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Naiglibsha river in the Urals. Where the Ural river flows. Cordon between Asia and Europe

De take the cob and where it falls into the bunk. Ural

Vidpovіd vіd Murka kotova[guru]
Ural is a river in the skhіdnіy Europe. Pass through the territory of Russia, Kazakhstan. The ancient name was Yaik (in Kazakh. Zhayik). In this hour of old, the river was named official in Kazakhstan, as well as victorious in Bashkiria. The river bula was renamed in 1775 by the decree of Catherine the Other, after the strangulation of the Selyanskaya war under the wire of Pugachov, the Yats'ky Cossacks actively took the lot.
Take the cob near the mountains of Pivdenny Ural (Uraltau ridge). It flows into the Caspian Sea. Tributaries: Sakmara, Chagan (right); Or, Ilek (livy).
In ancient dzherels, the river was called Lykos, on the cob of our eri it was called Daix, Daix. In different hours, in different dzherelakh, it is known that they are called: Jaikh, Ruza, Yagak, Yagat, Ulus, Zapilna river. The name Yaїk is guessed first in the Russian chronicle of 1229.
As far as naming the Urals, then for the river there it’s secondary - like the name of the Ural gir, the river takes the cob. A number of tales evoke the march of the current "Ural" from the old name of Pivdenny Ural Araltova (Oraltova) mountain, as it speaks on the cob of the 17th century in the "Book of the Great Armchair" - a description of the map of the entire Moscow state. "Aral Mountain" burn for the Aral Sea: the Urals come to the new through its uninterrupted continuation of Mugodzhari. And the geographic term "aral" is interchangeable with the common Turkic one in two meanings: "islands" and "mizhrichchya", which can be similar to the name of the Ural gir.
Dzherelo: goodness

Vidpovid vіd Dynamics For the spirit[guru]


Vidpovid vіd shemeleva galina[active]
Take the cob near the mountains of Pivdenny Ural (Uraltau ridge). It flows into the Caspian Sea.


Vidpovid vіd Dmitro Sverkunov[Newbie]
URAL (until 1775 - Yaik), a river that flows into the Caspian Sea. Vitik of the river is located near the bottom of the mountain Krugla Sopka (vis. 860 m), on pivdenniy. schili hr. Uraltau in the Uchalinsky district of Bashkortostan. Farther to the territory of the Chelyabinsk, Orenburz, Ural, Gur'evsk regions of the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan. Dovzhina 2534 km (165 km in the Republic of Belarus, starting from the cob), the area of ​​​​the basin is 220 yew. km2. Grunti on the mountain plots of the upper bungalows. Ural - mountainous sod-podzolic and mountainous chernozems, covered with birch and pine-birch forests. On pіvden - horn. Chernozem vyluzheny, occupied by ray and herbaceous fescue and feather grass steppes, significant peace of roses. Eating is important. snow. 65% rec. the runoff is planted in the spring, 30% - for the summer-autumn season and 5% - for the winter season. Reservoir created. Yuldashevsk and Іltebanіvske and іn. Main tributaries: Great Kizil and M. Kizil, Yangelka, Tanalik, Sakmara.

The river Ural takes its cob from Russia, and flows into Kazakhstan into the Caspian Sea. This is the third river behind the river in Europe. Її Dovzhina 2428 km. For this pokaznik in the region, only the Volz and the Danube will do. Above the turn of the Urals, a symbolic place was installed, which never happened to two parts of the mainland: Europe and Asia.

Zagalni vіdomostі

Until 1775, the river Ural was small enough to be called Yaik. After that, as if strangling the village rebellion under the wire of Omelyan Pugachov, Empress Katherine II, by her decree, changed the territory to be suffocated with confusion. The Bashkir and Yaєts'kі Cossacks, who took their fate from the insurgents, became quietly named Ural. Cebulo was smashed in order to erase the memory of the Meshkantsіv podії, if the power and sovereign control over the territory was squandered.

Ural is a swede river. It flows through landscapes of different character, creating its own way unique for the significance of ecological complexes. The channel її meanders in its entirety. Kіlka razіv rіchka abruptly changes in a straight line, escaping straight from the wind, stretching its natural membranes to its way. The climate of the region is continental with strong winds. The fall is rather small - up to 540 mm, which cannot be a stable source of water life.

Mode

The Urals are considered to be a typical steppe river with irregular runoff. This is especially noteworthy in the rich-water river. The Urals live for the rahunok of the snow cover. On the її part of the fall є 65% of the swear obyagu. Reshta - tse fall and often runtovі water.

The Urals freezes from leaf fall every month for a period of up to 120 - 160 days, fallow in the region. Rozkrivaєtsya wines from the country of birch on the cob of kvіtnya. Lіd until the end of winter reaches up to 80 cm of a zavtovka. Under the hour of the tanning of the snowy slope, and the peak of it falls on the lower flow on birch - spring, and before grass - wormwood near the upper Urals to pass up to 80% of the wild water runoff.

The river rises gradually from 2.5 m in the upper reaches to 7 m of the river Uralsk in the lower stream. The maximum value reaches 11 m. At the summer hour, the Urals are not so big, the raging river. Ale pіd h bottling її width zbіlshuєtsya in okremih mіstsyah up to 20 km with a maximum of 36 km.

channel

River Ural is vvazhaetsya swidkoplenoy. From the cob to the girl, the height difference at the middle becomes 30 div per 1 km, which is higher for the chotiri, lower for the Volga. The speed of the flow at the same time again often becomes 10 km / year, during the low season the indicator is twice less.

The average width of the channel at the upper flow (crime period of the river) becomes 60 - 100 m, at the lower one the indicator is twice as large. Take care of steep urvisches and yars. The bottom at the upper flow is stony, below it is with included gravel and pebbles, at the bottom there is more important food.

There are up to 700 rolls on the railroad from Orenburg down. The depth of the reach at the middle reaches 3 - 4 m, with holes - up to 8 m. Closer to the girl, 200 km from the outside, the famous Kruglovskaya Prorva is known. The channel there sounds strongly, the depths increase, serious viri are created, like in a few fluctuations they can become unsafe for ship navigation.

River basin

The river Ural takes water from the area of ​​231 yew. km². Basin її rastashovaniya asymmetrically. From the right side of the vіn vdvіchі is smaller, although the inflow of yakraz is greater in the tsіy part. This is the nature of the river, which flows to the Urals from different sides. The right is more important than the mountain tributaries, and the left is more important than the river. The deyakі їх impermanent, and the water to the main channel is less often conveyed, and the inlet often dries up.

The largest right-handed tributary is Chagan. You can see other rivers: Sakmara, Artazim, Taganlik, Veliky Kizil. On the left side of the main tributary - tse Ilek. Crimea to revive the Ural rivers: Or, Utva, Skrinya, Gumbeika, Veliky Kumak.

River Ural: map

Dzherelo, roztashovans at the winds of the Uraltau ridge are brought in by a turn. Raztashovaniya vіn vishche for the river of the sea on 637 m of the bottom of the Nazhimtau mountain. The bottom of the flow is straightened on the first day to the height of the Kazakh steppe. Tsya pereshkoda zmushuy river turn to the pivnichny zahіd.

He has a direct flow of water to his wife to Orenburg, and then I will turn it again for a direct return to Uralsk. Dali down the stream, the channel paved their way to pivden. The river troch chimes, the troch rises from the night to the sunset, and then flows to the vent in the straight line and flows into the Caspian Sea.

The Urals take the cob from Russia. Flow through the territory of Bashkortostan, crossing the Chelyabinsk and Orenburz regions. The upper rivers have a mountain character up to Verkhneuralsk, then up to the Magnitogorsk itself, it changes more calm, equal. Up to Orsk, the riverbed was narrowed by skeletal shores;

At the middle flow, the Urals attach a cordon from Kazakhstan. Dali vins collapse for a day. After the metro station Uralsk, stretching along the Caspian lowlands, the channel expands, numerous channels, lakes and oxbows are established. At the Caspian Sea, the river flows into two branches.

Russia: river Ural

A coil is vvazhayutsya dzherelo, which was from the earth, at a height of 637 m above the sea level. Dekіlka rokіv to that ear of the river Ural Bulo was marked with a memorable sign. This place is located near Bashkortostan near the village of Voznesenka, Uchalinsky district. Below, for five small dzherelami, they run in the same channel, which can influence the character of the mountain river in every interlude. Dali Ural descends into the valley and flows into the great Yaїtske swamp.

For the supply of the Magnitogorsk metallurgical plant, two reservoirs were lined near the upper stream of the river. In Orsk, there is also virobnitstvo, like taking water from the Urals. Tse Khalіlіvskiy metallurgical plant.

River near Kazakhstan

The branch of the river Ural is roztashovane in Kazakhstan below the Atirau cape. It is located 27 m below the sea level. In this rank, the height difference in the cob becomes 664 meters. Girlo vlashtovane on kshtalt delti. Vaughn has a finger-like shape. This is why there are large rivers that flow into the inland sea and may have a small flow at the bottom. The Urals flow into the Caspian Sea with two sleeves: Yaїtsky and Zolotinsky. An ear of the delta was taken into account at the entrance of the Narinka canal, which is 100 km from the mouth.

Ship navigation is possible up to Uralsk. Below the stream, a reservoir is sprouted and the Kushum Canal takes the cob. Atyrau is the port of the government. Rozvinene fishing. Leash, korop, sedentary and sturgeon - this fish is respected by trade in the region. Developing a strong statehood with emphasis on growing ding and kavuniv. The water of the Urals is vikorated for cultivation, glazing dozens of canals. The river is of great importance to the state, there is a cіkava for tourism and a relief in nature.

I Atirauska region)

coil uraltau ridge Girlo Caspian Sea Dovzhina 2428 km Swimming pool area 231,000 km²

Ural- The river near the skhidnіy Evropі. Pass through the territory of Russia, Kazakhstan. Ancient name Yaik(Look of heads. Yayik, yaymak- expand) (Vid kaz. Zhayik). In this hour of old, the river was named official in Kazakhstan, and it also takes root in Bashkiria. The river bula was renamed to by the decree of Catherine the Other, after the strangulation of the Selyanskaya war under the wire of Pugachov, in which the Yats'ky Cossacks actively took their part.

Take the cob near the mountains of Pivdenny Ural (Uraltau ridge) near Bashkiria. Falls into the Caspian Sea. Tributaries: Sakmara, Chagan (right); Or, Ilek (Liv). On the river, Iriklinskaya hydroelectric power station was called.

The river Ural, perhaps, is also shown on the map of Ptolemy II century AD, under the name Daiks. On old maps of the Urals it is called Rhymnus fluvius. The top of yoga lies at the peak of Karatish winds, and comes out of the top of the mountain called Kalgan-Tau (that is the extreme, the rest, the rest of the Ural Range). On the cob, the Urals flow from pivnochі to pіvden, zastrіvshi and pіdnesené plodnezhіr'ya Kazakh steppe, turn sharply on pіvnіchniy zahіd, after Orenburg change straight to pіvdenniy zahіd, bіla Uralsk river rob new steep vigin on pіvnіchny head, then straight to the head zahіd, then on skhіd, flowing into the Caspian Sea. The arm of the Urals is divided into spears of sleeves and progressively shallow. In 1769 p. Pallas has 19 sleeves, part of which was seen by the Urals at 66,000 meters above the confluence of yoga into the sea; at 1821 p. Bulo total 9, in 1846 p. only three: Yaїtske, Zolotinske and Peretaskne. Until the end of the 50s and the beginning of the 60s of the 19th century, up to the very place of Gur'ev, there were no sleeves with a constant crossing in the Urals. The first sleeve, which crosses the head channel of the livoruch, the buv Peretask, which is divided into channels - Peretaskniy and Aleksashkin. Even lower, the channel of the Urals extended into 2 branches - Zolotinsky and Yaїtsky, moreover, like the first, so the other divided into 2 arms: Velika that Malya Yaїtske, Velyka that Stare Zolotinske. From the Zolotinsky branch, one more branch of Bukharka entered the exit, which flows into the sea between Peretaskom and Zolotym. The Ural pool is borrowed for the size of the space and the cost of 219,910 sq. km. The stretch of the river itself is 2379 km. Obry water is located at an absolute height of 635 m.

The fall of the Urals is no longer great; from the top to the river. Orska may be close to 3 ft. a verst, overlooking the river. Orsk to Uralsk more than 1 ft., lower - even less. The width of the channel is not significant, but it is different. The bottom of the Urals, at the tops is stony, a large flow of clay and food, and at the borders of the Ural region there are stone ridges. Under the Urals metro station, the bottom of the river is covered with fine pebbles, where sprats of great roses grow at the “Bilikh Girok”; especially pebbles made of ash clay, moreover, trapleyatsya in certain places of the lower stream of the Urals (in the "Pogoriliy tsibuli"). Perebіg Ural to finish winding and make a great number of loops. The Urals, with a small fall in the water, on the whole stretch often changes the smut channel, breaks through new paths, flooding deep water along all directions, or “old”. The winds of the small streams of the Urals rich in Cossack villages, which were earlier under the rivers, appeared in the old towns, the inhabitants of the other villages of zmusheni were resettled in the new towns only to those who gradually brought them to the old settlements. Zagalom, the valley of the Urals is torn from both sides by old, narrow channels, wide channels, lakes, small lakes; at the hour of the spring algae, which resembles the tanning of the snows on the Ural mountains, all the stench is reminiscent of water, as it lingers in others until the onset of fate. In the spring, rivers and rivers carry a lot of water to the Urals, the river turns over, comes out of the banks, near quiet places, take care of the canopies, the river spills over 3 - 7 meters. The Urals are not very navigable.

tributaries

The greater tributary flows into the new one on the right side, turned to the side of Spilny Sirte; their views: Artazim, Tanalik, Guberlya, Sakmara, Zazhivnaya, which perish at the flood, not reaching the Urals, in the bows between the settlements of Studenovsky and Kindelinsky, Kindel and Irtek at the borders of the Orenburz region; near the Zahidno-Kazakhstan region, below the Іrtek, a sprinkling of milky-water rivers pour in, including the Rubizhka, with the arm of the first villages of the Yaєtsky Cossacks, the most water tide on the right є r. Chagan, sho from Zagalny Sirte.

fishing

Ural - the only river in the world, recognized in the middle and lower parts of the stream, excluding for fishing; lower than the Uralsk cape, under the influence of a “foreigner”, in the Urals, ship sailing, the Crimea of ​​the spring hour, is being harrowed. Navit yourself crossing the Urals, surrounded by a lot of places: two bridges spanning Uralsk and other crossings in Gur'eva, Kulagina and more in dekilkoh places - and all this, to escape the possibility of finding fish. Most of what has been said defiantly and until this day, the Urals are so self-sufficient at their spring bottlings, periodically, in the eyes of people, naming new islands, flooding the old channel and crossing into a new one. The river Ural is being abandoned, due to its lack of regulation near the lower current, the main spawning river for sturgeons of the Caspian Sea. At the lower flow, there are forks and forks and breeding. Also, the crossroads of the expanse, where the waters of the Urals and the sea and the salt are small, are the main fodder base of the numerical privates.

Elk, roe deer, faceless boars, wows, foxes, hares are found near the floodplain of the Urals. To the village of Kotelnikove in the Zahidno-Kazakhstan region, there is a flood of growth to go down a river and start flowing in an absolutely bare clay wilderness and so to the Caspian Sea

Cordon between Asia and Europe

Float the pardon of the Ural river with a natural cordon of water between Asia and Europe, only at the upper її current near Russia. In Kazakhstan, geographically, the cordon between Europe and Asia passes on the first day from Orsk along the ridge Mugodzhari and river Emba to the confluence with the Caspian. In this rank, the river Ural is a hundreds of inland European river, it is less for the Russian upper її levi coast to lie on Asia. And the Zahidno-Kazakhstan and Atirauska regions of Kazakhstan as a whole and half of the Aktobe region enter Europe. This factor, becoming the most important one, took the football federation of Kazakhstan to UEFA in 2002.

Posilannya

Wonder what is "Yaik (river)" in other dictionaries:

    Etymological dictionary of Russian language by Max Fasmer Encyclopedic dictionary

    The river of the Caspian Basin, which is to establish a cordon between Europe and Asia at its lower stream, seeps from the Ural Range. and in the south of the river the remaining view of the natural prodovzhennia of the Mugodzhar mountains. U. zі with its tributaries expands the Orenburzka Bay. Encyclopedic dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

As if marveling at the map of Russia, then in the її center there is one of the largest water arteries by volume, which flows from the pivnіchny to the bek pivdenny straight edge from the mountainous system of the Ural ridge to the Caspian Sea.

Viplivaє river Ural near Bashkortostan near the village. Voznesenka in the lower reaches between the Alabí ridge and the Nazhim Tau mountain. By the very turn of the Radian hours, a flood monument was erected from a small forged bridge, which symbolic signs indicate the intellectual cordon of Europe and Asia.

Flowing from the river to the river, the riverbed in the area of ​​the flat steppe plateau, in the order from the Novotroitsky and Orsky districts, turn to the west bank, and nearby metro station Uralsk turns another river and carries its own water in the river directly to the Caspian Sea.

The river Ural on the map of Russia runs through its water artery: Bashkiria, Chelyabinsk and Orenburz regions, as well as the dry land of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Name

Until the mid 80s. 18 art. small river I will name Yaik. The local population in rozmovnіy promo until our time continues victorious names that in the translation of the Turkic inscription it means - "flooding".

The reason for the change of її іmenuvannya was the revolt of unsatisfied Yaєtsky Cossacks under the wire Є. Pugachov, which led to the Russian peasant revolt of 1773-75. In order to strangle the insurgent troubles in the pivdenno-shidny region of the state, regular military actions were directed, as if they spread distemper.

After the stratum of the ghosts, the Ruler of the Russian Empire, Catherine II, ordered to change the name of the river Yaik to the Urals. The solution of such a choice was based on the city, where the river flowed - the Urals mountain system.

Posіbnі dії vlady at that hour were often practiced. By the method of changing the name of the locality, the landscape of that region was suddenly transferred to the attention of the broad masses of the people about dissatisfaction and praise. From that hour, the Yaєtsky Cossacks began to be called Ural.

River Dovzhina Ural

The Urals is the center of its channel and can reach 2428.17 km. For the size of the water arteries that flow into the Caspian Sea, the Urals are located in another place after the water in the Russian Federation of the Volga.

The largest territory of the length of the river on the river is 1164.37 km. є Orenburzka region, it flows through 10 districts. In Europe, the Urals compete for size, the Volga Crimea (3530 km), or the Danube (2783.4 km). The river flows through the territory of Kazakhstan at a distance of 1082.4 km.

Mode

The main hydrological characteristic of the regime of the Urals is the dynamic unevenness of the tide of water.

The river is replenished with water reserves by 94% due to the formation of snow masses in the mountains and down low, 6% of hydroresources, which replenish, fall on the underground water horizons and groundwater. The river is covered with ice due to the arrival of low temperatures in the middle of the leaf fall, ice-dough starts from active snowfall in the mountains and low birch trees.

At the rocks with a small amount of fall, the pool can reach a dozen times in terms of time to the time intervals from the clear snowfall. To confirm this situation, the fact that water is poured during the spring season is wide, reaching 3-8 km. As a result of such a factor, the river often changes its river.

In the period of active tanning in the snow, the river is less than 30-40 decibels (daylight - grass) with 95% of the river flow.

In the Republic of Moldova, the river is always calm, after which, in the mountain regions, the water falls on the signs of 0.8-1.1 m at the distance of 1 km. On equal territories, this indicator changes to 0.25-0.35 m-code per 1 km.

channel

The river Ural on the map of Russia in its channel from the cob to the delta is divided into 3 parts in the advancing currents:


Due to the fact that the Urals take its cob near the high-mountain region, the fall of the river at its height to the station above the sea level in the turn to the delta becomes 785 m from the average slope along the entire channel of 0.342%.

On the molding of the channel basin, the presence of impersonal dry water flows is indicated, which flow like a river, and into its tributaries. At tsomu rozrіzі pool sіtka river channel to become 8467 km per km 2.

The bottom of the river at the most important plan is covered with pebbles, at the top there are tumbleweeds at seemingly small thresholds, at the level and valley parts, there is an increase in the flow of water.

Characteristics of the water pool

On the map of Russia, the topographic ear of the river Ural is taken from the top, as it is located in the Republic of Bashkiria, not far from the village. Voznesenka in the lower reaches between the Alabiya ridge and the Nazhim Tau peak.

In all its currents, the basin of the water object with a total area of ​​232164 km2 in relation to the center of the channel may be asymmetric to the uneven area with a displacement of 2/3 to the left on the plain territory of the lower banks. The basin of the Urals is formed by a large tributary, most of which are entered by small rivers with a length of 150 m to 10 yew. m.

Up to the great tributary, rivers reach over 20 yew. I'll call you:


At 208 km from the delta, the width of the channel becomes smaller and at the bottom it creates a natural depression, which took away the name of the Kruglovskaya abyss. The mouth of the river, 15 km from the Caspian Sea, spills into sprat sleeves and tufts of finger-like shape. The reason for this is the presence of a number of islands on the way to the water flow, the largest of these islands Shaliga zavdovka 2568 m-code and width 347 m-code.

Vikoristannya river of people

Navigation of the river transport does not work along the entire length of the river, but starts in the channel of the metro station Uralsk from the exit near the Caspian Sea. The city of Atirau on its territory hosts a river port with the infrastructure of quay berths, repair docks and waterways.

River transport is widely favored in the areas of:


The improvement of water resources in the regions is vicarious in various areas.

On the territory of the Russian Federation, near the river Ural, the development of business in the areas of:

  • handicraft and metallurgical work;
  • naphtha and gas vidobottle;
  • syrovine processing of chemical industry;
  • energy complex.

The water resources of the river are actively victorious for the life and safety of the population of the great places, for which, along the channel of the Urals, reservoirs have been created, on dams such communications of water canals and purification systems have been established. The agro-industrial complex is responsible for 18% of the reduction of hydro resources in the Urals in the field of product processing, which is growing.

Population points

The shores of the Urals are densely populated, as near the rivers of central Europe. Prote, 136 towns and villages were planted behind the її channel. River Ural on the map of Russia May 86 settlements.

The largest of them on the territory of the Federation are:


In addition, along the channel of the Urals on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the following places were planted:


Cordon between Asia and Europe

Historically, in the 17th-18th centuries, it was important that the Ural River divide the densely populated European part of the Russian Empire (from the word's native population) in the sparsely populated Asian location (Mistseve population is more important than the Turkic campaign).

Geographically, in that era, the Trans-Ural steppe territories were part of the warehouse of the state, but little controlled. Mіstsevі kochovі turkіkі tribes аnd narodnostі bіlі bіpіrnіmi і volitional.

At the appointments of the hour period in the Urals, the crafts of the steel-making manufactory began to appear everywhere;

The new economically developed region needed a term of protection and defense against the influx of Asian peoples. Yaєts'kі Cossacks acted as such a force (for that hour, call the river Ural - Yaїk), who left the Don and Zaporizhian Cossack migrants.

The transport system of overland routes to the Urals was not rich, but the navigation of the Yakom was greatly disrupted.

The River Way became the main one in the country's mobility for the transfer of Cossack roses. One hour actively going through the process of budіvnitstva defensive fortification spores. Therefore, it is accepted that the water artery of the Urals divides Eurasia into continental Europe and Asia.

Given the given history, 18 symbolic obelisks and monuments were erected along the entire length of the water body, which indicate a fact. In our time, it has been brought by scientific facts that Orenburg is from the region and Zahidna part of Kazakhstan, where the river flows, to be on the European continent.

Geographical milestone between Europe and Asia to pass through the water artery only on a small distance in the Chelyabinsk region from Verkhnouralsk to Magnitogorsk.

Environmental situation

After the collapse of the Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991, the river Ural gained the status of an international transcordon water artery. The vcheni that naukovtsi single-handedly established themselves in the Duma, that the cause of all ecological diseases associated with a water object is the anthropogenic factor, as a legacy of human activity. In the regions adjacent to the water artery, there are 12.75 million people.

The main types of government activity, which can directly inject into the camp of the environmental situation, are:

  • agricultural industry;
  • naphtho-refining;
  • metallurgical;
  • type of color metal bottle;
  • water intake for the life of the population of great cities;
  • energetic;
  • woodworking;
  • mashinobudіvna;
  • chemical industry.

Severe shortage of water resources in the river Urals due to:


A broader increase in the number of accidents leads to the hydrological regime of the effluents of a water object to indicate the irreversibility of the tide. In 1965 Indicative of the deficit of hydroresources, becoming 0.032 km3, in 2017 - 4.873 km3, the natural ecosystem of the river Ural with skin rock is scarce.

The worsening of the ecological situation near the basin of the river Ural is not deprived of respect for the sovereign and international equal. Nutrition and problems of restoring the natural balance in the region within the framework of special programs are dealt with by the commission, created at the Orenburg Regional Duma.

The water object has its own self-story, which is connected with facts.

  1. River Ural at 70-80 rr. last century, in its entirety of 2428.17 km, there is a small part in 33.45% of the light industrial species of sturgeon species of ribi, in the variety of red and black caviar, the indicator exceeded 45%.
  2. The tenth older generation is led by the commander of the Great War of 1918-1922. the beginning of the Radian era V.I. Chapaev, who died on the rivers in the bilogvardiysky kul. The name of the heroic divisional commander is commemorated by the name of a place of the same name, as it was planted on the banks of the riverbed in the Ural region of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
  3. Vіdoma rіchka іstorichnymi podіyami Selyanskoї іyny 1773 - 1775 r. So not only the river, but also the nameless settlements took away new names, in some Yaik buv replacements irrevocably.
  4. There is a legend that on the banks of the Ural river near the 18th century, Demidov's craft, smelting expensive metals, taєmno in the presence of Empress Katerina II karbuvav tsarist gold and silver coins. No one was able to open the counterfeiter officially, but after the arrival of the representatives of the Special Expedition (at the same time, the special service of the Russian Empire) rich Demidov’s diggers were closed by a mysterious rank. These developments were only 150 years old for the young Russian power in the era of the first five years of the Soviet Socialist Republic.
  5. Vіdoma river and tim, shcho for її upper reaches on the distance of the channel of the water artery in the Chelyabinsk region from Verkhnouralsk to Magnitogorsk stretches the geographical border between Europe and Asia. Irrespective of science education, the river is vvazhayut by a historical cordon, which divides the mainland of Eurasia into two parts: European and Asian. To this fact, 18 symbolic obelisks, monuments and monuments, such as:

The Ural River, which is moving to Europe and Asia, can be of great importance in the socio-economic development of the region and make a daily contribution to its life, occupying a large geographical space on the map of Russia.

Article formatting: Mila Fridan

Video about river Ural

Tsikavy film about the river Ural:

The third for the length of the river of Europe, it follows the Volz and the Danube for this indicator.

It flows through the territory of Russia (Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk and Orenburz regions) and Kazakhstan (Zakhidno-Kazakhstan and Atirauska regions).

Take the cob near the mountains of Pivdenny Ural on the slopes of the top of the Krugla Sopka (Uraltau ridge) in the Uchalinsky district of Bashkortostan. Dovzhina 2428 km, most of the way of the river flow in the territory of Orenburg (1164 km), near Kazakhstani 1082 km. Obry water is located at an absolute height of 635 m.

Old name (until 1775) - Yaik. Hydronim look like an old-Iranian name; under the name *Daiks the river is shown on the map of Ptolemy II century AD. e. In this hour of old, the river was named, which was used for transcription, official in Kazakhstan and in Bashkir language.

A. S. Pushkin, writing in the "History of Pugachov": Yaїk, following the decree of Catherine II of renaming to the Urals, go out of the mountain, so they gave him a lower name.

On old European maps, the Urals are called Rhymnus fluvius.

The first riddle in Russian chronicles in 1140: Mstislav drove Polovits for the Don for the Volga for Yaik.

The Russian my name Yaїk was changed to the Urals in 1775 by the decree of Catherine the Other, after strangling the Selyanskaya war under the wire of Pugachov, in which the fate of the Bashkirs and Yaєtska Cossacks actively took the lot.

At the upper stream to the Verkhnyo-Uralska, a mountain river can be seen; from Verkhnyo-Uralsk to Magnitogorsk may have the character of a plain river. From Magnitogorsk to Orsk, the flow in the skeletal banks, clearing with rifts. Lower indentation is right-handed. Sakmari becomes a typically flat river with a wide winding channel, a calm current and rare rifts. After the Ural valley expands, and the river fills up a rich channel and old ones.

At the tops of the Urals, the water is shallow, the depth rarely exceeds 1-1.5 m; in the middle and especially the lower flow - deep water.

At the top, the water growth is rotten, at the bottom it is good. The grounds at the tops are pebble-sands, under the stones and mules, at the bottom - mulsto-spits, less clay.

The Urals freezes at the upper flow on the cob of leaf fall, in the middle and lower - like leaf fall, it opens from the end of the birch to the middle of the day.

The tributaries are small, the largest are Sakmara and Ilek.

Ural rich in feed resources, especially in the lower stream.

The area of ​​the basin is 237,000 km² and is borrowed for the size of the middle river of Russia.

On the Ural River, there are sporadic sprats of water reservoirs. The largest and most beautiful among them is Iriklinsk.

The arm of the Urals is divided into spears of sleeves and progressively shallow.

In 1769 p. Pallas had nineteen sleeves, part of which was seen by the Urals 660 meters above the river's inflow into the sea; at 1821 p. it was less than nine, in 1846 p. - less than three: Yaїtska, Zolotinske and Peretaskne. Until the end of the 50s and at the beginning of the 60s of the 19th century, up to the very place of Gur'ev, there were no signs of a constant crossing of the Urals.

The first branch, which crosses the head channel of the Livoruch, the Peretask buv, which divides into the channels of the Peretaknaya and Oleksashkin. Even lower, the channel of the Urals was divided into 2 branches - Zolotinsky and Yaїtsky, moreover, as the first, so the other was divided into two branches: Velika that Male Yaїtske, Velyka that Stare Zolotinske. From the Zolotinsky sleeve, one more sleeve, Bukharka, flows into the sea between Peretaskom and Zolotim.

The fall of the Urals is no longer great; from the top to Orsk it can be close to 0.9 meters per 1 kilometer, from Orsk to Uralsk no more than 30 centimeters per 1 kilometer, lower - even less. The width of the channel is not significant, but it is different. The bottom of the Urals, at the tops is stony, a large flow of clay and food, and at the borders of the Ural region there are stone ridges. Under the Urals, the bottom of the river is covered with dribbling pebbles, like sprats of great roses grow near the “Bilikh Girok”; especially pebbles made of ash clay, moreover, trapleyatsya in certain places of the lower stream of the Urals (in the "Pogoriliy tsibuli").

Perebіg Ural to finish winding and make a great number of loops. The Urals, with a small fall in the water, on the whole stretch often changes the smut channel, breaks through new paths, flooding in all directions with deep waters, or "old women".

The winds of the small streams of the Urals are rich in Cossack villages, which were earlier under the rivers, appeared in the old towns, the inhabitants of the other settlements of the zmusheni were resettled in new months only to those who the old inhabitants of them gradually felt and carried with them.

Zagalom, the valley of the Urals is torn from both sides by old, narrow channels, wide channels, lakes, small lakes; at the hour of the spring algae, which resembles the tanning of the snows on the Ural mountains, all the stench is reminiscent of water, as it lingers in others until the onset of fate. In the spring, rivers and rivers carry a lot of water to the Urals, the river turns over, comes out of the coast, near quiet places, take care of the canopies, the river spills over 3-7 meters. Also, in the river, water is carried out to the oil industry.

The largest left-bank tributaries of the Urals from the Orska to the Ilek branch - Kiyaliburt, Urtaburt, Burtya, Berdyanka, Donguz, Chorna - are typical steppe rivers with short, aloe turbulent spring floods. The two remains of them - Donguz ta Chorna - practically dry up in the middle of summer due to the existence of great reservoirs on them.

The river Ilek is the largest left-bank tributary of the Urals. Below the Ileka, the Ural receives three significant tributaries to the right: the Kindel, the Irtek and the Chagan. The rest of them flow into the Urals just beyond the borders of the Orenburz region. Bіlya mіsta Orsk to the Urals flows into the river Or.

In the "Ushchelina" the river may straightly cut through the Ural ridge, even lower the 40-kilometer long gorge of the Khabarninsky gorge begins. On this river, the Urals take the rivers Guberli from Chebakloy and Kinderli - right-handed, and left-handed - Ebiti, Aytuarki and Alimbeta.

Vitok river Ural

The greater tributary flows into the new one on the right side, turned to the side of Spilny Sirte; Among them you can see: Artazim, Tanalik, Guberlya, Sakmara, Zazhivna, which are used in the flood, not reaching the Urals, near the bows between the villages of Studenivsky and Kindelinsky, Kindel and Irtek near the borders of the Orenburz region; near the Zahidno-Kazakhstan region, below the Іrtek, a sprinkling of milky-water rivers pour in, including the Rubizhka, with the arm of the first villages of the Yaєtsky Cossacks, the most water tide on the right є r. Chagan, sho from Zagalny Sirte.

Livoruch flows into the rivers Or, Ilek, Utva, Barbasheva (Barbastau) and Solyanka, it’s more like hanging and drying up the inlet. Float the pardon of the Ural river with a natural cordon of water between Asia and Europe, only at the upper її current near Russia.

Pass the cordon at the metro station Verkhnouralsk and metro station Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk region. In Kazakhstan, geographically, the cordon between Europe and Asia passes on the first day of Orsk along the Mugodzhari ridge.

In this way, the river Ural is the inner European river, only the Russian upper rivers on the slopes of the Ural Range can be seen as far as Asia.

The previous results of the expedition carried out in April 2010 of the Russian Geographical Partnership in Kazakhstan showed that the cordon of Europe and Asia along the river Ural, like the river Embi, did not have enough scientific evidence.

On the right, in the fact that on the day of the Chrysostom the Ural Range, having consumed all, breaks up into a sprat of parts, then we burn and call step by step to descend, so that the head landmark appears during the cordon. The rivers Ural and Emba do not do anything, to that the mіstsevіst, like the stink of the stench, is identical. And the Zahidno-Kazakhstan and Atirauska regions of Kazakhstan as a whole and half of the Aktobe region enter Europe.

This factor, becoming the most important one, took the football federation of Kazakhstan to UEFA in 2002.

Monuments of nature

The most beautiful geological and landscape monuments of nature on the Ural River:

1. Iriklinskaya Gorge.

The creation of rowing in the Iriklinsky gorge, which is close to 250 meters wide in the sounding valleys of the Urals, is composed of volcanic rocks - tuffs and lavas of the Devonian age, was collected in 1932 by the Leningrad hydraulic engineers. Topographically - the most important place for rowing, and volcanic rocks may have low penetration, which played a vital role in the construction of a hydroelectric hub. As a result, the filling of the bed up to the sign of 245 meters was settled in a narrow water. The longest of them is Sudukskaya Zatoka - 43 kilometers.

2. Orsk gates.

On the way out of Orsk, having adopted the evil of Or and Kumak, the Urals are superficially guided by the laws of the mountains. The distant way to the west is blocking the stone wall of the Guberlinsky mountains. Ale Ural turns sharply on the pivdenniy skhid, omitting the mountain massif. Oginayuchi pershu ridge Guberlinskih gіr, the river to pass close to six kilometers. To the right above it is a hundred-meter skelya, a livoruch is a low bank overgrown with flooded forest. The Ural here is wide and deep, the current is calm, mayzhe unremarkable, the lake is similar to a high and deep lake.

Ale ends a deep reach. You can hear the sound of falling water. Vik-Sai roll ahead. Here the bed of the river is a heap of majestic boulders and ulamkiv skel. On the right, there are cliffs that are shaved right by the water. The skelya-bastion is large; The valley here must be crossed at a narrow vuzka gorge and a small river flowing between two stone walls. Nezabar the gorge changes into gently sloping hillocks, but it’s still far from the exit. In searches, I’ll break through to the west of the Urals, I’ll change my direction again and flow pivnich. Ale, a straight path to youmu is blocked by the high mountain Ak-Bik.

At a height of about 120 meters, the mountain has a horizontal ledge-terrace with a width of 100-120 meters. Tsei ledge is a long-standing channel of the Urals. Close to millions of rocks, the Ural Mountains began to rise step by step, and the river was muddled to blunt its course, crashing into the Guberlin Mountains. This is how the Orsk gates were set up - they let the Urals go. Near the Guberli branch, the landscape becomes especially majestic. Up to the river there are gostroverky hillocks and jagged rocks, dissected by deep, thin gorges. Between ridges and skeletons, streams of stony osipiv, folded skeletons and boulders with ridges, are connected down. Tsya mountain country is sawn by deep canyons of the river Guberlya, Tonatar, Ebita and yogo tributary. The bottoms of the canyons are densely overgrown with black willow, aspen, birch, and viburnum. Sometimes these schilivs evoke the dark green beards of the Cossacks. Ale to reach the top of the mountain, and in your opinion there will be a boundless quilting expanse of an ancient plateau. Such a natural phenomenon of the Guberlinsky region of the Ural basin: skelyasty mountains - below, plain steppe - in the mountains. It is not important for the Urals to know on the map this unique region of the Pivdenny Urals. Vіn znahoditsya on pivnochi Aktobe region, there, where a small village of the river Ural to serve as a cordon between Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation.

3. Mount Transverse.

Below the village of Khabarny, there is a narrow valley of the Ural river valley, as it is called the Khabarninsky gorge. The ringing starts from the girl of the stem of Plakunka, where Budinok is known to sound "Krut". One of the most beautiful stretches in the Urals is beginning to spring. Right-handed over it hangs a black-green ridge of a transverse mountain, the ridge stretches along the birch for 4 km. The Urals here are wide and deep, the current is calm, may be unfamiliar, the river is similar not to a river, but to a long mountain lake. If the valley ends for a long time, the rocks protrude into the right bank and the opposite side of the river is mountainous. At the turn, you can feel the noise of the swirling water - in front of the roll-threshold Noisy. The rafting of the river here is due to the border guards and to lay a chauvin or a plate right up to the bushes of the left bank.

4. Mount Mayachna.

Mіzh Gіryalskiy ridge (a lot of kraєznavtsіv and more mandrіvnіkіv vvazhayut yogo the first Ural mountain on the highway from Orenburg to Orsk) and a camel on the right bank of the Urals, there is another hump - Mount Mayachna. Vaughn is a rounded height, torn by a galvanized mesh of dens and gorges with smooth contours to the very top. The absolute view of the pagorba is 284.8 m, and the height of the wind over the Urals is 158 m.

5. Rozrіz Mikilsky.

2 km to the exit from the village of Nikolsk. Geological reminder of nature, area - 8.0 ha. A low urvishch above the Ural River and above the floodplain is about 800 m. Cei rose as a stratotype of the Orenburzian Stage of the Upper Carboniferous, seen by V.E. Ruzhentsev (1945). For its denudation, and its paleontological characteristics, it is one of the best roses of stone-coal deposits in the Pivdenny Urals, which bears witness to the numerical evidence of faunistic outliers. Most often, ammonity, conodontia and fusulinidae are seen in rosettes. A cluster of fauna is often found in loaf-like vape concretions. In roses, there are prosharkas of coarse pores, in some okremi ulamki they reach a width of 1 m. It is important that the olistostroms have settled down in the wake of the underwater sounds on the sea day. The Orenburzian stage completes the exploration of the stone-coal system and near-cordon deposits of the Permian system. On the basis of the selection of the fauna of the Mikilskoye rosette, the position of the inter-Carboniferous and Permian was grounded by a significant world. Vlitka 1991 rozrіz looked around the countrymen and foreign geologists of the international congress from the Permian system.

6. Tract Biliy kamin near the flood of the river Ural. On the left birch of the river Ural, on the pivnichny slope from the village of Yangelsky. Geological reminder of nature. On the steep slopes of the river Ural, the streamers “Biliy Kamin” are bared, which stretched for 150-200 meters. In the forest outcrops of organogenic vapnyaks, there are surpluses of vikopnye organisms, as well as natural sleeping habits, which include rare species of lichens, roslin and creatures.

7. Mount Viz. For 3 km from the river. Verkhnouralsk, right birch river Ural. A botanical reminder of nature, which includes man-made pine plantings, picturesque camps on the top of the mountain, as well as piece parks.

8. Kizlar-Tau (Girl's mountain). Shaving bunk. Ural near the village Chernivtsi.

River rafting Ural

In some places on the banks of the Urals, you can see the rocks.

Especially garna river Ural and Orsk. Here the river flows into the gorge of the Guberlinsky mountains, the valley of the village is about 45 kilometers. Here - a miracle fishing, a healthy climate, again, rich in steppe grasses. Podekudi in the Urals, you can build a zustri skele.

In view of the fact that the river often changes its winding course, a lot of old people have settled down near the Ural valley. Deyakі z oxbow lakes rich in fish. Repeatedly it was trampled so that the settlements, founded on the birch of the river, for a year stumbled in it in the distance - the river went dead. Take care of the strimchast, clay.

The largest tributary of the Urals - the Sakmara river - is also a cirque for tourist rafting.

The department of the Orenburz region contributes to the development of water tourism in the Ural region. Zokrema, a water route for kayaks with a long distance of 876 kilometers (from Iriklinsky to Orenburg - 523 km., from Orenburg to Ranny - 352 km.) Rafting tsim by the route of insurance for 28 days. Wіm, rafting is not obov'yazkovo, you can just come at the exit to the bank of the river Ural, depending on the important weekdays and the occasion.

REMINDERS OF THE RICHKA URAL

alabaster mountain

The mountain on the left bank of the Urals - Alabastrova, is located 75 km by land and 147 km by water beyond Uralsk. On the skhіd vіd kolishny car'єru vysoki skhіl іz marl osips. The middle part of the forest is overgrown with oaks that are hard for them, as well as birch, aspen, poplars with wild garlic, viburnum, willow goat in the pod.

At three kilometers below the Alabaster Mountain, the Urals omit the not so high Dolinsky Yar, folded with sandstones, flagstones, conglomerates. According to yoga, not numerous oaks but birches fight. 30 km more pass through the Urals and on the left bank of the Aula-Aksay river, the cradle comes again. Ale, the greatest heights of the Kreidyans and the marl-trees were reached even lower, on the Kitaishin ravine. Below the branch of the river Rubezhka is the village of Rubezhinskoye, where the ship-floating station of the Urals is built, on the left birch the chergovaya high rises. River podmivaє її dvichi. For the first time, right behind the strimky reach of the Blessed Yar, de Ural, hitting the vertical marl osip at the temple, rob the turn of the mayzhe by 180 °. Here the river enters the Saurkin rift, which is the most visible below Orenburg, and splits into two channels. After 5 km, on the path of the Urals, there is another high marl urvish - Polousov Yar. Obidva yari-skele - Saurkin and Polousov rise above the river more low by 50 m. A natural phenomenon of the Ural valley - the Chervonoshkilny relict forest - was laid near a kind of amphitheater between them. One of the scales of this majestic amphitheater is covered with a miraculous oak fox, under the cover of which a lіschina, or a fox apple tree, crouched. Oak forest herbs are made up of bracken fern, convalescence of herbal celandine.

Shore of treasures

Not at first glance, the tract on the birch of the Urals is meritorious for finding the shutter. Folk wisdom called it the Skarbiv Shore for good reason - it is one of the most important places on the entire right-bank slope of the Ural valley from Orenburg to Ilek. Even though the steep bank of the Urals is right up to the river Ilek, then lower for the Ilek it is more often shaved levi shore, which rises up to the Ural region. On the Ilek-Uralsk River, the river takes on six gravestones, which are at their core salt baths, and on the surface of the creid, marl, white clay, blizzard sandstones and flagstones. Qi. the heights make up a single lance of small gyres, swaying swirls of swag, the division of the Zagalny Sirte and the Caspian lowlands. Break through this lantsyug and destroy the Urals on the day of the Urals, they are less likely to see the Urals on the day, leaving the somy behind the rakhunka in the Іleka dome - Kredyany girki right-handed.

The first on the way to the Urals is the Utvinsky krayyany island. Roztashovaniya vіn trokha higher than the mouth of the river Utvi, 6-10 km to the pivnіchny skhіd in the village of Burlin, Ural region. At the hour of the spring bottling, Utvinsky Island from the dry sides is drained by water, from the spring - by the Urals, from the sunset and the spring by the sunset - Utva, from the spring that immediately - by Lake Bumakol and by the creid channels, which come from the Urals. Just until the middle of the chervnya, the land road of this invisible island sounds good.

Bіlya podnіzhzhya ancient yarіv

The shaved coasts in the Urals are called ravines, and the high-rises of them are called outings of the root mountain pores in the midst of the local inhabitants under the names of such and such a mountain, such and such a forehead, coast. Tse zazvychay primitnі in the landscape geological vіdnoshenі vіdnoshenі vіdshіnі strіmki shili the valley of the rіchka, scho mаyutnіnіkalіnіkі monuments of nature. One of them was raffled on the right bank of the Urals between the villages of Persha and Druga.

The steep and high shore of the Urals is here folded with a dekilkom with circus-like zucs, as if they were set up in the naslidok zsuvіv at the bottom of the slope, they saw blocks of sandy-argillaceous vіdkladen, which is the diyalnіst of underground waters. Ale here tsіkavo th іnshe. On this part of the Urals, a plot of earth's crust was lowered, about 1 km wide. On both sides, there is a reduction in the fringing of different sides with versions of Perm red flowers and strings. In the mountainous regions, such phenomena are called grabens; as a result of them, on the same horizon, there are geriatric breeds of a different age and warehouse. This is a kind of graben nestled over the mountains, but in the plains - in the depression, on the board, which is stockpiled by permian and triassic rocks, formed over 200 million years ago, the stench. Here, syr and white clays, marge, sandstones of the Creydian, Paleogene periods were preserved. Їхній вік від 50 130 million years.

Geological Budova of the Ural coast is laid out on the tsіy dilyantsі zsuvnymi processes. In the wake of this shore, one by one, one by one, they change the strings of clay of various vіdtinkіv, marl, vapnі tuff, ocher osipu. It turns out that all the barves of yellow, gray-green, brown, red colors were chosen by nature in its own collection of siege rock breeds.

Lakes of the Ural flood

A lot of miraculous landscape features of the lakes of the Urals flood. For example, here the place of residence of the most recent and most important relic, which has been preserved to this day, has been preserved - chilima. Yogo sucrose overgrowth, which cover the water Smooth surface with rosettes of leaves, was saved on the lakes of the flood of the Urals below Orenburg: Bezpelyukhin, Orikhovo, Velikoi Orlovo. Old Ural, Lime, Gorishts, Dzhilimny, Outpost and rich others. Behind the thicket, a sprig of names creaked: chilim, rogulnik, and among the people vin sche vіdomy like a water or a devil's mountain, a horned mountain, a living yakir, a water chestnut. The surpluses of the fruits of the chilimu found at the deposit of the creid period were lost. Tse means that over 70 million people inhabit the freshwater reservoirs of the Earth. Ale nin's thickets of chilimu were saved in poor places.

It is noteworthy that, having established succulent overgrowth on one of the lakes, the vines no longer settle on the dry lakes, but sometimes for tens - hundreds of kilometers away. It was said to speak about the relict nature of the chilim, who was saved only in the singing ecological minds.

In the rest of the years, they took for the protection of the lakes in Mordovia, Bashkiria, on the Girskiy Altai, the Far Skhodі, and rich other regions of our country. Chilim is listed up to the Red Book.

The description of the fire is well known in P. S. Pallas, who had visited here in 1769. Vin wrote: “Beyond the Or river, the Girsky ridge begins, where you can see the best rocks of jasper stone. Balls in this mountain are the same, like in the jasper mountains, which lie near Yaїku, where they sink into the mud from the west side to the side. Tuteshnya opoka can be even richer in different colors. The best jasper, especially at the great rose, the color can be either kavoi, or white from red and yellow smugs. There are also shmatki, on some images of the grass of that tree. There are Kirghiz graves on the skin pommel. Nowhere is it possible to know the richest shmatki in the local jasper, like on these graves, and it seems that the sun has made the call of the color more richly richer, lower than the middle of the stone.

On the outskirts of Orsk already at that hour there was a sprat quarry. Akademik A. Y. Fersman, describing the minerals of the Radyansk Union in the book “Move for the stone”, put six pieces of stone, the Orsk jasper itself, on the title of the book, adding a few shriveled rows of teachings: “It is important to give a complete description of the jasper. and zabarvlennya, over two different kinds of jaspers are known to us in this region, and the best little ones of that zabarvlennya can be seen by themselves to the jasper of the genus of jaspers... Not every artist is able to convey such subdued tones of that farb, as nature itself threw here with a generous hand. Axis on the boisterous sea: yoga green whistles looked like a chervonim in the bright dawn, the axis was an oblyamіvі stіni, and here skelestas take care ... "and farther: "... Orsk jaspers are the national wealth of the country". Okrim gori Colonel vzdovzh Ural є a number of other places, the people of jasper. Many who are not yet widely known from them, they are saving the future glory of the Trans-Ural jasper belt.

For one version (Zavdyakov's books of Furmanov and especially the film "Chapaev") Vasil Ivanovich Chapaev died in the mountains of the Urals. Vtіm, deyakі historians have doubts and imply that Chapaev perished at the battle, and the funeral is here on the river birch.

V. Pelevin in the novel "Chapaev and Emptiness" metamorphoses the Urals (into a sinking historical Vasil Chapaev) into "The Washing River of the Absolute Kokhannya".

- "Ural-batir" (bash. Ural batir) - Bashkir epos (kubayr).

At the flood of the Urals there are a lot of lakes, oxbow lakes, a river. And for the forest, impassable, overgrown with sap, prickly thorns, the berries of which here and here are called Cossack grapes and the river will be simply unforgettable. Є th mushrooms: pіdsinoviki, pіdberezniki, mushrooms. Beautiful Ural, strіmky. Krutoyari interspersed with squeaks, tumbleweeds - wide and deep stretches from blockages of writhing, creeks, backwaters, which sometimes go far into the steppe.

Up to thirty species of fish are found in rivers: sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, zander, settler, bream, carp, catfish, pike, smut, carp, bіluga, bіloribitsya, carp, vobla, tiles, kutum, dace, ide, chervonopirka, asp, lin, podust, piskar, vusach, paste, blue bream, char, min, perch, George, whip. The inhabitants of the city do not care for the pike and for the fish. Dribnitsa, like catching, then in the fall, for drying, if the flies pop up, then in the early spring - then be loved, more first. Fishing for ribey has its own specifics here.

Fishing on the river Ural brought a lot of joy. In the past century and until recently, the river Ural was famous for its sturgeons. For some kind of tribute, for example, in the 1970s, a part of the river Ural in the light species of sturgeon was 33 tons, and for the selection of black caviar - 40 tons.

In 1981-1983 rr. wash that efficiency of spawning of sturgeon forests in the Uralsk area was carried out by the Orenburz laboratory for landscape reclamation and nature conservation. Caution showed that practically all unmouled pits of the bottom of the river with hard ground on top serve as a spawning ground for sturgeons. It has been established that the most effective spawning is on the great fields of the river-bed and beach Swordfish, gravel and cemented turtle, the speed of crossing in the vein reaches 2 m / s, in order to protect the muddy soil and the deposit of eggs. On the 315-kilometer distance of the river from Uralsk to Ilek, the expedition spawned spawning types. The widest of them were the riverbed beaches. The stench settles down, as it seems, along the swollen shores, where the strains of the comrades of the great-talk material accumulate.

The crossing of the beaches above the low water level of the river reaches 4 m, the width becomes 40-120 m. Found beaches on the territory of Іlek-Uralsk є Kambavsky pisky (below the village of Yanvartseva) and Trekinsky pisky (higher than the city of Uralsk). The most famous for the quality - Verkhnyokirsanivsky and Aksuatsky beaches with thin pebble covers, roztashovani vіdpovіdno on the 179th and 36th kilometers of the river Uralsk. But at the same time, sturgeons in the Urals became rare.


Belarus in the Urals

Beloribitsya is a representative of salmon ribs, even close to whitefish. Vaughn reaches 120 cm at the dovzhin and 20 kg of vaga. Behind her look, she guesses the asp. Beloribitsya is a hut, but in the Urals, it’s not possible to eat. For spawning, biloribitsya come no more than two times in life. Live out until 11 years. The nearest ancestor of Beloribitsa - nelma lives near the pool of Pivnichny Icy Ocean. The very star, for the admission of marriage, won, like the ice age, crossed the Kama and the Volga to the Caspian in the form of lancets of lakes, and, having changed a little, became a biloribite. Beloribitsya is the most famous industrial fish, ale nin її pitchfork is everywhere fenced.

With the efforts of the clerks and ribniks, they were able to keep up the numbers with a piece of path. Rowing of the Volgograd Hydroelectric Power Station on the Volz for the white ribbed gravel spawning grounds. The only natural spawning grounds for ribs are located in the Urals.

One of the small towns of the Urals and its tributary is a lamprey. Vaughn lie down to the most recent class of cyclomouth ribs. She has a snake-like body close to 0.5 m, with a vage up to 260 g. Mouth її - deep virva-sucker, on the days of її there is a tongue, like, like a piston, now hanging, then being drawn in. Mova to serve as a drill, which drills the skin of the rib. The lamprey has a third eye, thyme, rosemary near the nasal opening. There is no krishtalika for him; with yoga, with the help of a lamp, they take in less light. This organ of stench declined from their ancestors, widened in the Silurian and Devonian periods, so over 400 million years ago. In this rank, a lampoon can be vvazhat with its own "living kopalina."

Sevruga in the Urals

The most common sturgeon in the Urals is stellate sturgeon. In the Ural-Caspian fields, up to 70% of the light catches of stellate sturgeon are seen. The main spawning grounds for stellate sturgeon are planted in the lower reaches of the river. A small number of stellate sturgeon rise above Uralsk, reaching the Ilek and navit to Rozsipnaya. The stellate sturgeon is represented by an over-importantly fierce form. Spawning is best for other sturgeons at water temperatures of 12-14°C.

The only living species of sturgeon in Uralsk is the sterlet. Zustrichaetsya out on all the lower and middle flows of the river - it is very rare. Forgive me for the Ural sterlet: the length is about 60 cm, the weight is 2.5 kg.

Fishing trips in the Urals

It took an hour to rebuild the forces and develop a new portion of the article products for re-entering the river for spawning: females - 5-6 years, males - 3-4 years. That is why, regardless of the great trivality of life (up to 30 years and more), a leather picker can go into the river only a few times in life. The great swarms of nasty ribs go straight to the Urals. These advanced corrals reach Ilek, Orenburg and Orsk.

ichthyological warnings 1981 - 1983 it has been established that the largest sturgeon specimens rise to the middle of the river reach. Tse means that the middle flow of the Urals may be of primary importance for the conservation of large-sized sturgeon specimens.

The largest fish in the Caspian Basin is the beluga. In the 20th century of our century in the Urals, ribini wagons up to 12 q. For a long time, more specimens wiggled around. Zvichayna vaga bulug, which spawns above Uralsk, - 150-300 kg for females and 50-90 kg for males. Up to our days, bilugs with a weight of 600 kg and more are sown.

Sturgeon reached the largest number in the pools of the Caspian Sea, where 5 out of 23 species of sturgeon fish in the world - tse bluga, sturgeon, thorn and stellate sturgeon, yak mastered the forage resources of the sea, where they spend most of their life, sterlet, yak leave the rivers. Beluga, sturgeon, thorn and stellate sturgeon to the Caspian Sea - ribs of the past. The stench regularly makes migration from the Caspian Sea to the rivers for reproduction. In passing fish, winters and bright races are seen.

In winter, they go near the river inlet that autumn, and after wintering, they spawn.

Yarovi enter at the river vzimku and vesnі and spawn in the same fate. Passing ribs in rivers, as a rule, do not eat and eat even a little. The end of the hour of spawning migration of the river flow, the trival of rebuking at the river, and the spawning process itself lead to a strong release of spawners. It has been established that stellate sturgeon and sturgeon spend up to 30% of their spawning migration per hour, and up to 50% of their own sturgeon. I, as a rule, the more energy reserves of those other individuals, the greater the greater, the greater the river, the more you can and better get up.

RICHKA URAL IN ORENBURSKY REGION

The largest river in the Orenburz region is the Urals (long ago Yaik), the main part of its runoff is formed in Orenburg. Two other great rivers - Sakmara and Ilek - take the cob generally in Bashkiria and Kazakhstan, but flow into the Urals at the borders of the Orenburz region. Ural is the main water artery of the Orenburz region.

The river Ural crosses the Orenburz region from the start, flowing through 10 districts of the region with a stretch of 1164 km. The main feature of the river is the uneven flow. Near the spring, the Ural turns into a majestic watercourse, filling the entire flood with a width of 6-8 km. The two first great Orenburz tributaries of the Urals Tanalik and Suunduk flow into the Iriklinsk reservoir, filling the same inflows.

The river Tanalik with a length of 225 km takes the cob at the winds of the Urals, then we turn the Irendik. The mid-intermediate vitrata leads to Tanalika at 1.0 m 3 / s.

Near the district of Orsk, two more significant tributaries Veliky Kumak and Or. flow into the Urals. On the whole stretch from the Iriklin reservoir to the mouth of the Sakmari Ural, the right-handed river takes only one significant tributary - the Guberl. The largest left-bank tributaries of the Urals from the Orska to the Ilek branch - Kiyaliburt, Urtaburt, Burtya, Berdyanka, Donguz, Chorna - are typical steppe rivers with short, aloe turbulent spring floods. The two remains of them - Donguz ta Chorna - practically dry up in the middle of summer due to the existence of great reservoirs on them.

The river Ilek is the largest left-bank tributary of the Urals (623 km). Yogo coils are rebuying at the Mutodzhar mountains. Behind the water intake area (41 thousand km 2) I cross Sakmaru for just one third, but carry 2.5 times less water, lower the richest tide of the Urals (the norm of river flow is 1569 m 3). River Ilek maє wide, kindly divided valley with two terraces above the floodplain. Rosemir of the Leksk Valley does not compromise with the Urals for an hour. The water is flooded by numerous channels and oxbow lakes.

Below the Ileka, the Ural receives three significant tributaries to the right: the Kindel, the Irtek and the Chagan. The rest of them flow into the Urals just beyond the borders of the Orenburz region. Bіlya mіsta Orsk to the Urals flows into the river Or. In the "Ushchelina" the river may straightly cut through the Ural ridge, even lower the 40-kilometer long gorge of the Khabarninsky gorge begins. On this river, the Urals take the rivers Guberli from Chebakloy and Kinderli - right-handed, and left-handed - Ebiti, Aytuarki and Alimbeta.

On the map, the basin of the Urals is supposedly bent into a single tree with a sweating stovbur in the middle and even short needles. Only the right tide is the Sakmara river, which flows on the great stretch parallel to the Urals, and may flow evenly along the thick line of the tributary.

The river Ural is not navigable, the width is 50-170 m, the depth is 3-5 m, the speed of the flow is 0.3 m / s, the bottom is sloppy, there are no fords. Take care of the most important streams, the height of the urvish is 5-9 m.

In the old dzherelakhs, the names of the Ural rivers are common - Lykos, Daix, Daїkh, Dzhaikh, as well as Ruza, Yaik, Yagak, Yagat, Ulusu, Zapilna river. Name the river Yaїk and svvzvzvnі z him Daїks, Daїkh, Yagak ta іn. traplyayutsya already close to two thousand rocks.

It’s important to say at once what the word “Daix” meant for the hours of Ptolemy, if the Uralian basins were still roaming the Sarmatian tribes. The Russian form "Yaik" is first recorded in the Russian chronicle of 1229 p. Її vvazhayut pokhіdny vіd zagalnotürkskoї basis "Zhaїk" zі meaning "broad channel of the river" or "spread widely".

The Sakmara river is the largest tributary to the Urals. Dovzhina Sakmari at the borders of the Orenburz region is about 380 km. At the upper stream of the Sakmara there is a typical mountain river with stream-shaped banks and narrow terraces, in the middle and lower one - the valley is wide, asymmetric with good turns of two terraces and populated by flood.