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Creation of the SQL procedure to be saved. Types of procedures that are saved. Gnuchka access rights management

22 episodes

My knowledge of writing in the main WinForms Client/Server program is simple, to which I have come:

Vykoristovuvat procedures that are taken care of:

  • For being a foldable robotic worker. If you choose to work, you will effectively need a table cursor or temp, so call the best way to run it in SQL Server.
  • You may need to block access to data. If you don't grant access to the tables of coristuvachas (both roles and others), you can be convinced that the only way to interact with them is through the joint venture, which is created.

Victory for special requests:

  • For CRUD, if you don't need to bridge access to data (do it the other way).
  • For the simplest jokes. The creation of SP for impersonal criteria for a joke - that's all that folding in service. If you can create a swedish poke request, wink it.

For most of my additions, I victorious like SP, so ad-hoc sql, I want to know that I have less and less vicorist SP, shards of stink in the end bag with the code like C #, only more control, test and improve. I recommend bi-wiring ad-hoc sql because you don't know the specific reason.

Saving procedures - a contract on a security program, which encapsulates them, live against data bases. The code for procedures and the very schema of the database can be changed without compiling, developing the code, so that the inputs of the procedure are left unchanged.

When you ask your program, you will clearly tell yourself about your data model.

Well, it's also not a good practice to just create saving procedures, like CRUD requests for skin tables in your database, so it's more closely related. The nature of the procedure is due to bulky, coarse-grained.

I think that this is the main conflict between people, as it is their fault to improve the database of data and people, as it is to expand the interface of the correspondent.

As a person with data, I didn’t take a look at the work behind the data base, until they get through adhoc requests, so it’s important for them to effectively learn or care. How can I find out what I can contribute to changing the schemes? In addition, I don't think that coristovats should be given direct access to database tables with mirroring security (and I can't only attack SQL injections, but also the fact that the basic internal control, which does not allow direct rights and vimagaє vіd usіh koristuvachіv vikoristovyte only procs, recognized for the program, schob zapobіgti mozhlivogo shahraystvo.

Data bases are object-oriented, and code that looks good from an object-oriented point of view can be utterly ruined from the point of view of the base data.

Our retailers remind us, for the sake of it, that all our access to databases is created through procs, so that we will significantly speed up the correction of pardons, so as to lie in data, and then just run the proc in the working environment, and not create a new code and recompile and re-advantage in virobnitstvo. We believe that all our processes were in the hands of the driver, so the control of the dzherel is not a problem at all. Even though the wine is not in Subversion, the wine dbas is periodically seen, and there is no support for Source Control.

Saving procedures, insanely, coming... stink of compiling, tossing the plan before the cob of work, and you can cherish the rights to them.

I do not understand the problem with the exit code on the procedure that is being saved. You can easily control them, even if you have a little bit of discipline.

Always start from the .sql file, which is the core of the procedure to save. Post yogo in keruvannya with versions after you wrote the code. The next time, if you want to change your procedure, what is saved, you take away your own external control element, below your data base. If you follow this, you will have the same good management as your code.

I'd like to quote Tom Kyte from Oracle here... This is the rule about writing code... even if it's a bit of a mismatch, but I know better, I think.

Our addendum has a ball of code, which we can use to ask (and sometimes we need a procedure that is saved). Tse allows us:

  • easily otrimat all ask pіd hour keruvannya versions
  • robiti all changes for skin care for various database servers
  • includes the repetition of the same code through our code

Access control is implemented in the middle ball, and not in the database, so we do not need procedures that are saved. The whole world is the middle road between special requests and procedures that are taken care of.

It is necessary to change the arguments for both procedures, which are saved as being in the central repository, but (potentially) important to be transferred, and specialties are easier to find, stink shards with your code, but stinks can also be better known in the code.

Argument that the procedures that are saved are more effective, do not take revenge anymore. text sent

Google's advice for the procedure that is taken vs Dynamic Query will show you some arguments in any case and, it's better for you to accept your own decision.

Deyakі rechі, about yaki it is necessary to think: Who needs procedures, what are they saving, Anyways?

It is clear that the food of your power needs is important, but it is even more important to think about those that, with the most special drinks in the middle, oriented to the bulk, are safe. Beware of your parametrization and follow typical inconsistencies such as SQL injections.

Saving procedures is a miracle, because they can be changed without recompilation. I will try to win them as much as possible.

I'm a vicarious ad-hoc for drinks, which are dynamically generated based on the introduction of a coristuvach.

Procs for other reasons, and it is also easier to improve proc for additional profiles or parts of proc. In this rank, you do not need to tell anyone about the launch of your programs, to find out what is being sent to the SQL server

If you want to ask ad-hoc, change your mind that they are parametrized

SQL or SPROC parameterization... doesn't matter much in terms of performance... you can request optimization of one of them.

For me, the rest of SPROC's advantage is that I can turn off a lot of rights to manage SQL rights, just grant my rights to log in to the sprocs... so you can win Parametized SQL, login, bind to your connection row, maybe more (record of any type of operator to select on one of the tables, to which they have access, for example).

As before, I've been favoring parameterized SQL, wanting to...

Argument of productivity sproc є spirnim - 3 upper RDBMs win back the plan for drinking and daily hours. Yogo was documented... What is 1995 yet?

However, the implementation of SQL in your program is also a lousy design - code maintenance, perhaps not a good enough concept for the rich.

Likewise, the program can start from scratch for additional ORM (additions from the green field far away from the kіlkoh!), tse vіdminny vibrіr, oskіlki model of your class keruє your DB model that just an hour.

Since the ORM structure is not available, we have hacked a hybrid pidhide to create an XML file of SQL resources for asking a row of SQL for the necessary (the stench is then cached by the resource infrastructure). Just as SQL will require some minor manipulations that are different from the code, it will also require a large manipulation of a row of SQL, which we rethink.

This hybrid pidkhid makes it easier to manage retailers (maybe, if I’m smaller, my team’s shards can be cleared up, so that I can read the plan for the request), and the larynx is just a re-verification of SVN. In addition, I'll ask you to switch RDBM - just replace the SQL resource file (not so simple as an ORM tool, obviously, but it works with old systems or a data base, which is not supported)

My opinion is that 90% of the requests and / or procedures that are saved are not responsible for making an appointment (accepted, manually).

Access to data can be generated automatically. You can choose whether you want to generate procedures statically at compilation time or dynamically at build time, or if you want to add a column to the table (object authority), you only have to change one file.

I will save all data access the code of the program, in which case access to data can be obtained directly from SQL-requests. From the other side, logic management, as I have placed in the database at the sight of triggers, saving procedures, core functions and more. An example of the fact that I respect the date of the data base, and the generation of data - it is acceptable that our client can have FirstName and LastName. Now for the koristuvach interface, DisplayName is needed, as it appears from some non-trivial logic. For this generation, I create a procedure that is saved, then it will be launched by a trigger whenever the row is updated (otherwise, other data).

It seems that there is something more incomprehensible, that access to data is the same as the data base, and everything that is worth accessing data that data is itself there. It's just wrong, but I'm running a lot of projects, like screaming out of ideas. Possibly a whole local phenomonon.

At the front of this cycle, the world looked at how it is possible to draw data from the table, modify its structure, create, modify and see the data bases and objects that are hidden in them. In this article, we will talk more about the objects that are typical for server DBMS: notifications, triggers and procedures that are saved.

In the first article of this cycle, published in No. 3'2000 of our journal, we indicated that most of the current server DBMS support notifications, triggers and procedures that are saved. Appearances are also supported by bugatma DBMS, for example Access, dBase, Clipper.

Specify that triggers and procedures that are saved should be written in programming language, which are procedural extensions of SQL language. Expanded statements allow you to describe algorithms, for example, do…while, if…then…else, used in SQL language itself . На відміну від мови SQL, що підпорядковується стандарту, його процедурні розширення ніяк не стандартизовані, і різні СУБД використовують різні синтаксичні конструкції для реалізації тих самих алгоритмічних конструкцій, але обговорення відмінностей у синтаксисі розширень SQL для різних СУБД виходить за рамки цієї статті.

To illustrate how it is possible to twist the appearance, triggers and procedures that are saved, we chose Microsoft SQL Server 7.0 and the NorthWind database, which is included before the delivery set of the DBMS.

First of all, apply, give respect to those who implement and save triggers and procedures that are victorious in the DBMS, can be considered as pointing at these statistics. In addition, for the creation of server objects, the following mothers are allowed, as if the administrator of the data base is given.

It is also significant that some ODBC drivers do not support the cycle of procedures, which are saved from client addenda, but that is how the DBMS itself supports it. Prote in the same way the procedures that are saved, as early as possible, can be eliminated from triggers.

Let's look at the facts, then discuss the procedures that are saved, and finish by looking at the triggers.

Appearance

Submission - tse virtual table, ring out the number of columns of one of the number of tables. There is no real data, only SQL-query of the SELECT type, showing the same data and from which tables it is necessary to take when returning to the first representation. Z tsієї point zoru yavlennya - tse ask, scho zberіgaєtsya.

Most of the vipadkiv are presented with victories for the safety of the data. For example, deacons of the category coristuvachiv can be accessed before they appear, but not in a table, they can form data; In addition, the SQL-request can set the USER parameter (name, under which registered koristuvach), and in which case the data available when you return to the date will fall under the name of the koristuvach.

Below are the main characteristics of the manifestation:

  • yavlennya behave like a table;
  • manifested not to avenge the data;
  • Submissions can win more data from the same table.

To create appearances, we can tweak the SQL proposition CREATE VIEW, modify it with the ALTER VIEW proposition, and delete it with the DROP VIEW proposition.

Let's look at the CREATE VIEW statement, which allows you to create a view for a streaming database.

CREATE VIEW proposition

The syntax of the proposition for the creation of a statement guesses the SQL SELECT proposition with a number of additional keywords. Below is a simple syntax:

CREATE VIEW view_name AS select_statement

The view_name argument specifies the name of the view. The key word, which is matched in Microsoft SQL Server, allows you to attach the original text of the CREATE VIEW proposition to the syscomments table.

The AS keyword indicates which SELECT query is actually applicable when returning before filing. Caution that the request cannot replace the keywords ORDER BY, COMPUTE or COMPUTE BY, INTO and cannot refer to the time table.

To modify the previously created statement, follow the proposition ALTER VIEW, as described in the offensive section.

DROP VIEW proposition

Tsya proposition vikoristovuєtsya for vydalannya vyavlennya z da nih. Give respect to those who, when the tables are seen from the data base, are seen all the statements that refer to it. Vikoristovuyuchi tsyu proposition, we are guilty of saying im'ya vyavlennya, scho seen. After being seen, all information about the new one is seen from the system tables.

One more point, if you need to see it, you can blame it for your mind that the structure of the tables, on which it is based, changed after the creation of the phenomenon. With this view, you can see the vistava and create it again for the additional proposition CREATE VIEW.

Creation and vikoristannya manifestation

The CREATE VIEW proposition is used to create a statement that allows you to change the data, as if it were to be given to the singers. Submissions are created in the current data base and are collected as an object.

The best way to create an appearance is to create a SELECT query and, having misinterpreted it, add the missing part of the CREATE VIEW proposition. Let's take a look at the output text of the Products by Category declaration in the NorthWind database (Listing 1).

The first row, in bold type, is where the SQL proposition is used to create the SELECT statement, which wins the robot over the choice of data. The SELECT clause to apply to this data selects fields from two tables - the CategoryName field from the CATEGORIES table and the ProductName, QuantityPerUnit, UnitsInStock, Discontinued fields from the PRODUCTS table. If this data is given, the two tables are linked by the CategoryID field, and only those products that are in stock (div. criterion after the WHERE keyword) are included in the resulting set of data. The result of the return to the first submission is shown in fig. one .

Now let's make a statement, as if showing all the territories of a similar region. The purpose of the presentation is to come out of the attack (Listing 2).

Having messed with the fact that the SELECT proposition rotates the results as we need, we add the CREATE VIEW statement and assign the name EASTTERR, which is created (Listing 3).

Instead of creating a text submitted manually, you can use visual tools to enter the DBMS warehouse. On fig. Figure 2 shows how the same application can be created behind the additional View Designer tool, which is the warehouse part of Enterprise Manager, that comes before Microsoft SQL Server.

The top part of the View Designer allows you to specify how tables are bound and which fields are displayed in the data. Below you can enter pseudonymous tables and fields, substitution of their values, method of display. Dalі put the final text of the notification and the results of yogo vikonannya.

First, let me finish a short look around, we’ll talk a little about those, how to take additional information about them. In Microsoft SQL Server 7.0, we can tweak the following system procedures that are saved:

  • To retrieve information about filings, you can use the sp_help system procedure. For example, sp_help EastTerr to turn around the situation about the incident;
  • to edit the input text, you can tweak the sp_helptext procedure, which is saved;
  • in order to know the list of tables in which to store a representation, you can use the system procedure sp_depends;
  • to rename a statement, you can tweak the sp_rename system procedure, which is saved.

We have looked at whom we have divided, how to win the evidence for the removal of data, how to meet these and other criteria. Let's turn to the rest of the butt. At the NorthWind data base there are several regions, and for the selection of the list of territories of the selected regions, we need several different declarations. The task can be forgiven, yakbee could have passed the RegionID value as a parameter. It is possible to work for additional procedures, what to take care of, about which we will talk in the offensive division.

Saving procedures

The procedure that is saved is the compilation of a set of SQL propositions, savings in the database as object naming and concatenation as a single code fragment. Saving procedures can accept and rotate parameters. If you create a procedure that is saved, the server compiles it and places it in the cache, which is distributed, after which the compilation code can be blocked by decals. If the program beats the procedure to be saved, it passes the parameters as needed, and the server wins the procedure without recompilation.

Saving procedures allow you to increase the productivity of programs. In the first place, porіvnjano іz sizable SQL-requests, which are forced from the client's addendum, the stench takes less than an hour to prepare for the end, the stinks of the stink are already compiled and saved. On the other hand, less traffic is also less in times, less in times of SQL-query transfers, less number of data is transmitted in links. Rice. 3 illustrative weekly procedures, which are taken by the client's addendum.

Saving procedures are automatically recompiled, as if with objects, pouring stench into them, zrobleno be-yaki change; іnakshe kazhuchi, stink zavzhdi actual. As already mentioned above, the procedures that are saved can accept parameters that allow different add-ons to win the same procedure, zastosovayuchi different sets of input data.

Saving procedures are called for to support the integrity of data and the implementation of business rules. At times, dodatkova flexibility, shards are available, as business rules change, you can change the text of the procedure, without changing client addenda.

To create, change and modify procedures, use special SQL propositions - CREATE PROCEDURE, ALTER PROCEDURE and DROP PROCEDURE. We look at them at the offensive division.

Proposition CREATE PROCEDURE

The CREATE PROCEDURE clause is chosen to create the procedure to be saved. There may be an offensive parsing syntax:

CREATE PROC proc_name [(@parameter data_type) [= default] ] [...] AS sql_statements

The proc_name argument sets the name of the procedure, which can be saved if it can be unique within the thread database. The @parameter argument specifies a procedure parameter. The CREATE PROCEDURE clause can have one or more parameters. Although the parameter does not have a value for promotions, there may be transfers by a correspondent (or a client's addendum) under the hour of a weekly procedure. In Microsoft SQL Server 7.0, the number of procedure parameters that are taken is not responsible for overriding 1024; for umovchannyam stench mozhut mother znachennya NULL.

Significantly, the existence of universal mechanisms for accessing data can impose additional restrictions on the number of procedure parameters that are saved. For example, the BDE driver for Oracle 8 is built-to-work only with procedures, the number of parameters of which does not change 10.

The data_type argument specifies the data type for the parameter. The default keyword can be used to set a value behind a promotion - it can be a constant or NULL. When a value is specified for a lock, the procedure can be left out without a value for the parameter. Likewise, the procedure uses a parameter with the LIKE keyword, the value of the promotion can be replaced by group characters (%, _, and [^]).

The OUTPUT keyword indicates which parameter to turn.

The AS keyword indicates how the procedure can be visualized whether it looks like a large number of SQL propositions and propositions on the procedural extension of SQL specific to this server.

The procedure, created for the additional CREATE PROCEDURE clause, will be saved from the streaming database. In Microsoft SQL Server, procedure names are placed in the sysobjects system table, and output text is placed in the syscomments table.

To change what was done earlier, the following procedure is chosen to win the proposition ALTER PROCEDURE, briefly described in the next section.

Proposition DROP PROCEDURE

Tsya proposition vikoristovuetsya for remote procedures that are taken from the data base. The DROP PROCEDURE proposition takes one argument, the name of the procedure to be seen.

When removing procedures that are saved, information about them is removed from the system tables sysobjects and syscomments.

The creation of the selected procedures that are saved

At the branch assigned to the events, we gave respect to those that would have been handy, so we could pass a parameter to the presentation to replace the RegionID value for selecting one of the four regions in the NorthWind data base. Let's look at it again, which turns the list of territories to the region:

SELECT Territories.TerritoryDescription, Region.RegionDescription FROM Territories INNER JOIN Region ON Territories.RegionID = Region.RegionID WHERE Territories.RegionID = 1

To select another region, we need to change the mind in the WHERE clause in the remaining row. Also, as we have changed (we call it її RegID), we can choose one of the four regions without changing other parts of the entry.

The NorthWind database has several regions with numbers 1 to 4. This means that the RegID can be changed as a whole type. The code of the procedure to be taken is shown below:

CREATE PROCEDURE ShowRegion @RegID int AS SELECT Territories.TerritoryDescription, Region.RegionDescription FROM Territories INNER JOIN Region ON Territories.RegionID = Region.RegionID WHERE Territories.RegionID = @RegID

Return respect to those who may have denied the entire text to the SELECT unobtainable (when seen in italics) and only added the CREATE PROCEDURE proposition to the name of the newly created procedure, which is taken (in the first row), the parameter is declared (in the other row) and the keyword AS, which shows the cob of propositions, really wins out.

The result of the created SQL Server Query Analyzer procedure for RegID = 2 readings in fig. 3 .

Obviously, we can save the procedures that are being saved, not only for the implementation of extended versions of the manifestation, but of "intellectual" SELECT requests. Saving procedures provide mechanisms that allow you to automate a lot of routine tasks.

With Microsoft SQL Server 7.0, we can also tweak system-saving procedures to work with the most important procedures that are saved:

  • sp_stored_procedures - show a list of procedures to save;
  • sp_helptext - show the text of the procedure to be saved;
  • sp_depends - show information about the staleness of saving procedures;
  • sp_procoption - set options for procedures that are saved or set;
  • sp_recompile - recompile the procedure at the time of the next week;
  • sp_rename – change the name of a procedure.

System procedures that are saved

We're talking about Microsoft SQL Server, but we mean the great number of system procedures that are saved and implemented by him. The names of the system procedures that are saved start from SP_ or XP_ and are saved in the master database. More often, we have already described the deeds of the often victorious systemic procedures that are saved.

Reveal respect, that the triggers are not guilty of turning the coristuvachev data.

The CREATE TRIGGER proposition can have two special tables. For example, deleted and inserted tables can have the same structure as a table, a trigger is assigned to it, and delete old and new values ​​of records that have been changed. For example, we can twist the following SQL proposition to search for remote records:

SELECT * FROM deleted

At the table Figure 3 shows both the deleted and inserted tables for all possible data changes.

To change an overt trigger, follow the proposition ALTER TRIGGER. Let's talk about something new in the offensive division.

For the cob, we need to add two new fields to the table, in which the numbers will be reduced. Namely їх UpdatedBy (the name of the manager who stopped the record) and UpdatedWhen (the hour when the record was changed). Let's create a trigger called KeepTrack. yoga axis code:

CREATE TRIGGER KeepTrack ON Customers INSERT, UPDATE AS UPDATE Customers SET Customers.UpdatedBy = USER_NAME(), Customers.UpdatedWhen = GETDATE() FROM inserted, Customers WHERE inserted.CustomerID = Customers.CustomerID

As you can see from the output text of the trigger, the vin is checked after the INSERT and UPDATE skin operations on the Customers table. This trigger will save the name of the manager (data base) from the Customers.UpdatedBy field, and change the date and hour from the Customers.UpdatedWhen field. Numbers of data are excluded from the time table, introduced.

Like Bachimo, this trigger allows you to follow changes and insert new records in the table.

Before that, how to finish a short look at triggers, we are guilty of help, so you can know the information about triggers. The sysobjects table stores information about triggers and types, and the syscomments table stores their output text.

Visnovok

In this part, we looked at a few types of database objects - procedures, detection and triggers that are saved. We recognized the advance:

  • Appearance - tse virtual table, sound created as a subset of columns in one number of tables. To create a view, the CREATE VIEW proposition is used, to modify it, the ALTER VIEW proposition, and to delete, the DROP VIEW proposition.
  • The procedure that is saved is the compilation of a set of SQL propositions, savings in the database as object naming and concatenation as a single code fragment. To create a procedure that is saved, the proposition CREATE PROCEDURE is set, to change - ALTER PROCEDURE, and to delete - DROP PROCEDURE.
  • A trigger is a special type of procedure that is saved, as it is automatically invoked, if the data in the single table is added, visible or changed for additional SQL propositions INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE. Triggers are created for the help of the CREATE TRIGGER clause. To change a trigger, the ALTER TRIGGER proposition is selected, and the DROP TRIGGER proposition is removed.

ComputerPress 12"2000

Include a row in your procedure - SET NOCOUNT ON:

With a skin-friendly DML virus, the SQL server promptly tells us what to do about the number of recorded records. Tsya іnformatsija may be to us the cost of the code, but after that it will be absolutely perfect. By writing SET NOCOUNT ON we enable this function. For procedures that can eliminate the number of viruses or cycles, which can give a significant increase in productivity, the amount of traffic will be significantly reduced.

Transact SQL

Match the scheme name with the object name:

Well, here I think zrazumilo. The operation is given to the server to de shukati ob'єkti and zamіst of that, to rummage around in your locks, you will know where you need to drink and what to take. With a large number of bases, tables and procedures that are saved, it can save our time and nerves.

Transact SQL

SELECT * FROM dbo.MyTable -- The axis is so good -- Replace SELECT * FROM MyTable -- And so it's bad -- EXEC procedure call dbo.MyProc -- I'm sorry again -- Replace EXEC MyProc -- Bad!

Do not use the "sp_" prefix in the names of your procedures, which are avoided:

As a matter of fact, our procedure is based on sp_, SQL Server in the first place in its main database. On the right, the given prefix is ​​chosen for special internal server procedures that are saved. That yoga experiment can be brought to additional vitrates and lead to an incorrect result, as the procedure with the same names, like yours, will be found in yoga database.

Vary IF EXISTS (SELECT 1) instead of IF EXISTS (SELECT *):

To reverse the appearance of the entry in the next table, we win IF EXISTS viraz. The Danish window turns true, so even one value, not important "1", all columns or a table is turned from the internal window. Vіdomі danі, in principle not vikoristovuyutsya. In this way, in order to stisnennya traffic at the hour of transmission of data, it is more logical to beat "1", as shown below.

Saving SQL procedures - hacking a program module, which can be saved from looking at different objects. In other words, the object that has the SQL-instructions. The procedures that are saved can be used in application clients to achieve good productivity. In addition, such objects are often called out from other scenarios, or to inspire some other kind of distribution.

Entry

It is important for anyone to know that they are similar to other procedures (for example, MS SQL). Maybe, you're right. They may have similar parameters, they can see similar values. Above those, the stench is sticking for an hour. For example, stinks are associated with the DDL and DML databases, as well as with the core functions (codename - UDF).

In fact, the SQL procedures that are taken care of are capable of a wide range of advantages, as they see the middle of such processes. Bezpeka, variability of programming, productivity - all add to the core, which works from data bases, more data. The peak of popularity of procedures fell on 2005-2010, if the program was released under the name "Microsoft" under the name SQL Server Management Studio. With the help of data bases, it has become much simpler, more practical and more convenient. From the rock in the world such gaining popularity among programmers. Today, it is an absolutely sound program, like for koristuvachivs, like “connecting” with data bases, it has become like “Exel”.

When you click on the procedure, it is instantly processed by the server itself without zayvih protsessіv that vtruchannya coristuvacha. If so, you can zdiyasnyuvati be-like a distant, vikonannya, change. For all that, you need a DDL-operator, which is self-taught to rob the most complicated parts of object processing. Moreover, it seems to be very fast, and the server is actually not navantazhuetsya. This kind of speed and productivity allow you to easily transfer large amounts of information from the server to the server.

For the implementation of this technology, robots with information are based on mov programming. Before them, you can see, for example, PL / SQL like Oracle, PSQL in InterBase and Firebird systems, as well as the classic “Microsoft” Transact-SQL. All stinks are recognized for creating and concluding procedures that are saved, that allow mastering algorithms in great databases. It is necessary for those who manage such information to be able to protect all objects from unauthorized access to third-party systems and, obviously, create, change or view other data.

Productivity

Qi database objects can be programmed with different paths. Tse allows coristuvachas to choose the type of vicorous method, which will be the most suitable, which will save the strength of that hour. In addition, the procedure itself is being processed, which allows you to hide the great hourly exchange rates between the server and the server. Also, the module can be reprogrammed and changed at any time. Particularly, it is important to note the flexibility, for which the launch of the saved SQL procedure is expected: this process is more similar to others, similar to it, to make it efficient and universal.

Bezpeka

This type of processing of information is used in similar processes, which guarantees improved security. Tse bezpechuetsya for the account of the fact that the access of others to the procedures can be turned off again. Tse to allow the administrator to carry out operations with them independently, not being afraid of perehoplennya information or unauthorized access to the data base.

Transfer of data

The connection between the SQL procedure, which is taken, and the client's addendum is based on different parameters and values, which are rotated. Let's not obov'yazkovo transfer data to the procedure, which is saved, the information is processed (mainly on demand) and processed for SQL. Since the procedure, which is being saved, has completed its work, there are data packets back (ale, I know, for the bugs) to the addendum, so that you can use yoga, victorious methods, for the help of which you can find out how to save the SQL procedure, so and turn, for example:

Passing data for an additional parameter to the Output type;

Transfer of data for help of the operator;

The strength of the tribute for the assistance of the operator to the choice.

And now let's take a look, as if looking at the whole process in the middle.

1. Creating an EXEC Saved Procedure in SQL

You can create a procedure in MS SQL (Managment Studio). After the procedure has been created, it will be re-arranged from the programming vuzol base data, in which the procedure will be created by the operator. For vykonannya SQL procedure, scho zberіgayutsya, vykoristovuyut EXEC-process, kaki m_sti іm'ya of the object itself.

When the procedure is combined, the name is declared first, after which one or more of the parameters assigned to you are selected. Parameters can be non-binding. Since the parameter(s) for the body of the procedure will be written, it is necessary to carry out the necessary operations.

On the right, in that the body can be changed locally, roztashovani in nіy, and tsі change locally also according to the date before the procedures. In other words, they can only be seen in the middle of the body of a Microsoft SQL Server procedure. Saving procedures at times are vvazhayutsya local.

Thus, in order to create a procedure, we need the name of the procedure and at least one parameter in the body of the procedure. Catch the respect that the most important option for such a time is the creation of the procedure for the name of the scheme at the classifier.

The body of the procedure may be some kind of example, such as the creation of tables, the insertion of one or a row of rows in tables, the type and nature of the data base, and so on. The proteo body of the procedure is between the victories of the current operations in the new one. Acts of important delimitation have been built below:

The body is not guilty of doing any other procedure that is being saved;

The body can create a pardon about the object;

The body is not guilty of creating everyday triggers.

2. Installing a change in the body of the procedure

You can change them local to the body of the procedure, and the stinks will be changed only in the middle of the body of the procedure. Good practice is the creation of procedures that are changed on the cob of the body, which are saved. But it is also possible to install changes in any place in the body of a given object.

In some cases, you can tell that a few of the changes are installed in one row, and the skin of the change parameter is water-reinforced. Also, please respect that you can change the prefix @. You can insert a change for the type of procedure, wherever you want. For example, changing @NAME1 can be voiced closer to the end of the procedure. In order to give the meaning of the voiceless change, a set of special data is collected. On the basis of the situation, if more than one change is voiced in one row, in such a situation there is less than one set of special data.

Quite often, quizzes ask: "How do you recognize a small value in one statement in a procedure title?" Well. Feeding the cicava, but it’s easier to make it richer, you don’t think so. Hint: for the help of such pairs, like "Select Var = value". You can beat the odds, spreading them out with a coma.

In the most manipulative butts, people show the creation of a simple procedure, what is taken care of, and vikonannya її. For this procedure, you can take such parameters as the process, what it calls, and the value is close to the new one (but don't change it). As the stench escapes, then in the middle of the body, the processes begin. For example, how to create a procedure, how to accept the location of the region from the subscriber, what to call, and turn the data about those, how many authors are sent to the location of that region. The procedure will take into account the tables of authors of the data base, for example, Pubs, to the end of the list of authors. To take a look at the data base, for example, Google captures the SQL script from the side of SQL2005.

In the front case, the procedure takes two parameters, which will be called @State and @City in English. The type of data is consistent with the type assigned to the supplement. The title of the procedure may be internally changed by @TotalAuthors (of all authors), and it will be changed for the purpose of displaying their quantity. Dalі z'yavlyaєtsya razdіl vyboru zaputu, yakii all pіdrakhovuє. Nareshti, podrahovane znachennya vіdobrazhaєєtsya vіknі vyvodu for the assistance of the operator to a friend.

How do I save the procedure with SQL Viconati

There are two ways to follow the procedure. The first path is shown, passing the parameters, as the list of divisions is shown after the name of the procedure. It is permissible, we may have two meanings (like in the front butt). The values ​​are taken for additional changing parameters of the @State and @City procedures. Whose whole way of transferring parameters is in an important order. This method is called ordinal argument passing. In the other way, the parameters are unequivocally recognized, and in this way the order is not important. Another way to do this is to pass named arguments.

The procedure can be changed as standard. So it goes, like in the front butt, but only here the parameters are shown. So the @City parameter is taken first, and @State is taken from the lock values. The parameter behind the lock will sound like it’s all right. The SQL procedures that are saved are passed as simple parameters. In this case, mind you, the UT parameter overrides the value for the SA lock. The other vicoon has more than one argument value for the @ City parameter, and the @ State parameter takes the value of the CA key. Updates to the program will be glad, so that the changes for the abbreviations will be updated closer to the end of the list of parameters. In a different way, we can’t vykonannya, and even you are guilty of practicing with the transfer of naming arguments, which is better and more foldable.

4. Save SQL Server Procedures: Ways to Rotate

There are three important ways to manage data at the foreclosure procedures that are saved. The stench is rehabilitated below:

Turning the value of the procedure that is taken;

Exclude the parameter of the procedures that are being saved;

Choose one of the procedures that are saved.

4.1 Turning the value of saving SQL procedures

In this method, the procedure gives the value of the local change and rotates it. The procedure can be turned around without delay. At the attacking butt, they created a procedure, as if turning over a large number of authors. If you compare this procedure with the previous ones, you can think that the meaning for the other is replaced by the return one.

Now let's wonder how to follow the procedure and enter the meaning, how to turn around. Vikonannya procedure vmagaє vstanovlennya zminnoї that friend, yak be carried out after the process. Note that you can substitute a Select operator, for example, Select @RetValue, as well as OutputValue.

4.2 Remove parameters of SQL procedures that are saved

The meaning of the vіdpovіd can be vikoristane for turning one zminnoy, which we and bachiled in the front butt. Variant of the Output parameter allows the procedure to correct one or the other the value of the change for the other side. The output parameter is designated by the same key word "Output" when the procedure is created. If a job parameter is an output parameter, then the procedure object is responsible for setting its value. Saving SQL procedures, which can be used lower, are used in different cases with sub-bag information.

Our application will have two official names: @ TotalAuthors and @ TotalNoContract. The stench is indicated by the list of parameters. The number of changes is given in the middle of the body of the procedure. If we win the parameters, the subscriber can select the value inserted in the middle of the body of the procedure.

In addition, in the previous scenario, two changes are made in order to increase the value, as if saving the MS SQL Server procedure in the output parameter. Then the procedure is beaten by the path of setting the normal value of the CA parameter. The next parameters are the same, and, later, the voiceless changes are transmitted in order. Catch the respect that the hour of the passage of the changed days is the key word is also given here. After the procedure has been successful, the significance, as they turn for additional help of the last parameters, is shown for further reconciliation.

4.3 Choose one of the SQL procedures to save

This technique is used to rotate the set of values ​​in the data tables (RecordSet) to the full procedure that is taken. For this application, the SQL procedure that is being saved, with the @AuthID parameters, feeds the table "Authors" with a filter path, records are rotated after the additional @AuthId parameter. The Select statement overrides what can be rotated and calls procedures to select. When the procedure fails, the AuthId is passed back. Such a procedure here always rotates only one record, or else it is necessary. Ale, the procedure that is being taken is not allowed to turn over more than one record every day. It is often possible to use an example, for some of the data rotations with different parameters, with the participation of the calculation of the change, there is a way of giving a number of bag values.

At the end

The procedure that is being saved is to complete with a serious software module, which it turns or transmits, and also installs the necessary changes to the client addendum. Oskіlki procedure, which is saved, vikonuєtsya on the server itself, the exchange of data with the great obligations between the server and the client's addendum (for those deductible) can be deleted. This allows you to downgrade to the SQL server, which, obviously, goes into the hands of their rulers. One of the foreseeable is the T SQL procedures that are taken care of by those who are involved in the creation of significant databases. Also, there is a large, majestic number of nuances, which can be different when performing procedures that are saved, it is necessary more for those who plan to be engaged in programming, including professionally.

If there are following procedures to be saved, and if I am guilty of victorizing a statement in SQL Server?

Let me allow you to create dynamic drinks, how can we improve the parameters?

Which one of them is the most visible, and which one is the best, and which one is the least?

Look over or the procedures that are being saved, are they constantly saving memory?

What does it mean, let's say, that statements create a virtual table and procedures create a table of materials?

Be kind, let me know about more points, like the stench.

Solutions Collecting From Web of "Why is there a difference between procedures, savings, and taxes?"

View є virtual table. You can come up to the number of tables in the submission and win the application for the submission of data, so the data were found in one table.

The procedure for selecting the parameters for the selected function has been saved ... so that the insertion of data or rotation of the other values ​​or the set of data is updated.

Created notifications and procedures that are being saved - to avenge the information from Microsoft about those, if and why win them.

Let's say I have two tables:

tbl_user Stovptsi: .user_id, .user_name, .user_pw

tbl_profile Stowpci: .profile_id, .user_id .profile_description

So, as I am trying to fetch these tables ALOT ... instead of that, to work in the CLEAR peice sql, I would use a look, for example:

CREATE View vw_user_profile AS Select A.user_id, B.profile_description FROM tbl_user A left join tbl_profile B on A.user_id = b.user_id GO

Therefore, in the future, I want to request a profile_description for the id of the koristuvach ... everything that I need to rob,

SELECT profile_description FROM vw_user_profile WHERE user_id = @ID

This code can be tweaked in the procedure that is saved, for example:

Create procedure dbo.getDesc @ID int AS begin SELECT profile_description FROM vw_user_profile WHERE user_id = @ID END GO

For that I can phone

Dbo.getDesc 25

and I remove the description for the ID of the koristuvach 25 de 25 - your parameter.

It is obvious that BAGATO is more, but the main idea is less.

On the back, you need to understand that insults are different speeches. The savings of procedures are more victorious for INSERT-UPDATE-DELETE statements. Those submissions are vindicated for SELECT statements. and you are guilty of victorious resentment.

You cannot change data at the vistas.

Take a look: This is a virtual table that is made up of one or more rows and columns from different real data base tables. Tse template rowk_v and stovpts_v k_lkoh table. You cannot pass any parameters here.

Save procedures: use a set of SQL-statements ahead of time, for which you can edit parameters like input data and remove output data.

Appearances can be featured in a procedure that is saved, but a procedure that is saved cannot be featured in Views…!

The shovischa procedure is victorious if plain SQL is simply not enough. Procedures for saving should be changed, cycles and cycles of other procedures that are saved. Tse mova programming, not mova zapitіv.

    Appearances are static. Think of them as if they were new tables with a simple layout, and the data in them are being created on a whim, with a vicarious note, with which you have created everything. As in any SQL table, you can sort and filter by WHERE , GROUP BY and ORDER BY .

    Tse to lay aside the fact that you work.

    Tse to lay in the base of data. Sorry, just run the query and filter the result. And yet, data bases, like Oracle, allow you to create "materialization" statements, like in the main table, as they are automatically updated when you change the basic data type.

    The materialization of the statement allows you to create indexes in the columns of the statement (especially on the calculated columns, which are not found anywhere in the data base).

    I don’t understand what you say.

The main difference lies in the fact that if you request a statement, the designation is inserted into your request. The procedure can give results, but it's compiled and so fast. The second option is to index the notice.

SQL View is a virtual table based on the SQL SELECT query. Submissions are submitted for one or more relevant data base tables or other statements. This mittєvy sign of the database, just like the procedure that is taken, is a group of Transact-SQL statements, folded into a single plan of execution.

Pereglyad is a simple demonstration of data that is saved in data base tables, just like a procedure that is saved by a group of operators, which can be viconated.

Filed more, oscillki vodobrazhae data from the table, on how to ask, just like the procedure of the collection of sql-instructions.

Reverse this article: Reviewing the procedures that are being saved. The very ones that you are whispering

@Patrick is correct when you say that, well, let's look at your other food, create a View for yourself in memory, and in the fallow type Joins, Data and even if it will be broken down, be it aggregation, you might as well end up hungry looking .

Save the procedure to save all your work either with the Temp Hash Table substitutions, for example #tmpTable1, or in memory of @tmpTable1 for help. Zalezhno v_d of what you want to say.

The procedure that is taken is similar to a function, but is called by direct names. zamіst funktsіy, yakі in fact vikoristovuyutsya in the middle of the request.

Obviously, most of the time the tables are in memory, because you don’t take a lot of money.

Mahesh is not right, if he allows wine, you cannot change the tribute from the tribute. Father, look at Patrick

CREATE View vw_user_profile AS Select A.user_id, B.profile_description FROM tbl_user A left join tbl_profile B on A.user_id = b.user_id

I can update data ... like a butt, I can work it out whether it’s a cich ...

Update vw_user_profile Set profile_description="Manager" where user_id=4

Update tbl_profile Set profile_description="Manager" where user_id=4

You can't insert it into the declaration, since not all fields in the entire table are present, and I'm assuming that PROFILE_ID is the primary key and can't be NULL. However, you can also insert an INSERT at the vistavu...

I created an application for the main table, vicorist ...

Create View Junk like SELECT * view

Insert in junk (Code,name) values ​​("glyn","Glyn Roberts"), ("Mary","Maryann Roberts")

DELETE from Junk Where ID>4

І INSERT, і DELETE worked at the same point

Obviously, you can't change whether fields are, whether they are aggregations, or whether they are secured, or whether they are statements, if they are just direct statements, they can be changed.

If you have seen more than one table, you cannot insert or see, but if you have seen more than one table, you can sound.

In addition to pointing more comments, I would like to add some respect about Views.

  1. Gifts can be victorious for prikhovuvannya folding. Show your scenario, in which 5 people work on the project, and only one of them is already a team with a data base, for example, collapsible associations. In such a scenario, wines can be created, which can be easily requested by other members of the team, and stink shards query one table.
  2. Security can be easily implemented Views. Let's say we spіvrobіtnik tables The salary , SSN number. Citizens are not guilty of looking for coristuvachs, who are not allowed to look at them. In this way, we can create a notification, such as choosing the columns in the table, as not authorizing, such as im'ya , vіk ta etc., without giving conflicting remarks (for example, about salary, etc., about how we were guessed earlier). Now we can see allowed for direct request to tables employee and just save it for reading from the subject. In this way, we can realize security for help Views.