ubik. The stone is flying... So the light has appeared!
5. Samovar - the evolution of the sbitennik.
Sbitennik - all special utensils (attachment, if you want) for preparing zbitnya. Sbiten vіdomy in Russia over 1000 years. Before tea appeared, Russians drank zbiten regularly and regularly. Accept lie - obov'yazkovo. Drink this savory and brown (richly brown for tea).
Prote, let's turn to the samovar. So, the version is even stronger - the beatennik mayzhe is similar to a samovar: a container from an internal pipe for laying a vugill, an attachment for “serving” a drink (a spout, like a teapot). I prepared (cooked) zbiten at the zbitennik.
Everything would have been more logical and reliable, yakbi did not have version No. 6.
6. Ural samovar.
Tulyaks respect themselves as the founders of samovar production in Russia. In 1996, Tula awarded the 250th anniversary of the cob of industrial production of samovars at the city of zbroyarivs. In 1746, an entry in the inventory of the Main of the Onega Monastery was broken. This record is to say that the monastery has a samovar of Tula forging.
Prote (and don’t let the inhabitants of Tula look out), there are reliable data about those that the first samovars were made in the Urals at the factories of Suksunsky (the plant laying down for Demidov), Troitsky (the factory of Turchaninovykh) and Irginsky (the brothers Osokini’s hairdressers).
Even more often, when we tell the story of our ancestry, we talk about the immortal heroes and the innocent minds. Ale don’t say “free”, but just forget the names.
Try to grow up in the depths of the rocks long gone.
I will start not from the cob, but from (as you can say so) the middle.
The Sovereign Archives of the Sverdlovsk Region collects another document from the militia service. Dated on June 7 of the fierce 1740 year. With a document, goods were delivered to Yekaterinburg from the river Chusovoy: honey in six tubs, peas in six sacks, and “a samovar of medium pudding, with a 16-pound vag, a hand-made factory robot, with an attachment.” The merchants of the Irginsky plant were the victims of this right.
It is noteworthy that the soldiers did not smirk at the wondrous marvel, as it was revealed on the pier. And they recorded it in song: "Samovar". Why are you squealing, that the stench was running the samovar no more. The first grade of yoga was appointed - 4 rubles 80 kopecks.
And this history began in 1727, when the Osokini brothers took away the space for the copper-smelting plant on the river Irgіnci. At the factory, they carved copper pennies (for treasury), and if the demand for pennies fell, the copper dishes began to work. It is necessary to say that on the right was pributkova and the brothers of bagatili. They let out crockery and turnings.
And in the absence of a bar it was famously trapilos - on private backwaters came treasury (sovereign) chief masters, they replaced the clerks and began to roam the maistrovy people to reason and reason. Today they would say about the strengthening of the role of the state in the regulation of the economy. They pinned the utensils (for the help of the state people) and began to give medi sauce before the execution "for a firm price." Vnaslidok tsgogo plant duzhe shvidko pіdіyshov to bankruptcy.
Vlasnik turned to the factory to the treasury, vryatuvat the factory and took away the will of the mundane utensils. Ale one time. І sell wherever you want.
At about the same hour, the Bashkir rebellion began, as if giving rise to a "freeman" - volunteers from the factories went to the corrals to calm the rebels. And just as at other factories, the maistrovy people were trimmed for work, then from the bankrupt plant, the people simply threw them to war. For a few months, the “wars” got plenty drunk and began to turn around home.
History has not saved the name of that master-warrior, who turned to the factory from the war with the idea of creating a cold cauldron, who could have a cold night without bagatty, prepare a hot meal, and then shovat this cauldron at the roadside.
The Maistri turned to the factory, and the factory was on the border. I allowed from Ekaterinburg to make dishes and sell yoga, but only once. And who do you sell to? The old links have been broken, there are no reliable buyers. What work? I was also the breeder of a famous foreign purchase - private and state-owned gurals, like the ones who needed expensive cubes, Kazan and trumpet-samovars.
Samovar-kitchen
It is necessary to say that the first samovars were strongly quarreled both for their good looks, and for the outhouse, like modern samovars. There were samovars, divided into vіdsіki, in which one could immediately cook the first, the friend, and the third grass. Boules and samovars are the same grass. Small, 3-8 liters and 15 liters, they were called "soldier" and "gypsy" among the people. At that hour, the famous samovar-kitchen and heating kettles appeared at that hour.
The golden age of the Russian samovar
The release of the Russian samovar - the end of the eighteenth century, and the century of the nineteenth. Until this hour, and tea is expensive, that samovar can be easily allowed even more than necessary by a person. Do you remember how the merchants appreciated their samovar on the mitnitsa? 4 rubles 80 kopecks. Garna hut cost 10 karboventsiv, and for 20 karbovents you could buy buninok. The cow costed 2.50 carbovants.
In the course of the year, samovars began to be serially produced, which reduced the number of samovars, and that tea became available.
Samovars were willingly bought by local people, samovars in taverns appeared, and “gromadsky samovars” were also popular.
Before the Vitchiznyanoy war of 1812, the main post-manager of samovars was Petro Silin, who led the plant in the Moscow province. Vіroblyav up to 3000 samovars per river.
And after the war, the situation changed and the main samovar production shifted to Tula. There were 28 samovar factories in the city of zbroyarov, and they produced 120 thousand samovars and accessories before them.
There appeared samovars of various styles: "empir", "crater", samovar-jar, samovar-dulya, samovar-charka, etc. The leather factory used to make its own samovar, unlike the products of its competitors. The production of samovar-kitchen, samovari-kavniki, road, gas (which were even more popular in the Caucasus) were launched. And all these novelties just went on until the end of the 19th century. On the cob of the twentieth century, they drank less than tea from samovars. І on the cob of the First light war, Tula vibrated over 660,000 samovars per river.
The soul of the Russian samovar
For such obsyagіv virobnitstva samovar mіtsno vіyshov to the skin booth. And not just uvіyshov - the samovar has become a characteristic rice of the national pobutu.
Boris Sadovsky sings at the front of the collection "Samovar" writing:
The samovar in our life is unfamiliar to ourselves, great is the place. Like a manifestation of the Russian day, wine posture for foreigners. Russian people in the hums and whispers of the samovar are created from the children's well-known voices: the sound of the spring wind, the native songs of the mother, the merry calling whistle of the strong whistle. There are not a few voices at the European cafe in Moscow.
So the samovar became a part of the culture of the people. Pushkin and Gogol, Blok and Gorky wrote about it.
Artists wrote (and write) like yoga. In Qiu Posad, I included a sprinkling of paintings, in some of them the main hero is a samovar. If you have a bag, then you can talk about the collection of paintings dedicated to the samovar:
- There is a samovar on the embroidered tablecloth. Artist Evgen Mukovnin
- Still life. Tea from a samovar
- Russian wonder samovar photo
Romance and poetry on a table adorned with a samovar, and summer night, and fluffy hops, and honey smells ... The heart is overwhelmed by a calm mother's lampshade, a linen tablecloth, a bouquet of a buzka, and a song by a samovar.
And the Russian samovar just can be sleepy. A bunch of wines thinly and lowerly sing, then we make noise, like a winter windswimmer, and then we swear, like a spring wind. І tse nevipadkovo - the right samovar was prepared in this way (the shape of the body), schob vin obov'yazkovo spіvav.
And what kind of tea does the samovar have? Tse you are not an electric sprinkle. Samovar is a good chemical reactor, which effectively reduces water hardness. At a right samovar, water does not heat up like a kettle (downhill. Warm water rises uphill at the same time from salts, sometimes minerals). And in the samovar, the water heats up all the time and the indistinct carbonates settle to the bottom (there is a faucet in the samovar that is always hanging at the bottom) and, at least, on the pipe. Sounds like such a unique taste of tea. Do you remember?
Among the water-heating appliances, a samovar is borrowed in particular - a Russian tea machine, as they called it in Europe. The word "samovar" passed from us to all of us. The similarity of this word is now not understood by everyone, the shards of "cook yourself" in the future, the word "water" is wrong. But more than a hundred years ago, the word "cook" got used not only zhodo zhі (cook soup, riba), but before water, like the word "boil". Moreover, they did not only boil water in samovars, but boiled meat and meat.
The first riddles about samovar production and samovars were known until 1745. Starting in the Russian way until the middle of the 18th century, let’s begin to grow tea and cava with a wide width, order with traditional Russian utensils (brothers, rose-cuts, ladles), new utensils and water-heating outbuildings - teapots, kavnikiv and samovars.
Like the majority of other winemakers, the samovar has its own successors. Nasampered tse Chinese ho-go, yak, yak і samovars, it blew the pipe.
Ale, at the front of the samovar, in the ho-th long ago they served (but they didn’t cook) broth and soup, and the stench was roaring at that. Tea and tea are brewed by the Chinese in cups and teapots from gratami.
At the Ancient Rome, ships of two types were courted for support. The first type is auteps. They killed Yogo at the look of a chotiric maidan with a fenced-in wall. Water was poured between the walls, and fire was lit on the Maidanchik in the middle. So they played water to add to the wine. Over the maidan, a trinіzhka was ruled for pіdіgіvu аbo varіnnyа їжі. Another type - the judges looked at the vase with a tap, and blew without a trumpet.
The first samovars and bells and in their own way were similar to the English so-called "tea urns" or "tea judges", as they served for boiling water and victorious in England in the 1740-1770s. Until the end of the 18th century, the samovar already had all the characteristic structural and functional features necessary for heating water, as a sign of infection. Tse allow you to enter the samovar with a national Russian virob.
With the help of history, the development of the samovar yogo zvnіshnіshnіshnіshnіshnіshnіshnіshnіshnіshnіshnіshnіshnіshnіshnіshnіshnіsnіy vіglyad vіdnіuvalі vіdpovіvalі vіdpoіvіli vіdpovidno kolіvіn gusto. A little stench was small in favor of the rococo style, then it was heavy to the empire, and for example, its foundation did not vanquish modernity. Ale "internal zmist" was abandoned by the traditional. True, like the nineteenth century, a gas samovar appeared, and the factory of the Chernikov brothers created a production of samovars with a side pipe, which helped the wind blowing and slowed down the process of boiling.
The samovars have grown to a leather booth, have become a characteristic rice of the Russian pobut. Boris Sadovskoy sings in front of the collection "Samovar" writing: "The samovar in our life is unfamiliar to ourselves, it occupies a great space. the spring wind, the mother's hymns, the merry calling whistle of the strong whirlwind.
On the eve of the Soviet war of 1812, the largest enterprise for the production of samovars was the plant of Peter Silin, which was located in the Moscow province. There were about 3,000 wines on the river, but until the 1820s, the city of Tula became a greater role for samovar production, as they called it the capital of samovar.
The design of the samovar is foldable: 
In the middle, the brazier was stashed at the looking trumpet - "glechik". Below, under the "gleck" for stronger traction, it was blowing to fight. The reservoir of the samovar-vazi is a safety net for the beast, on which ring the lid is spiraled. Two "bumps" - grips and steamers are swaying on the krishtsi - the same small turning krishechki on the openings for the exit of the bet.
The body vase spirals onto the bottom of the foot. "Glechik" (brazier) is closed with a lid and secured with a burner for installing a teapot. For zlivu drive, serve as a tap with a wrench. The pins are swayed in various forms, the deacons of them are already vigilant and foldable at the vikonan.
There are also different profiles of figured openings (fistones) on blowers and burners. The most important decorative elements of all compositions were rep'єts, handles and legs. The legs scrambled kulyast, at the sight of the left paws, bird's legs, etc.
The great achievement of the samovar was those that in the new flame tube were placed in the middle of the reservoir and honed from the sides with water. That's why the heat loss is small, and the coeficient of corisnoi diї is even higher.
The samovar maistri saw an attached chimney, so that they could put it on the top of the furnace chimney. Teapots appeared on the back, taking the form of a spherical, additive, distant kitchen utensil;
The stars of their form, which increase the resonance, the samovar can see sounds that accurately convey the camp of boiling water: at the first stage, the samovar "spivaє", at the other - "make noise", at the third - "viruє". So, as the samovar is fired properly, then by the sound, it’s easy to catch the swidkoplinna to the other stage of boiling.
Moreover, the samovar is not just a boiler. In the second chemical reactor - help with solid water, which is even more important, because tea, brewed with solid water, is not savored. When boiling, the hardness decreases, so as the indistinct carbonates (scale), which have settled down, are deposited on the walls of the pipe and the body (body), and the main part of them settles to the bottom. True, the efficiency of the reaction decreases through the year, so the scale must be removed.
It is noteworthy that the master of the samovar should not shake the faucet of the very bottom, but start a troch more, in order to accumulate scale, to settle, not to drink from the drink, to get ready.
XIX century - the "golden century" of the samovar workshop in Russia. The leather factory used to make its own samovar, unlike other samovars. There is such a variety of samovar forms: end, smooth, faceted, kulyast, in the neo-Greek style, which inspired the antique forms of amphorae. Vkrai raznomanіtnі buli rosemіri and єmnostі samovarіv: in flasks up to twenty liters. For example, the 19th-early 20th century samovars were mali nayriznomanіtnіshi povyakdenny names that indicate the shape of the viroba: "jar", "cup", "vase", "shlunok", "muzzle", "rіpka", "Great egg", "half" i" "and so on.
At the same time there were whispers of the universal vikoristanny of samovars: samovars-kavniki, samovars-kitchens, home samovars, road cars were being created.
However, most of them did not become wider, and in the 20th century they began to vicorate only samovars for boiling and serving to the tea table. Three typical forms of samovars appeared in the life: cylindrical, conical (like a vase) and spherical splash (like a ripka). At the same time, the designs of faucets, handles, legs, burners became different.
At this hour, the most common companion of the samovar is a bouillotte (from the French bonillir - boil) - a small vessel on a stand with a spirit lamp. Bulіyka sounded put on the table, filled with hot water. For additional alcohol, the water was heated in the camp of boiling, until the samovar, poured with cold water, boiled again.
How do you breed such a chim and heat a fire samovar? The best fire for a new one is the village of vugillya, dry chicks and codfish, pine cones. A trace of memory, however, is that in dry pine cones there is a lot of resin, as you can drink by the water. At the same time, it is not possible, like a scorching fire, to extinguish the gas.
With a small amount of heat, the water in the samovar begins to boil quickly, moreover, the samovar retains heat for a long time and does not fail to look out. The locality of modern hot samovars is brewed from 4.5 to 7 liters. The hour of boiling water does not change 30 minutes. You can only spit out the fire in the samovar by filling the reservoir with water.
The greatest development of samovar production in Russia reached in 1912-1913, if only 660 thousand pieces were produced in Tula. The first world war has started the release of samovars, which was only after the end of the civil war.
At the Radyansk, hours began to be prepared like hot, and electric samovars. The stench is released from our days. Electric samovars are false samovars. The stench of nothing sleepy can not be washed out of the right Russian brazier samovar. An electric samovar is, in fact, the same electric kettle that takes the form of a traditional fire samovar. Vіn є metalevy body, vnutr_shnya part of which serve as a reservoir for water. In the middle of the tank there is a metal tube with a heating element.
At Kolomna. A private collection of Burovikh's, presented in the museum, consists of over 400 samovars. A lot of military Burovs picked samovars all over Russia for a long time. A great work of restoration has been carried out. Nearly 100 models of samovars will be awarded for restoration.
All the photographs below were taken at the Budinka Samovar near Kolomna.
The samovar is a water heater, which is more robust in the case of the samovar. Water can be heated on a hot fire, for example, put a kettle on a coarse. But it’s obvious that the air was not heated all day long, because there was a lot of fire on it. In Russia, the pich was thawed only once in the bounty, and in the cold hours it was early in the evening, then two for the day. To the one, if the samovar was victorious when needed.
The samovar wiggles even a little more. Wine boils hot. It is important that, with the correct dispensation, a liter of water boils in one whilin. Obviously, 10-liter samovars boiled for 10 minutes. This kind of electric samovar boils much longer.
"Samovar" - Russian wine?
From the above stats you know:
The story is that the samovar is a Russian wine. Water-heating accessories were also in other countries, zokrema, in China, and, obviously, tse positioned in China, as already adapted by Russian maisters to our minds.
Tea came to Russia in the 17th century, and more precisely in the middle of the 17th century for Tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich (as you know, father of Peter I). During the first hours of the reign, the merchants began to see Central Asia. Main people also brewed and water-heating devices for the fact that the history of Chinese devices that heat water, at that time already had close to 1700 years. The stench was even more requested from the constables.
Composition in the Russian style
Likewise, samovars vibrated in Europe. For example, in France. Tse zvani samovar "fountain". Such samovars did not make fire. They had a flask filled with ice, and beaten ice was seething around the yak for cooling instead of a samovar, for heating the home. Then they took a special chavun weight, roasted it in the oven, after which they put it in that very flask. At such samovars, chime, they prepared.
Samovars were also made in England. For the most part, they were simple medni samovars. In Nіmechchyna, most often they prepared kavniks with pigrim bottom on alcohol.
First riddle about the samovar
The first riddle about the samovar is heard in Russia in the 1740s. This epoch, like a direct match for Peter I, who died in 1725. The first axis is the same, in the Urals, near the village of Suksun, at the Suksun copper smelters, here in the descriptions, the word “samovar” is guessed. At that very hour, the word "samovar" appears in one of the descriptions of the lane of an old-class monastery. At that time, samovars were finished to a primitive design. The best samovars on this day were practically nowhere to be found. Basically, samovars of the 19th century were saved, or the end of the 18th century.
Price for a samovar
Samovars as a subject of trade were more expensive. In the middle of the 19th century, for the hour of Gogol, the reign of Tsar Mikoli I, the average samovar cost 5-7 kr, which at that hour meant the price of a cow.
Materials for making a samovar
When hand-made, the samovar can be folded to the edge with a virob, and it can be wrapped around the road.
During the long 19th century, samovars were made from midi and brass. Classical brass has a straw-yano-yellow color, like 999 gold. If in brass midi there is more than 80% won of the characteristic red color, such metal is called tompak. The samovar is obviously tombakovy. Such samovars were more expensive and important, lower than others. The people called everything “samovarne” or “gypsy gold”. The gygans could buy one copy from a clubbing camp, cut it for the required details, and prepare additional jewelry embellishments from them, so that they can sell like gold. If you know that brass and copper are oxidized, you should regularly boil water in them. When heated up to 100 degrees, the stench is in contact with the sour, which is the same in the case, and even the soot is established on them. "Patina".
Composition at the Budinka Samovar
See cover the samovar
Nickel-bathing (like covering a samovar) became possible only for example in the 19th century with the appearance of electricity and winemaking at the chemistry of galvanic baths. The metal was made in retail, electrics were brought to galvanic baths, the pits were buried there, and then they were covered with nickel with a thin ball. Nickel is kind, because Tsey metal mіtsniy and hard. If the samovar was crooked to him, the vines no longer ragged, but were durable and long-lasting. In addition, the nickel may not be dark, obviously it was not necessary to polish it so often. And from the way the samovars are brass or medni, then during the steady boil, literally a month after the cleaning, the stench grimaced with a great patina.
We also produce piece-patterned special coatings for samovars. It worked for the sake of navmisne zіstariti їhnіy zvnіshnіy vglyad.
Ways to clean the samovar
Zagali samovars were cleaned with a finely dispersed squeak with a small addition of water. The sumish was applied to the ganchirochka and cleaned in this way. In addition, the samovars were cleaned with ashes that were left in the view of the mountainous village. They also cleaned it with a grated whole, with which they rubbed it into powder, tobto. cleaned with abrasive materials.
It was not easy to clean the samovar. The lady stained at a very rich hour, that was when they polished him only at the great saint.
Forms (styles) of samovars
The simplest and widest form of the samovar is the so-called “bank”.
Style samovar "bank"
There were dozens of forms of samovars or, as people said, “styles”. It is also the popular style of the "cup", if the samovar sounds to the bottom. The cup could be "faceted", "three columns", "in a yalinka column", "twisted column", "oval edged cup", "smooth cup" and so on.
The style of the samovar "cup"
Forms of that style were suvori, prote from one style to another could change different details, like elements of decor. Sometimes, if you marvel at the samovar, it’s even easier to accurately determine the shape and style.
Vzagali, samovars could mother the most chimerical forms. For example, the samovar looks like “harmony” (similar to the barrel of an old harmat), “kuli” (rounded to the bottom), “kavuna” (absolutely round), “pears”, “garbuzi”, “nuts”, “vasi” (won and “rіpka”, “vases of share”, “vases with medallions” were vibrated), they looked like “boots” (great and small), “queen”, shriveled and richly others.
Samovar style "kavun"
Samovars could be of different sizes. The small samovar is called « hisist» . I will drink one cup of wine. Samovar « tet-a-tet» rozrakhovaniya two cups thinly.
Small samovar
Samovars of the great obsyagu, the titles of "chotiriokh-vіdernі" and "tavern". Russian-made samovars were more solid, solid, and it was important that how many liters of water to enter at the samovar, how many liters of wine should be empty at kilograms. The stench was more bulky and unbearable. They put them in taverns, markets and other large places.
Below is a photo of some of them.
Svyatkov samovars
Collection exhibit
Gas samovars were also prepared in the same way. At the bottom of such a samovar there was a flask, pouring out into a yak, there is also a note and a half-light regulator. Sokozh іsnuvav "alcohol" samovar. Alcohol is poured near the flask, heating the water for a certain hour. Due to the folding nature of the construction, the fumes and alcohol samovars were made even more expensively and the drink was not small.
Road samovars. In the case of standard samovars, stinks are blown, mainly, with less volume and viscous shoes for short transportation. They took them from far more expensive.
Army polished samovar. Basically, the wines of appointments for the officer's warehouse. Such a samovar has small legs, taps on three sides for a quick draw of the water, handles on both sides for ease of transfer.
Holy Easter samovar. Tsey samovar throwing itself on an Easter egg. Such samovars were exhibited only once, on Easter week, and on other days they were decorated with magnificent samovars. Well, at the booth, there was a sprinkling of samovars - every booth, having entered into the rich, we can.
Vіdomy svyatkovy samovar, at the sight of a lighter, or so called "a jar of faceted". Vіn duzhe tovstіnny, to that the vіzerunki on the new one were crushed with acid. Use brass samovars, painted under Khokhloma and Zhostiovsky painting.
The main parts of the samovar
Behind a few small details, the samovar is made up of two great parts: the “body” and the “furnace” (there is a glechik). Offensive details grimaced in the middle with grub tin, and the soldering of the entire samovar was made of tin. Tin, as you know, is a fusible metal, it melts for three hundred degrees. The temperature in the furnace of the samovar could reach 450 degrees, as if the wine was heated by wood torches, and more, as if the village of Vugillya was bulo. So, as if the samovar was not filled to the brim, but, for example, only half and fired into the new fire, the details were soldered into the new and the samovar became inapplicable.
Internal attachment to the samovar
In addition, the design features are those that the two main elements (the body and the firebox) need to be put in such a rank, so that they would be one whole. It is necessary to solder the firebox especially at the bottom of the furnace. Such a foldedness is prepared that will bring you a great price. That is why, in the 19th century, such a buttish attachment was far from being for everyone. For example, the rural middle class had no samovars. There was a stink in the aristocracy, in the merchant's middle, in the possible city's middle among the townspeople and only for Alexander III and Mikoli II, the samovar, having become a big-small, enters the peasant's middle.
Production of samovars
Until the end of the 18th century, the production of samovars in Russia began to concentrate more importantly than Tula. Although there were other times of their virobnits, for example, the firms of Alenchikov-Zimin virobled samovars near Moscow-Petersburg. The production of samovars near Tula is easily explained by the fact that maisters-zbroyars worked there, as if they were good with metal. The deyakі їх were retrained and began to produce samovars. The samovar at the selling price may have been delivered with zbroi, and to that їх іz the satisfaction was prepared by a large number of masters-brothers. During the 19th century, there were about 70 artillerymen in Tula, as they were engaged in the preparation of various samovars after the revolution of 1917, and only two backwaters were lost. release samovars (the truth is in small quantities).
Part of the exposition
Part of the exposition
The main famous masters, who worked at Tula: the brothers Lomovi, Batashovi, Shimarini, Vorontsov, Berta Genrikhivna Teile, as if the company was falling apart because of their own person and others.
Samovars were also made by the Polish kingdom, for example, in the 19th century, by the Frazhe firm. Firm Frazhe knows that the stink of the wine was a method of deep harm. These samovars were more shaky and more openwork, basically the samovar was medium with brass elements, the pedestal with lowers was brass, the blower, the faucet of the handle were all brass.
Samovars today
In our days, samovars are most often vicorated for decoration purposes, to create an interior in the "Russian" style. For sale are both traditional wood-fired models and electric samovars. The main harvester, like before, is the Tula plant "Stamp". Emphasis on the hour of preparation of replacements design, tk. in our days, a samovar is more of a decor item, rather than a first-time consumer.
The most common purchases of a vicorist samovar are at the zamіskom booth, at the dacha, at the lazna.
We suspect that after reading these articles, you will see the museum "Budinok Samovar" in Kolomna, and it is possible to call a samovar. In this case, we can boldly recommend you the online store "Senior Porcelain". You can also buy porcelain dishes and other serving items at the Senior Porcelain store.
Share the recipe for your favorite tea with the readers of our site!
At the same time, we put the kettle on the gas stove, or else, like an electric wine, just remember yoga. And earlier in Russia there was nothing like it. Water was poured into a teapot for brewing, a flask or a cup, all from the samovar. I spent some time with tea every once in a while. Drink 5-6 cups of this fragrant drink, filling it with zukerki, painted gingerbread and bagels bulo garazd. From whom I have been told, I will tell you, what was the history of the samovar.
The whole country drank tea from the samovar. And most of all yoga was implanted in merchant families.
For some reason, they simply say “cup”, but in reality, mainly, for the Russian tradition, they drank tea in a saucer. Sipati in tea tsukor bulo is accepted. They chided him, as a rule, with a bite. If you want to finish your tea, then turn the saucer over or the cup burns down and claving the excess zucru to the beast.
Puzatim samovars koristuvalis and in the houses of ordinary people, and in the royal palace.
Tsey pristriy buv more zruchim. Firstly, the water in the samovar boiled rather quickly, but cooled properly. In another way, at the top of the prilad there was a special place for the brewing teapot, which had not reached the brew for a long time. And thirdly, samovar nibi pulling us to the sleeping table, keeping order with it is not vapid, wide roaming it was already handy.
Samovar so long ago it was a symbol of the Russian zastillya, so many people take into account the guilt of Russian. In fact, the old Romans used to make samovars far away. And yet the best modern samovar is similar to the old Chinese attachment, which blows the pipe and blows.
Peter the First, having risen in price all over the world, often bringing new things to Russia, earlier in our homeland. Under the new Russian people themselves, for example, they found out about the basis of potatoes and soniashnik. A samovar, which was called in Europe a "tea machine," arrived to you.
And the greatest Russian samovar was crushed from midi in 1739 in the Urals. But there were too few of them. First in the country, the workshop, yak, was only engaged in the preparation of samovars, having organized the roci slyusar Lisitsin at the city of Tula in 1778.
Unexpectedly, the demand for “tea machines” has reached such a level that similar varieties have been found in the rich places of Russia.
At the same time, a single designated “samovar” appeared, and a bunch of yogo was called differently: in Kursk, ce buv “self-boiling”, in Yaroslavl - “samogar”, in V'yattsі - “self-heating”.
Cicavo, what a deaky hour in Russia vibrated and so called samovar-kitchen. The middle of them was divided by partitions into three parts. Two of them were cooking hedgehog, and the third was boiling water for tea.
You could buy the same samovar, rent for one flask of tea, or you could buy the same, 50 liters of water were placed in the yak.
The samovars made of zinc alloy and midi came to replace the middle ones. It was possible to buy silver and nickel-plated silver, but they cost the stench more expensively.
The largest samovar in the world preparations in Ukraine. Its height may be 2 meters, weight 205 kg, and hold up to 360 liters of water.
The smallest samovar on the planet was destroyed near Moscow. Yogo height is less than chotiri millimeter. And you can only boil one drop of water in the New.
Lovers of "tea machines" are no longer so rich now. That stink, more importantly, will not bother with rotting, but bathe electric samovars.
Razkupovuyt їх i like souvenirs, which tell about the old Russian rite - sloppy tea for pies and varennya.
Comments (6)
Even a good and brand-new site "our filipok" was more worthy of "history of a samovar" though less than 10 years, but I sing folklore songs and I would like to add some of my own about Russian traditions to your site. .
I have been honored by your site, especially about the pioneer heroes VVV Thank you for the success of the creator of the site.
Korisna statya
Korisna, informative article. Thank you. We read from a blue voice about samovars, youmu 4 at a time. You know what it is, but not long ago the grandmother bought a samovar from the gift and now stand in the kitchen. More precisely, they didn’t bathe, but made a request on the site samovari.ru. Wine for 4 liters with a signature "Gzhel", electric. There are no dachas in us, so such an axis was chosen. Sit in the kitchen, tea with cakes for the older generations, I respect, they are so important for our children and prices for fathers.
Recommend
I am a mother of a preschooler and your site is just a sign for us! We get ready for school, and all the articles are read / analyzed at once. We knew the article about the samovar. Sin, in principle, you know what it is, more grandma can. Ale wine stand idle, more for beauty. It’s amazing, but they didn’t brew it once, it’s possible that the wine is simply not right. Igor’s article zatsikavila and now I want to marvel, as it is necessary to brew tea in a samovar. Come and visit the site samovari.ru (before speech, I read your comment) and show me. I think mom ... no, I’m sure that our grandmother will be happy with such a purchase.
Chayuvannya behind a samovar - Russian traditional pobutu rice. The samovar is not just an accessory to the butt, it is a good thing, a family lull and prosperity. Yogo was handed down at the bottom, vin entering at the girl's dowry. Vin flaunted himself on the most prominent place at the booth, having taken the honorable place on the table.
The history of the Russian samovar is far away. According to the legend, Peter the First brought the samovar to Russia from Holland. Ale, for documentary evidence, he appeared through the first century after his death. Pohodzhennya samovar goiter and tea, like a vinik of Russia from the 16th century. Yogo popularity grew rapidly, until the 19th century in Russia, tea became the most popular drink.
Already in the 18th century, samovar-kitchen and beatenniks appeared in Tula and the Urals, in which they cooked beaten in honey, herbs, water and spices. The first riddle about the samovar is revealed in the description of the lane of the Onez Monastery dated 1746. Tula is called the fatherland of the samovar, but historians do not include the fact that the first samovars started working at one of the Ural factories: Irginsky, Trinity and Suksunsky. In the historical documents, which are saved in the Derzharkhiv, a medium tinned samovar of a factory robot with a weight of 16 pounds is described. Zgіdno with conducted investigations it was brought to light that yoga was destroyed by the Irgіnsky miltsy in 1738-1740.
At the 19th century, a gas-fired samovar was launched, at the factories of the Chernikov brothers they began to produce samovars with a side pipe, which completely accelerated the process of boiling, strengthened the wind. Until 1812, Peter Silin's plant in Podmoskov was the largest enterprise for the manufacture of samovars. 3000 pieces were issued in bulk. Ale until 1820 Tula became a leader in samovar production. For thirty years, 28 factories have been built there, producing 120,000 samovars in a short time.
The winery of samovars gave rise to models of various forms. There were popular egg-shaped samovars with loop-like handles, some models predicted an old Greek vessel, vases with legs at the left paws, which looked even more urochist. We also prepared road models with znimniy legs. The stench was a rectangular, rich-faceted, cubic shape. You can take them with you for a picnic, for a hike, for a hike.
On the 19th century, the opening of the samovar vodnosine from Russia falls. The leather factory tried to create its own, dissimilar samovar. The kulyas, smooth, finished, faceted samovars appeared. Volume tezh buv rezny, syagav 20 liters. Among the people, samovars were named after their form: half-moon, ripka, vase, blow, acorn, Easter egg.
In the 20th century, the samovar was given only one role - to bring the boil to the tea table. Three forms were seen: conical, cylindrical, spherical splashing. The designs of handles, faucets, burners, and bottoms have become different. In 1912, the number of samovars produced in Tula reached 660 thousand pieces per river. The history of samovars at the rocky Gromadyanskaya war was interrupted, the shards of the release of samovars were pinned at the same time. I have renewed my wines. Through the rocks, already beyond the Radyansk hours, electric samovars began to be let out.
Making the first samovars
The process of making samovars is more foldable, making 12 steps. The whole process was divided into several operations, the skin master finished his work. The virobnits took the fate of these specialists:
- Navіdnik. Vіn zginav і soldering the mid-leaf, viroblіv іz new vіdpovidnu form. For tyzhden vіn mіg robiti 6-8 blanks.
- Loudilnik. At the yogo robot, the inner parts of the samovar were tinned with tin. On the day of wine, 60-100 pieces will be added.
- Tokar. He sharpened and polished the samovar for the help of a special workbench, like a twisting robot (spinner). Up to 12 pieces came out per day.
- Slusar. Making accessories (faucets, handles, legs).
- Warehouse. From okremih parts of the wines, picking up the samovar, soldering the legs, taps. For tyzhden vin picking up to 24 samovars.
- Cleaner. This worker can clean up to 10 samovars a day.
- Wood turner. Engaged in the preparation of wooden cones to the top.
Details were robbed from house to house, only the selection and improvement took place in factories. For an hour, one part for a samovar was prepared near the village, once for a week the parts were collected and taken on horseback to the factory for delivery.
Samovars were sold at fairs. Special samovar rows were organized at the famous fairs: Nizhny Novgorod and Makariyevsky. On the cob of wormwood, the Tula people drove samovars to Nizhny Novgorod. On horseback, the goods reached Aleksin, then we went to the Oka and the waterway, lying to Nizhny Novgorod. Such a delivery was the best. They sold samovars on vaga, samovars made of red midi were more expensive, lower models were made of brass. In order to ask for a great price, the traders went to tricks: they poured lead into the samovar, inserted chavunni grati.
Why is tea from a samovar so tasty
The one who would like to taste tea from a good Russian samovar once, having gone over to the richly savory tea from a samovar. Why? Vidpovіd vyyavlyaєtsya simple. In an electric kettle, the water boils softly, ruynuyuchi water structure, flocking with water, and with bagatorase boiling, it is shkidlivaya. Turning over the teapot, at the tea they sip shkidlivy speeches, which are picked up for the day. The spout of a samovar of rotting is more equal than a bunch of important water, for that you can take away the brown water, I’ll savory that m'yaku. At the top of the samovar, put a burner, put a brewing kettle on the yak. Don't boil the wine, but rest at the heat, sloshing.
The most famous samovars in history
At the same time, the samovars of that hour can be littered at museums. Boules of samovars, vikonans made of midi, steel, brass, cupronickel, and more like silver. For the Emperor Oleksandr the First, a custom samovar was prepared, which is now being kept at the Moscow Kremlin Museum. There were embellishments with overhead elements at the left-handed heads, a cap-stub was at the looking angel figurine, and the crane was holding the head of a husky bird.
For the children of Emperor Mykoli the Other, in 1909, the Tula roci prepared five small samovars, the volume of which was one bottle. Leather in its own form: in the form of a vase, in the form of a cup, in the form of an antique judge, in the form of a kuli, walnut amphora. Keep the stench saved at the museum, change at the worker's station. At Zbroya's Chamber, you can have mercy on a samovar made from transparent quartz.
In 1922, one of the factories near Tula produced the largest samovar. Vіn mіstiv 250 lіtrіv vіd vіv vіv 100 kg. They brought the heads of the VTsVK to Kalinin. The hot water was saved in a new two days, although it took about 40 quills to make a fry. Varto is the smallest samovar in history. Yogo size 1 mm, made up of 12 parts, made of gold.
On this day, the most expensive samovars are used by Faberge samovars. Silver and gold were used for victorious victories. The unique techniques of karbuvannya, littya were zastosovulysya.