Look for the snakes to reach the oldest lethal devices. The first documents about them are written for a hundred years before the beginning of a new literacy. In Chinese manuscripts, it is revealed that the wind snakes were launched at the hour of the people's saints. The Chinese used snakes in the form of birds, ribs, panicles, beetles, human figures, like roses, they made nayaskravishi colors (Fig. 1).
The largest type of Chinese serpent is the dragon, a fantastic winged serpent. The majestic dragon, which rises by the air, is a symbol of supernatural forces. At the bottom of the moon, China was recently saved for the mass launch of repeated snakes at the ninth day of the ninth month - the day of the serpent.
The flying dragon is structurally foldable. Two or three dozens of light paper cones made up for a long time the body of a monster, which chimes in the field like a chimp. The serpent-dragon maw has a great head with a vishkiren pasture. Krіz pasture the wind penetrating at the empty sheepskin coat, inflating yoga, lifting it at the window. In addition to the replacement of cones, the design of the dragon's kistya included round disks, which gradually changed, as if they were tied between themselves with cords. The skin disc was tinted with a thin bamboo plank, and great pir'ya were seen on the edge (small 2).
To strengthen the effect, a special "zmіїnu music" was invented, which predicts the curling of the wind in Dimary. They made poppies from the dry heads of poppies, which they saw sounds, and inserted into the yaks the next nozzles. A leier was attached to the dragon's pasture, and two long seam lines were attached to the tail section, which rang out at the same time from the snakes.
Tsikave species was represented by likhtariki, which were prepared from thin colored paper (Fig. 3), and fireworks (Fig. 4), which were attached to snakes.
Widely wide-spread snakes nabula near Korea. At the beginning of their zastosuvannya there is little purely religious character, and then the launch of snakes, becoming a hoary species, will occupy and species.
Japanese snake "Kero"
On the ancient Japanese little ones, one can also see the images of the repeated snakes, as the shape of the Chinese snakes significantly trembled behind the shape (Fig. 5).
Japanese snakes: a - "blizzard"; b - "Yatsuhana"; in - "Gonbo"; d - from the outskirts of Nagasaki; d - "Bozo"; e - "Ato"
The typical Malayan snake snake (Fig. 6) has the form of a curvilinear symmetrical tricot. The frame of the yoga is made up of three rods, which are tinted, the close-fitting is made of coarse fabrics.
Vinahid of the serpent, independently seen near the borders of the Skhoda, is attributed by European historians to the Old Greek Venerable Archit of Tarentsky (IV century BC).
Tsіkavі old-fashioned records about the first practical zastosuvannya potryanyh snakes. In one of them it is said that the IX Art. the Byzantines lifted nothing on the serpent of the warrior, which from the heights threw the fiery speech at the fortune-teller's camp. At 906 p. Prince Oleg of Kiev scurried over with snakes at the hour of the capture of Tsargorod. The chronicle seems to say that "the horses and the people of paper, gilded and gilded" appeared over the gate near the window. And in 1066, Wilhelm the Conqueror victorist stole snakes for the military signaling in native England.
But, unfortunately, about the shape of the ancient European snakes, about their constructive power and strength, the annual tribute was not saved.
Serpent "blinds" of Rakka design
The old hour of the vcheni of Europe underestimated the significance of the visited serpent for science. Only from the middle of the XVIII century. repeating the snake begins to stagnate under the hour of scientific work. In 1749 p. A. Wilson (England) snake of whistleblowers for a thermometer with a method of determining the temperature on the height. In 1752 p. the teachings of the physicist W. Franklin were taken by the snake to follow the bliss. Vіdkrivshi behind the help of the snake the electric nature of the bliskavka, Franklin vinaishov bliskavkovіdvіd.
Povіtryany zmії zastosovulysya atmospheric electricity by the great Russian scientist M. U. Lomonosov and English physicist I. Newton.
The serpent begins to send valuable scientific services. It is not surprising that in 1756 p. the famous mathematician L. Euler, having written the next rows: "Look at the snake, this toy of children, as if you don't care about them, you can, however, think deeply about yourself."
Significantly improved the snake by robbing the Australian teachings of L. Hargrave in the 90s. last hundred years. Having speeded up with the robots of the first glider pilot, the German engineer O. Lilienthal, Hargrave first zastosuv like a serpent's two crossed boxes, z'ednani one by one. Lilіental, constructing his gliders, respecting that such devices can have good stability in the air. Hargrave was more tolerant at seeing the proportions of his boxes. Zreshtoy, the first box-shaped snake appeared, which no longer wiggled its tail for stability in the field (mal. 7).
Hargrave's light boxes turned out to be not only a big post for the development of the serpentine craft, but, no doubt, they helped with the construction of the first lights. This position is confirmed by the similarity with the double-winged snakes of the biplanes of Voisin, Santos-Duman, Farman and other aircraft of the first aircraft designers.
The first presentation of a person on box-shaped snakes was also designed by Hargrave. Passenger lifted on four snakes with a total area of 22 m2.
Frameless "chenets"
Beginning in 1894 resurrecting snakes systematically zastosovuєtsya for vyvchennya upper spheres of the atmosphere. At 1895 p. at the Washington Bureau, wait a minute, the first snake station was organized. In 1896 p. at the Boston Observatory, the height of the box snake reached 2000 m, and 1900 r. in the same place, a snake was lifted to a height of 4600 m.
At 1897 p. rospochato robots with snakes in Russia. The stench was carried out at the Pavlivska magneto-meteorological observatory, de at 1902. bulo vodcrito special zmіykove vіddіlennya.
Widespread zastosuvannya visits snakes know at the meteorological observatories of Nimechchina, France and Japan. Zmіy (Pidnimava on the Duzha is a great lean. Lack, in the observator of Lindermberg (Nimechina), they were dominated by the pydyoma zmiya nib at 7,000 m. Pervyzv'yazov through the Atlantic Ocean in the anti -navigable zmoye. R.). on the island of New Foundlen there was a great serpent, like a flyer on a dart, which served as a primal antenna.
The box-shaped snake of Hargrave got stuck in the English military department. Lieutenant of the English Army Vіn zbіlshiv yogo area with a path adding bіchnyh porches, placing boxes on all corners, bolstering the construction's mіtsnії and vvіv zvіv zvіv zvіv zvіv novіy principle zbirannya razbirannya zmіya. On such snakes, they began to climb up at the periphery of the military posters.
At the beginning of the XX century. the work on the snakes of Codé was carried out by the captain of the French army, Saccony. Vіn having created more thoroughly the design of the crossed snake, which is one of the best and dosi. Sacconey, koristyuyuchis rich subsidies vіyskogo vіdomstva, mav nagod widely put their doslidi. Vіn gruntovno razrobyv principle of towing pіdёmu snakes: one group of snakes pіdnіmala in turn the main rail (rope), іnsha - towed rope vantage. Sacconey having set the first records of height and vantageopidiomnosti of struck kites.
Sacconey's robots knew their prodovzhuvachiv from the rich armies of Europe. In Russia, Colonel Ulyanin created a special snake for the army (Fig. 8 and 9). The most valuable and warmest innovations in snakes of this design were wing hinges, which automatically increase the area of the snake when the wind is relaxed. Crimea of Ulyanina, Kuznetsov hooted with snakes, Ashes and others, created successful designs. Under the hour of the Russian-Japanese war 1904-1905 r.b. the Russian army had special snakes.
In parallel with the Cody robots in Europe, and most importantly in France, other designers conducted their experiments. Of them, next to guess Plotter, which changed the place of fastening the bridle and created the snake with keel flats, which increased the vantageopidyomnist.
The design of the original single-box snake was propagated by the French engineer Lecornu. Having created the snake, a box of some guessing bjolin’s stiltniki (Fig. 10). The idea of inciting your snake to Lecornu was obstructed, guarding the watering of the birds. Like marveling at a bird, about flying, you can remember that the flats of the hull and krill make a good kut. The same set-up at 30 ° The hospital was built at the horizontal planes of the serpent.
PD Hour of Pershitovo Viyni Vіznikh Krayan I was especially stacked for the post -post of the post -privni -kuli, the threshold of the Pydeomi, in the deposits of the battle, they gave the canal of the sponge. artillery fire. If the wind became too strong, the deputy of the guarded sacks put the box parts of the snake. Fallen in the wind force, folding a train of 5-10 great box-shaped snakes, they attached one to the cable on a singing winder, one on a long drot. Before the cable they tied a cat for a posterigach. For a strong one, to make a steady wind, the posterigach climbed into the cat at a height of up to 800 m.
Such a way of guarding the maw of that victory, which allowed you to come closer to the advanced positions of the enemy. The winds of the snakes were not so easily shot, like the winds of the bushes, which were already a great method. In addition, I walked out of the fret of the okremnaya serpent, vibrating on the heights of the posterity of the poster, but not crying out for the fall. A hit by a sack of one firing rocket was sufficient for its death, shards of wine reminiscent of an easily occupied water.
Roche-Donzel "monoblock" snake
Potryanni pid Pershitovy Vikoristovy Vikoristov was tedued for Zachist Vychalivikhovikh ovkkktiv, the enemy attacks the rummage of sovereigns, stolen to the little deposits of the culm , yakі created an opponent for great trouble. Nіmechchina zastosuvala such a fence for the defense of the shipyards of underwater chovnіv and hangars near Belgium.
For the serpentine fences of the hangars near Brussels, the serpents of the great roses were prepared at the sight of the friendly aircrafts. The snakes copied the contours of the aircraft of various designs (monoplanes, biplanes) with a method to introduce the opponent's pilots into Oman.
In the spring of 1915. in Nіmechchini becoming a cicavi drop, if the attachment of the wind in oman is not the opponent's pilots, but the power of the anti-aircraft battery. One wound of the vranci near the front was lifted by the attachment of a flying biplane. Nezabar after a pіdёm vin sign in the gloomy. If until noon the gloom rose up, in the spring of the day, the whole flight was rapt. The German posterigachs developed an enmity, that the darkness is not bad, and the biplane to fly from the great swedishness. Unforgettably, the sign of the darkness in order to re-appear in the attacking roar. The post of a guarded warning that link was raised: "The fortune teller". Anti-aircraft batteries fired up the city fire. Near the airfield they made up harmati, poking around in the presence of a damaged enemy. So now I knew in the gloom, then I showed myself again, and the fenced-off fire continued to doti, the docks of the Germans did not realize that they had fired on the power of affection. The rest was not beaten by the one who, during the shooter, was trying to correct for the apparent speed of the aircraft and the shells invariably appeared in front of the indestructible target.
Zmіykova on the right in Europe reached the greatest rozkvit until the end of the war, in 1918. After that, the interest of the snakes weakened to the point. Burkhlivy razvitok aviatsії soil vytіsnyat zmіy іz vіyskovoї ї prava.
A lot of designers, who previously hobbled with a serpentine right, moved to work on the flyers. Ale їhnіy dosvіd budіvnitstv zmіїv not passed without a trace. Vin, madly, having played his role in the history of aviation at the first stage of the development of aircraft.
Snake "zirka" designed by Bab'yuk
At the Radyansk Union, the hoarding of snakes roiled mayzhe at once with aircraft modeling. Already on the first all-Union designs of flying models in 1926. were presented boxes of snakes, which were inspired by the Kiev aircraft models under the ceramics I. Bab'yuk. Eleven linen snakes from a working area of 42.5 m 2 were launched on a steel cable with a thickness of 3 mm from a special aerostatic winch. The construction of these snakes is a kind of classical Sacconeian type.
The number of trains made from box-shaped snakes, which are submitted to the All-Union model aircraft, has increased. At the zmagannya 1935 took the fate of 8 trains. For the first time, the most recent boulo was shown in a different manner by the stagnation of the stricken snakes. On a ladder up and down, "stretching the leaves" were thrown, for the help of them, paratroopers were streaking, "bombs" and leaflets were thrown off, and a dim curtain was demonstrated. Lyalki-"paratroopers" were robbed of protracted haircuts following the live "landing" thrown off - white bears at the klitz. Skidannya zі zmіїv models of gliders has become an obvious phenomenon. From the altitude start, there were a few glider models for a few kilometers.
At the pioneer camps, the snakes of the daedals were often hung up to signal the beginning of the Viysk holidays. It is often possible to collect a bunker from a lizhnik, which is easy to shove in the snow, towed by a snake.
Zmіykova on the right became one of the divisions of the first aviation training of pioneers and schoolchildren, and on the other hand, serpents became full-fledged aircraft in a row with models of aircraft and gliders.
Under the Serpukhov Budin, pioneers in 1931. that successfully worked the child of the snake station. Kerіvnikіv tsієї stantsії shoroku asked for their serpentine team on the all-Union model aircraft.
Nezabar dosvid serpukhovichiv becoming widely known. All-Union campaigns began to be carried out independently. The teams represented the snake stations of Saratov, Kiev, Tuli, Stalingrad and other places to win.
The carpenters of the children's snake stations and the youth "snakes" from the great burrows designed the snakes and launched them, carried out the work of the middle pioneers and schoolchildren.
Have 1937 r. near Zvenigorod, the Central Rada of the Osoaviakhim of the SRSR organized the First All-Union slaughter of damaged box-shaped snakes. Unfriendly meteorological minds (the presence of the necessary wind) did not allow us to reach the record-breaking benefits of the snakes. But all the same, even though at a low height, in the distance, they overturned their constructive features.
Have 1938 r. near the village of Shcherbinka (the ninth place of the Moscow region) were carried out the II All-Union magic of box-shaped snakes, on which the constructions were shown, which were of vignatkovy interest. For example, Serpukhov's child of the snake station presented a snake of a modified design "Grund" with a load-bearing area of 20 m2. Zmіy pіdnіmav vantage weight up to 60 kg. A snake-parachute, a snake-glider and others were shown.
On the III All-Union zmagannya box-part snakes, which were used in 1939. in Serpukhov, a record was set for the flight of snakes to the height. Sonal serpent, constructing the Avіamodelist (as they were Nasivati Creative Snovyv) Thunder, Buv of Pidniye on the Time of 1550 m. Druz, the folds of the gorobchatikh Zmіyv Saratovsky Avaamodelist Grigorenko, Buvo of the Podsa of 1800 m. Grigorenko buv rewards for combat zastosuvannya box-parts of damaged snakes.
At the IV All-Union zmagannyah, the technical assistance to the design of the damaged snakes was clearly indicated. For example, the skin of the snake is to blame for the trimation of the wind when the wind speed is not more than 4-5 m / s near the ground, the area of the skin snake that you carry is to blame but not less than 5 m 2, the head area of the snake train is to blame more than 7 m / s, it is possible to increase the vantage with a weight of less than 80 kg. The number of visited snakes in May is not more than 10 pcs. The head serpent of the mother’s moment of the great square, the configuration of that serpent’s zabarvlennya is enough.
On the skin serpentine track, you can install various attachments and mechanisms, for example, "replacement of leafy leaves", building weights up to 2 kg, locks for folding the serpentine train (with a rail diameter of not less than 3 mm), attachment for aerial photography.
Behind the minds of the mind, the skin command is small to reveal the scenario of the fire, the process had to launch the snake train. In the scenario, you can turn on, for example, bombing, dropping "bombs" on a yakus, earlier planned a meta, picking up a "recovered landing" (dropping lyalok), driving on licks, transporting the wounded on a sleigh, like pulling snakes, sound, light and others see the signaling from the snake, the dropping of the report and the leaflets.
The magnifications were carried out on the height of the flight of a single snake, on the height of the launch of a kite train, on the maximum ventage capacity of a snake train, on the speed of folding that launch of a single kite.
For the sake of success, various additional work was done on the margins of the rich collectives of the group. For example, near Serpukhov Budinok, pioneering schoolchildren-aircraft modelers prepared a dynamometer for testing the medicality of the rail. A dynamometer, installed on a snake, with a critical voltage, turning on a red light bulb. At this team, the anemometer was prepared from the old alarm clock, and with the help of this device, the change in the strength of the wind was recorded.
The schoolchildren installed a barograph on the snake, an attachment for dropping to a given point of a single parachute parachutist or an unpaved landing party.
The young aircraft models of the Kolomna station of young technicians (Moscow region) induced the snake box parts with flints, which ensured the snake's great stability at a coolness of close to 50 °. Aircraft models of the Voronez station of young technicians were profiling the box parts of the snake.
Saratov aircraft models brought a snake pull from five box-shaped kites to the zmagannya. Leather snake weight up to 9 kg. The head serpent maw has a total area of 17 m2. A camera was installed on the serpentine train, which took 12 photographs. Potyag with help towing one lizhnik.
A team of Kyiv aircraft modelers brought a kite pull of six kites to the show. From this it is possible to throw off a large parachute parachute (up to 70 cm, with which the parachute canopy becomes 4 m in diameter).
Young aircraft models worked hard, got ready for new starts. Near Leningrad, on the city, there is a sign from the winding snakes of the curtains, 1941. We have seen over 150 participants.
After the Great Great Vitchiznyanoy war, there were no slogs.
Today's life of snakes cannot be of either defense or scientific significance. However, as simple as it is, to make it more accessible and hoarsely busy, the creation and launch of repeated snakes did not waste and waste value.
Behind the cordon, in front of the socialist lands, the wind of snakes is extremely popular among children and young people. They are especially crowded in Cuba. Often you can bachiti, like Cuban children, wind up on the beaches, do not separate from their favorite pastimes - snakes spread over the sea in the most intriguing design, most beautiful colors.
Seeing the serpent calling out the impersonal reception of emotions and feelings in the skin of a child who has grown up. Kozhen, who at least once launched a snake, himself for a long time remembers that he is hoarsely busy. It is impossible not to fall in love with the sight, if you show that it is not a snake to fly, launches by you, but you yourself.
The winding snake is the most important device in the world for winding up. The first riddles about snakes are dated to the 2nd century BC, when in Ancient China they were cut from roslin leaves with a bamboo frame. Well, it’s true, three times a year, if the Chinese have made shovk, the wine itself has become the main material for their cooking.
In China, there is a legend that if for a long time one great peasant worked near the field. Raptom povіyav vіter, and zletіv bamboo droplets from the head, ryatuvav yogo in the form of a burning sun. Ale vin caught the wickedness of її for the tasma and babbled, but the droplets still continued to widen high in the air. She herself became the prototype of the wounded snake.
Starting from the 2nd century A.D. And until this day, the Chinese will wield the Holy Dragon at the spring, if they launch the majestic tulubi from the sky with a paper with the head of a serpent, even the dragon itself in this country is honored as a symbol of the power of that prosperity. From China, it spread to Asia, Europe, America, and then to Australia. In Japan, the chantsi believed that the snakes stalked evil spirits, brought prosperity, and protected them from misfortune.
Winding snakes come in different forms, expanding that design - dragons, tigers, birds, blizzards, "musical" snakes - snakes can "sleep", the buds of empty bamboo clubs.
See the broken snakes:
- Parafoils (Parafoils) are a sprat on top, divided into clitins by vertical ribs. The most wide and simple of them - "wind socks" so the titles of socks that develop with the wind, turbines and banners.
- Delta kite (Delta) - advance for the width of the wind of the snake. The most simple design of this snake is a simple trick. With the launch of a correctly chosen design, it is possible to instill a child, to that the first snake of the good mother form itself.
- Rokakku (Rokakku) - are more stable and stronger, especially remember, if the wind speed is approaching critical for wind snakes. Whose sighted snakes will not require tails, so the presence of the tail to rob it is less maneuverable and more smooth in the air.
It's even easier to launch a wounded snake. The axis of the kіlka of the correct kroіv, as if you have a partner:
- Unwind the thread for 15 - 30 meters (Standard length of thread, as it is extended to a wound snake of 30 meters);
- Look after the wind (so that the thread repeats straight ahead to the wind);
- Tighten the thread and smiknіt for it or live.
The wind of the snake is a miraculous toy, to be merry with the windy day. The launch of repeated snakes is a complex of legal rights, if you can’t expect the daily counter-indications, for the coordination of movement, the development of respect and awareness.
Deyakі models of childish snakes can launch a child already at the age of 3rd rokіv. Ale, all the same, varto dotrimuvatisya the main foreign entrances. Choose a safe place to launch a snake, maybe a park or a square, a smut, maybe a open space without trees, a bud, a dart, a highway and a road.
In our days, the resurrection of snakes has gained popularity again. Tsya gra spryaє development of cunning, caution, as well as the accuracy of ruhіv. For another week, the All-World Day of the Flying Serpent is celebrated, and all amateurs launch their flying objects, various competitions and festivals are held, dedicated to the flying figures.
Іsnuє to learn a sport, to fight with flying snakes - kiting. The ancestor of the German Otto Lіlієnthal, which in 1891 the rozіg zmіg rises on the windy snake of the vlasnoї design. The same kind of sport was born, for which the athletes go over the territory for the help of the snakes.
One more kind of sport, called kitesurfing. The name speaks for itself: a surfer, who catches the wind, trying to shake the snakes, pretending to be a kite ngist. The wind of the snake here plays the role of a motor, which allows the athlete to gain greatness and speed of the root wind.
It’s easy to pick up a child’s bite of a snake, a lot of picking toys, like “ABtoys”, “Djeco”, “Moulin Roty”, “1TOY” and “Simba” to pronounce snakes to the fathers of snakes in different colors and different characters of cartoons or fairy tales.
Such tricks of the snake can be found in the store at a reasonable price, prote for professional use and tricks in the face of the stench are not suitable. And here it is necessary to choose professional trained snakes from specialized stores.
O.BULANOVA
Seeing snakes were in China even before historians began to write their chronicles. The first Chinese snakes began to work from bamboo and roslin leaves. After winemaking shovka in 2600 BC the Chinese began to rob the snakes from bamboo and seam.
In Chinese manuscripts, it is reported that snakes are used in the forms of birds, ribs, panicles, beetles, human figures, as if they were painted in naiaskravishi colors.
The largest type of Chinese serpent is the dragon, a fantastic winged serpent. The majestic dragon, which rises by the air, is a symbol of supernatural forces.
The Chinese folklore has a lot of stories about the fact that the snakes were launched as if they were pleased, so do it. Most of them were stabbed for military purposes. Why, the Chinese won victorious serpents in order to win between their own army and the walls of the enemy's castle.
Rozpovіdat, scho commander Han Xіn, makayuchis virtuosity of the emperor, launching a snake zі svogo encampment and dovzhinі hanks, naming the exact distance to the wall of the capital, which is lined, zavdyaky zumіv vlastuvati pіdkop.
Even for the help of the snakes, they raised roses to the sky - posterigachs.
There is a legend about those who have 202 p. BC General Huang Teng, that yogo army was sharpened by opponents and threatened the current situation. There are those who, with a vivacious blow in the wind, stared at the head of the general kapelyukh, and even before that, the idea came up of creating a great number of struck snakes, equipped with sound outbuildings.
From the Chinese chronicles, the Chinese emperor Liu Bang launched taxation over the camp of rebels near his capital. Invisibly at night, serpents, provided with whistles, saw terrible sounds, demoralizing the soldiers of the enemy.
In the dead of night, the serpents flew right over the heads of the enemy army, yak, sensing a mysterious curl in the sky, panicked and flowed in.
However, Pivdenno-Skhіdnіy Asia and New Zealand appendages, which, in spite of being wide in the air, may have been invented independently from China. Yogo was sprouted from a palm leaf and victorious in fishing, lifting up to a thread of tack, which spread over the water. In addition, vin zastosovuvavsya villagers like a city lacquer.
Do not forget about the religious significance of the snakes: in most cultures of the Far Descent, the thread that goes to heaven served as a symbol of the link with the gods of the wind and the souls of the ancestors. In Thailand, there is little to build monsoon boards.
At VII Art. Possibly, the stench was brought to the country by Buddhist missionaries in ancient times, close to 618-907 rr.
In Japan, the new snakes became popular, youmu began to take the form of a crane, ribey, turtle. The serpents began to appear like barvisto-farmed canvases.
On the ancient Japanese little ones, one can also see the images of the repeated snakes, as the shape of the Chinese ones significantly trembled.
Seeing snakes in this country served as a happy lanka between people and gods. Zmіїv were launched in order to excite evil forces, to protect themselves from misfortune, to secure a good harvest and health.
Rozpovіdі about those, yak tsі pristroї pіdnіmali poіtrya "zhartіvniki" budіvelnі materials and inspire people, even numerically. For example, the samurai Tamemoto was sent at once from the sin of messages to the island of Hatidze. Tsei Japanese Daedalus arguing for a gigantic serpent strike, on what a yogo syn zum is seen from the island.
The plot, perhaps, is kazkovy, prote historically zasvіdchenі serpent “Van-Van” with wingspan of 24 m and tail length of 146 m.
In India, the battles of snakes have become popular, the stink and at the same time, at the hour of the holy Makar Sankrant, they take the majestic Yurby of the peeps.
Widely wide-spread snakes nabula near Korea. At the beginning of their zastosuvannya there is little purely religious character, and then the launch of snakes, becoming a hoary species, will occupy and species.
In Malaysia, the appearance of snakes was also popular. The typical Malay snake rattle has the shape of a curvilinear symmetrical tricot. The frame of the yoga is made up of three rods, which are tinted, the close-fitting is made of coarse fabrics.
In Europe, zrozumіlo, there are also few reports about the rising power of the wind. Singingly, the Greek sailors repeatedly saw the breeze and fluttered in the air, while the Roman sailors simply blew the drops, and the vin zlіtav on the tasmkas.
Such special guilt is not necessary for the creation of a broken snake. And yet, the fact is overshadowed by the fact: the only thing Zahid came up with was a “dragon” (a Greek word that meant a snake).
So approximately 100 rubles. not. they called the Roman cavalry ensign in the form of a daily net for blizzards, less reliable. "Dragon" puffed up into the wind (instructing the archers yogo directly), ringing and whistling the opponent. The falling cylindrical tail of the weather vane from the fabric, which rings like a dragon's coat, slapping the tops of the upliftment in itself and creating an intimidating look, which slapped the fear of the enemy.
Also, the weather vanes showed the archers directly that force to the wind. But a short tree is the price of a thread, so don't go uphill. Paired with similar masterpieces, the idea of the “dragon” should be considered more mundane.
Vzagali Well, zgіdno z evropeiskim traditions, wines of repeated snakes are attributed to the Greek mathematician Arkitas Tarentsky, which is close to 400 rubles. BC constructing a wooden bird, living out the benefits of birds. It is important that yoga, having puffed up the bow of the Chinese snake, is a bird.
Tsіkavі old-fashioned records about the first practical zastosuvannya povitryanyh snakes, one of them says that in the IX century. the Byzantines lifted nothing on the serpent of the warrior, which from the heights threw the fiery speech at the fortune-teller's camp.
At 906 p. Prince Oleg of Kiev scurried over with snakes at the hour of the capture of Tsargorod. The chronicler seems to say that “the horses and the people of paper, gilded and gilded” appeared over the gate at the window.
And in 1066, Wilhelm the Conqueror victorist stole snakes for the military signaling in native England. But, unfortunately, about the shape of the ancient European snakes, about their constructive power and strength, the annual tribute was not saved.
With the spreading snake of fellow countrymen, I knew the nevgamovny Marco Polo, who turned to China in 1295. The toy was worthy, but did not become popular. The first (unfinished) European baby snake of the "Thai cobra" type is dated to 1326.
In 1405 p. the first correct description of the stricken snake is found in the treatise on military technology. And in the picture of 1618, which depicts the life of the Dutch Middelburg, we are the boys, like they launch snakes in the familiar to us and today's rhomboid shape.
Ale lisher until the 17th century. povitryany zmії became the most famous phenomenon in Europe. At the beginning of the XVIII century. zahoplennya launch potryanyh snakes was already extremely popular. Seen snakes victorious at the bewitching sights of those shows, and not only an innocent toy for children.
In this way, in Europe, the subject does not have any mystical or religious significance. Then, having added science, it’s true, not once. In 1749 p. Scottish meteorologist Oleksandr Wilson raised a thermometer to a height of 3,000 feet.
Three years later, Benjamin Franklin at Philadelphia, setting up a famous experiment with electricity: at the hour of a thunderstorm, launching a snake with a dart attached to the new one. When I saw the board, everything got wet at once. Result: the metal key in Franklin's hands was twisted. Vіdkrivshi behind the help of the snake the electric nature of the bliskavka, Franklin vinaishov bliskavkovіdvіd.
Povіtryany zmії zastosovulysya atmospheric electricity by the great Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov and English physicist Isaac Newton.
Newton, when he was a schoolboy, conducted a sprinkling of virtually unrecorded experiments on the most forgiving form of the used snake.
In 1826 p. George Pocock patented a vіzok, scho collapsed in the wake of the snake: it developed a speed of up to 30 km / year, and Pocock lakav villagers, roz'їzhayuchi on the outskirts of Bristol on a cart without horses.
In 1847, when they stretched the crossing over the Niagara Falls, the first skein from coast to coast (250 m) was thrown behind the help of a wounded snake.
A lot of other ideas were blamed: for example, victorious snakes for a bunch of people from the ship. Doslidniki robbed impersonal experiments caused by strong vantages, as well as people. Beginning in 1894 resurrecting snakes systematically zastosovuєtsya for vyvchennya upper spheres of the atmosphere.
Significantly improved the snake by robbing the Australian teachings of Lawrence Hargrave in the 90s. XIX Art. In 1893 p. Hargrave made a snake like a box without a bottom. This was the first important thorough construction from the most recent hours.
Hargrave's flying boxes turned out to be like a great post at the designs of the “serpentine” craft, and, no doubt, they helped to construct the first flyings.
But the era of aeroplanes began without a hitch and people started talking about snakes. At some point, both light warriors were victorious - on the underwater chandeliers for a better look, and at the ritual sets of pilots for lifting the antenna of the radio receiver.
Widespread zastosuvannya visits snakes know at the meteorological observatories of Nimechchina, France and Japan. 3mey rise to a great height.
For example, in the observatory of Linderberg (Nimechchyna) they reached the height of an inverted snake greater than 7000 m.
The first radio communication across the Atlantic Ocean was used for the help of a box snake. Italian engineer G. Marconi, having launched in 1901. on the island of New Foundlen there was a great serpent, like a flyer on a dart, which served as a primal antenna.
At the beginning of the XX century. the work on the snakes was carried out by the captain of the French army Saccony. Vіn having created more thoroughly the design of the crossed snake, which is one of the best and dosi.
The new life of the winded snake began in the 50s, if Francis Rogallo vines the design without crossbeams - spread out in the wind. Tse buv paraglider, erasing the line between a parachute, a hang glider and a snake.
The art of giving presents is one of the most important figures of human supremacy. A gift is a sign of our appointment to those close to us and friends. Gifts are made with their own hands, do not overlook the great material vitrates, but in the skin of them the generosity of the soul is reflected, tremblingly placed before the people, for which, with love, they created the only souvenir from their kind. As you can see, the most important recipients of gifts are children. Skіlki zahoplennya deliver їі іgіrі, especially as the stench іnѕtіchіnі, іt, іt іnshі іnshі.
Hypothesis: how to make a present for a young brother, do not climb up to the father's gamants?
Climate with. Pavlofedorivka.
The village of Palofedorovka of the Kirovsky district is located near the central part of the Primorsky Territory. The climate is calm and monsoonal, with frosty winters (in winter - 25-40 ° C) and hot wet summers (in linden +25 ° +30 °). The average wind speed is 2.9 m.
Wind speed for optimal launch of the wind snake:
1-2 m / s: only light winds of the snake light;
2–4 m/s: good wind for beginners;
4-8 m / s: miraculous mind for the flight of a winded snake, be it a design;
8–11 m/s: good wind for fakhіvtsіv. Be respectful;
11-14 m/s: only for specialists.
To that, as a gift-surprise for my brother, I stole a broken snake.
Objective: to prepare a fire snake until 05/12/2014. (Brother's Day 20.05)
Know on the Internet layouts and armchairs of the simplest touched snakes;
Significantly, what materials are needed for the preparation of a rubbed snake in household minds;
Enlist the help of a tata to prepare for the launch of a snake (z'yasuvati, and what can you do to start a fire?);
Prepare a wounded snake;
launch a winded snake, regulate it;
Give a gift to the brothers.
main part
1. The design of the wind snake.
A winding snake is a tethered lethal device important for winding up. It is lifted by a strong wind on the surface, placed under a deaky hood until the wind blows straight ahead and is trimmed with a rail from the earth.
1.1. Classification
Behind the shape of that vlastuvannya aerodynamic surfaces are distinguished:
One-planar - the simplest constructions. There is a slight increase in strength and a small wind resistance. For such snakes, a tail is used for binding - a cord attached to a new weight.
Rich flats - superficial, box-parts and bagatoo-medium with okremi seredkіv in the form of tetrahedrons or parallelepipedіv. An important їhnoy osoblіstyu є vsoka stіykіst.
Warehouses are grouped, which are formed from a group of wounded snakes.
1.2. The main structural elements of the wind snake:
It is stretched on a zhorstky frame, or soft, without a frame, which supports (aerodynamic) surface from matter, or paper;
To be wound on a winch or a spool of rope (spinning spool, steel cable, metal thread);
A bridle for fastening to a winding snake of a leier and an organic stamina (tail).
1.3. Safety stability.
1.3.1. Late stability is ensured by the tail or by the shape of the aerodynamic surface;
1.3.2. Transverse - keel planes, which are installed parallel to the tether rope, or the curvature and symmetry of the aerodynamic surface.
1.3.3. Stіykіst polotu povіtryanogo zmіya to lie down is also the position of the center of gravity of the serpent.
1.4. See the broken snakes:
Flat snake;
Box part snake.
2. Preparation of the turned snake "Monk"
The simplest touch of the snake is "chenets". Yogo is made from a square sheet of paper paper. "Monk" is composed of a hull, tracks, tail and thread, which can be launched for help.
2.1. Order of preparation
2.1.1. From the paper, cut a square with a side of 15-20 cm. Yogo kuti is called A, B, C, D.
2.1.2. Arcush bend diagonally AC. Iron the zagin with an onslaught, so that you could clearly see the new one on the arch.
2.1.3. Bend the coddle with the top B so that the side AB goes up with the side AC.
2.1.4. Now turn the workpiece over to the next side and, in the same way, bend the arcus with the top D, the side AD is guilty of joining the line AC. All zagini proprasuvat praskoy.
2.1.5. Kutnik arkush with vertices B and D is curved on both sides EB and E'B with sides AE and AE'.
2.1.6. Once again, propasuvat all the dust and open the leaf. Viyshov Corps "chentsya". Yogo krilltsya BFE and DF'E' are guilty buti roared at the side of the cut.
2.1.7. At points F and F’ and at points C on the body, there are small openings so that you can attach paths. For this one, 2 min threads are needed. Їх dovzhina is guilty of dorivnyuvati high trikutnik FAF'.
2.1.8. Attach a tail in the opening at point C. It can be made from sashes or stitches with a width of 1.5-2 cm. Stitch the stitch in preparation for opening, fold over and sew along the edges with threads.
2.1.9. Fasten the thread to launch the snake. Vaughn priyazuetsya to the fetters exactly by
mid. It is the mother's responsibility to finish the thread of a great dovzhina, rather than wind it on a spool, then it will be richer to launch the snake.
2.1.10. The finished snake can be painted or glued with different appliqués, which will look even more beautiful.
Final preparation for the "Monk" corps.
Fastening put that tail "Monk"
2.2. Trial run
2.2.1. To change my mind, what a good snake, I made a trial run. They launched a snake, out of that, in the open space, where there were no high-rise buildings, trees, and power lines nearby.
2.2.2. Tato trimmed the snake, and saw against the wind at a distance of 10-15 m, step by step releasing the ladder. Behind my clever sign, tato, having thrown the snake up the hill. The weather was windy, then the wine was suddenly angry.
2.2.3. When the wind was weak, I had a chance to walk through the air, so that the snake gained height. If you become kindly trimmed in the air, you let the thread step by step, and zmіy zlіtayuchi, quickly picking up your height and steadily widening, waving lightly in the field from the side to the beak. Come out, mi yogo was killed correctly.
2.3. Principle dії
Seeing the snake rises at the wind of the wind, the wind blows.
2.3.1. To tie the snake by thread and tie them together until all the winds of the snake, you won’t fly to wind up for a strong wind. On the right, in the fact that the serpentine thread will again be evenly embossed like on the surface of the snake, so are the threads tied along the coils.
2.3.2. As soon as there are less than three threads z chotirioh, then under an hour the serpent's rush will roam under a small kut to the ground - "the kut of the attack." The strength of the support to pull the snake back and shake it up from the air. The lifting force is defined in the face of the dekilkom by the values: "the edge of the attack", the grip of the serpentine wind and the snake's size.
2.3.3. The center of gravity of the snake is guilty of rotting on the axis of its symmetry - the posterior line of the body of the snake, as if it were moving on two equal parts.
2.3.4. Ways, or slings, as if attached to a snake to secure youmu kuta attacks, are due to butiretelly bred along the dozhina and attached to the body in singing places. As a rule, destroy the rule, vin or vzagali do not rise in turn, or nasty litatime, waggling from side to side.
2.3.5. The tail of the snake also plays a great role. Not so embellishment of the structure, like attachment, is recognized for its management. If the tail of the snake is improperly adjusted, then we should not fly, otherwise it’s unsettling.
2.4. Possibly short
2.4.1. Zmіy at start to spin right-handed or left-handed. Tse means that the thread is attached above the middle.
2.4.2. As soon as the adoption of this little “black man” continues to spin, it is necessary to turn respect for one’s tail - wine, or more small, or more light. It’s even easier to reverse it: tie a bunch of grass to a new one, or a triska - like a snake vibrating its head, then the tail needs to be pulled down. The second way out of the situation will be to attach different embellishments to look like bows, panicles, pompons.
2.4.3. With such a heavy tail, the snake is nastyly golden and gaining height. In this way, it is necessary to lighten the tail, having pierced a small little piece, or tidying up the embellishment.
3. Preparation of a flat wind snake
The flat serpent can fold the construction against the monk”. Behind the shape, they distinguish snakes like a straight cut, an equal-femoral tricot, a regular chi buckled bagatokutnik and others.
The main details of a flat snake: body, knot, tail, threads (cord). For the bazhannya of the snake, you can secure a trifle.
3.1. Rozrahunok of a flat wind snake
The snake has a square shape, all the sides of its body are straight, equal. In the case of a snake, the smaller side of the body is responsible for becoming 3/4 of the larger side. In the snake, at the look of the equal-femoral tricot, the dozhina of the th corps is due to buti approximately twice as much for the yogo width (the base of the th tricutnik). At the snakes, there are vyglyady vityagnuty five or six-curved sides on the side of the dove to add to the width of the body. Dovzhina corps slacken at the second time more than 100 th width.
Forms of flat snakes
Spіvvіdnoshnja rozmіrіv
3.2. The hull of a flat-paneled snake is made up of a light wooden frame and sheathing. Materials for the preparation of the frame: willow manhole (rods), stems of the outline, thin slats from bamboo, shingles from pine, birch, linden, and best of all glazing beads. I vicorated the staples.
3.3. For these dimensions, I sawed the skin and glued the slats to the body on it. Laths are glued onto the cob along the edges of the skin, and then on the laths, so that they intersect. Glue zastosovuvala nayriznomanichiy: carpentry, kazeinovy, BF and other. The ends of the slats protrude beyond the edges of the sheathing by 3-4 cm. On all the corners of the body, the slats, which intersect, are tied with threads.
Folding body
3.4. If the hull is dry, the AB rail is bent, overlaying the lining on the outer side, and fixing this bend behind an additional thread, stretched between the bends of the bent rail
3.5. On a thread that is tight, you can put a tricot. At the hour of the flight of the snake, under the influx of repeated streams, the tremble will wrap around on the fastened thread and tremble. Behind the roses, the trifle can be prepared so that, wrapping around, it doesn’t snitch on the body of the snake.
3.6. A thread of such a length was tied to the hull of the body in places (points A and B) so that the middle of the thread, when stretched, reached the center of the body of the snake at point O. So we take away the upper slings.
3.7. Potim at the point About the body I pierced two openings (on the sides of the sheet the peretina of the central slats), in the opening I held a thread and tied the slats tightly. Dovzhina tsієї lower slings dorovnyuє vіdstanі on the body from the point to the middle of the rail AB. Having tied the lower sling in the middle of the upper one, she took off the tie. At the point of launch, the sling tied the cord for launch. The paths to the hull of the snake creaked from the side of the skin, so that the winds, when the snake was pouring, pressed the skin to the rails glued to the hull.
3.8. Tail ready.
The tail is folded from the hair of the tail and the tail, for which a tasma will be needed, or a pair of additional fabric with a width of 1.5-2 cm. I sewed a tail to the middle of the pіdkhvіstka. The halves of the tail of the SM and DM are equal, otherwise the snake will be spinning around the pole.
3.9. Regulation of the snake.
Like a snake, it doesn’t shine, but it shines, but it doesn’t gain height - again, an important yogo tail. It is necessary to shorten the tail of your tail.
Well, after the shortening of the tail of the snake, all the same, you do not gain height, then change the length of the lower sling of the fetters.
Like when the snake is flying to the right, then to the left it is necessary to turn over the evenness of the dozhins of the upper slings and the tail. Yakscho here everything is harazd - it means that the tail is small.
For re-wiring, she tied a small bunch of dry grass to the tail. Diishla visnovka: as soon as the next snake starts to gain height more quickly and do not spin in the field, it is necessary to take this additional vantage and pull up the tail. With proper regulation, the serpent is guilty of good zlitat, quickly gain height and go far, unravel threads in the world, de vine starts. At the same time, parity at the height, lightly waggling from side to side. Threads for the preparation of the way through the fault of buti mіtsnimi, otherwise, under the onslaught of the wind, the serpent will simply be blown away. Ways and tails for flat snakes in other forms should be swayed in the same way.
Possibly decorated with a snake.
Possibility of decorating a snake
4. Come in later
4.1. Don't start the winding snakes of the electric power lines.
Electricity wires are not safe for life. Electricity that passes through our body into the ground can cause death.
4.2. Never let the snakes fly under the hour of a thunderstorm.
Seeing the snake, launching under the hour of a thunderstorm, you can turn a bliskavka to yourself and become a bliskavkovіvodom. Surely you can survive.
4.3. No way to launch the repeated snakes in order from people and creatures.
Tse mozhe nalyakat like people, creatures. Even more watch out for the dogs, if the stench chases after the broken snake, but sooner the wind will become weak and the dog, having drunk the snake, will wear the mustache of your work.
4.4. No one should launch air strikes at airports.
In rich lands, in the whole world, robiti is fenced. Near Pvnіchnіy Ameritsі, for example, the launch of airborne snakes was blocked closer, lower than 6-10 km to the airports.
4.5. Wear sun protection eyepieces on sleepy days.
A long influx of sleepy shifts can hurt the unprotected eyes. Always wear sun protection eyepieces, if you start on a sleepy day, then you won’t stand up to the faces until sun. Also, do not forget to apply a cream like a smear to protect your skin.
4.6. Never launch a winding snake over a highway.
Seeing snakes can turn drivers into cars, which can cause an accident. Roads for cars, parks and beaches for windy snakes.
5. Trochs of history
Look at the snakes - tse, singsongly, the most lethal devices, wake up at the front of the people for a thousand years. The first to learn to work were the ancient Chinese and Japanese. Barvystі povitryanі zmії vikoristovuvalis to embellish the holy. They gave a look of birds, blizzards or non-flying animals, and especially looking at a dragon, which flies, which is respected at the Descent as a symbol of power and prosperity.
In Russia, the ancient toy was not just for fun. So, for example, the Kievan prince Oleg, going to war against Tsargorod in 906, beaten up snakes to zalyakuvannya the enemy. Together with people, to storm the place, the army of hordes of defeated "verticers" and "horses" were destroyed, so that the masculinity of the defenders of Tsargorod was kidnapped.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the serpents of the Daedals were often victorious for practical purposes. The stench was stagnant for a day in the field of meteorological devices, radio antennas, devices for aerial photography. In this state of mind, people were put into service in such a way as to turn up the snakes, like the simplicity of the design, to achieve great vantageopidyomnist, high, like the stench of the building rises.
The winds of the snakes made their deposit at the radio station. A.S. Popov vikoristovuvav serpent for the rise of the antennas to a significant height.
It is important to note the victoriousness of the broken snakes at the hour of the opening of the first letaks. Zokrema, A.F. Mozhaysky, first of all, spoke about the life of his flyer, having tested a series of tests against the snakes, like a team of horses. On the basis of the results of their testing, they were able to find out the litak, as if they were guilty, to secure sufficient pidomnu force.
In 1848 p. K.I. Konstantinov, having developed the system of ordering ships, yakі know the dashing near the shore, for the help of the snakes. At the hour of the first night of light in the different lands, snakes were planted for the rise of posterigachiv-koriguvalnikiv artillery fire, rozvydka of fortune-telling positions.
With the development of povitroplavnyh and aviation lethal devices, they began to zastosovuvat exclusively in rozvazhalnyh and sporting purposes.
The rest of the roses took away the ranks of piloting snakes - redistribution of snakes of a special form, ceramics with the help of two leiers. Pilotage serpent, on the vіdmіnu vіd be-anything else, building up to free planning in a povіtry, which will secure yogo especially power. The stench is designated for vikonannya to the complex of piloting figures of different folding. Also, kiting is developing - a kind of sport, for which an athlete goes on a journey with the help of a snake.
The hanging of the winded serpent allows vicoristing the inaccessible traditional window of opportunity:
Another week of life is World Kite Day, on which day lovers of kites from all over the world launch their flying “vihovants”.
6. Visnovok
In the course of the work, I learned a lot of new things about seeing the snake. Slowly, she made a present for her beloved brother. I knew all the necessary materials at home. And if I succumbed to the joy of my brother, like a trim for a thread of a snake, like a zlіtav in the gloom, I realized that I worked hard. Behind my armchairs, five classmates prepared kites and ruled over me in battles. A friend has a week away - our family will now have one more holy miracle - the All-World Day of the Seen Serpents.
7. Literature
- L.B. Bernstein "Science and Life", No. 11, pages 59-64.
- M.I. Bludov. "Explore physics". Osvita”, 1964.
- F.D. Bubleiniki "About Rukh" Detgiz. 1956.
- M.Ivanovsky "Law the Rukh", 1957.
- N.Ya.Vilenkin "Mathematics 6th grade".
- Ya.N Perelman "Cicava physics".
- N.A. Sarafanova. Gifts to St. Light of the book. 2004 rec.
- Internet resources.
Possibly, kites first appeared at Micronesia, Polynesia and Melanesia. There dosi kayti, prepared from the leaves, traditionally vicarious for fishing. A fisherman in a canoe rowed himself off the coast with a kite to fly high above the water. In the kite, there is a motuzka with accessories, prepared with cobwebs, to drag along the water. The light of the kite is guessing a great bird that suits, and the bait is a small flying fish. Tse add a small mouthful of small (ale savory) fish-head, as if attacking the bait, and get lost in the cobwebs. The fisherman winds the spool, takes the fish, and launches the kite again. A good angler for the help of one kite and bait can catch a chimalo ribey.
The Polynesians have a myth about two brothers - gods, like they threw a kite to people, then the stench started a kite duel between themselves. Help brother lift your kite higher than brother's kite. Dosi on the islands of Polynesia are carried out magic, where the most flying kite is dedicated to the gods.
The exact date of the appearance of the kite is unknown, but it is important that the snakes were launched over China over 3,000 years ago, which was confirmed by archaeologists, as they knew the remains of an ancient artifact! Materials were found, from which stinks were prepared: a bamboo stump and a seam for a glass, a hank. But it’s amazing that earlier models were made from paper!
Zgіdno z evropejskim іstorichnymi sensitive, in Єvropі vinahіd vіtryanyh serpents ascribed to the Greek scientist, the philosopher Archit (Archytas), which is close to 400 BC. constructing a wooden bird, grounded on the legacy of the birds. It was called "mechanical dove".
At 200 r. BC Chinese General Han Qin from the Han Dynasty, launching a kite over the walls of the place overlaid with it, with a method of assessing how far it would take the tunnel to go behind the defensive lava, looking out for the reaction of the rest. Otrimavshi tsyu іnformatsiyu, vіn successfully zdіysniv svіy zadum, forcing the enemy znenatska.
Early Chinese kites were far from being toys, kites were designated for military purposes. Historical chronicles bear witness that the stench was a great expansion. Deyakі from them were zdatnі pіdnіmati in the line of people to watch over the opponent's overdressing, and others victorious for circulating propaganda leaflets over the ranks of the prophets. Zgіdno with the book “Chronicle of Divnih Podіy”, if the Emperor Xiao Yan of the Lian dynasty was exiled by the rebels under the wire of Hou Jing, the city of Taicheng, after the help of the kite sent a signal from the prohanny about help.
There is a legend about those who in the 202nd roci before ours, General Huang Teng, that yogo army were sharpened by opponents, and they threatened the new state of being. There are those who, with a vivacious blow in the wind, stared at the head of the general kapelyukh, and even before that, the idea came up of creating a great number of struck snakes, equipped with sound outbuildings. Look at the snakes were crushed from bamboo, paper and seam. In the dead of night, the snakes were flying right over the heads of the opposing army, yak, feeling the enigmatic curling in the sky, glaring with the wrath of the "gods" they flew from the battlefield!
During the hours of the Tan Dynasty, pieces of bamboo began to be added to the kites. At the polly stink they began to vibrate and ring like a stringed instrument (Chinese "Zhen"). From that time on, people around China began to call “Fen Zhen”, that is “strings of the wind”. Today, in some regions of the country, on the kayti, strings of seams or gums are attached, which, under the gust of wind, one sees a ring that is receptive to hearing.
An old Chinese chronicle has a record about the mandarin Wang Gu, an enthusiastic snake-rocket launcher. Vіn prompted two great fires of "serpents" with 47 missiles, and added a seat between them. Sivshi on the new one, having punished the servants with firing rockets and ... angry at the outside. Ale is not in that sensi angry that he flew, but in that he swayed. Let the tangerine be reckless, ale vin be beautiful in his recklessness, in his impatient bazhann, rise into the sky even on the wind of the snake. I people did not forget Wang Gu. A crater was named after him, which was seen by the Radian automatic station "Zond-3" at the turn of the Moon. May lie exactly at the center of the monthly disk invisible to us.
The culture of piloting snakes for additional traders expanded in the shores of Japan, Korea and India, de nabula of its own specific and cultural features. Close to the year 600, for the reign of the Korean Silla dynasty, General Jim Yu Sin, ordered his soldiers to be strangled and stabbed to death. However, you were reminded of yogo vikonuvati, to that not long before they shot a comet in the sky, and they sprinkled the same filthy sign. In order to reinforce the army's ferocity, the general went into offensive cunning: he launched a cannonball on the kite, imitating the "turning" of the comet. The soldiers, poachivshi, rushed into battle and defeated the rebels.
In Japan, kaiti Bulo was brought in by Buddhist chants. The stench victoriously beat them to ward off evil spirits, and they obtained rich harvests. In the period of the reign of the Edo dynasty, piloting kites gained Japan an over-the-top popularity. First, the Japanese, lower than the samurai class, were allowed to launch snakes. The city administration of Edo (Ninish Tokyo) unsuccessfully tried to encourage the population due to the “general hoarding, which is fatally influencing the work”. To learn from modern Japanese language is also understood as “shifting on kites” or “kaito-maniac”. The story is told the same way. Close to 300 years ago, one adventurer tried to fly for the help of the great snake on the dachas of the Nagoya castle and steal a statue of gold from it. I didn’t get away from you, ale vin zirvav from it a sprat of golden little grass. The Deputy of Movcha, vіn non-tonally boasting about his zukhvala winding. For what, nareshti, buv shopleni i suvoro retributions. Vіn ta yoga sіm'ya buli zvarenі in oil.
Irrespective of those that the Japanese are far too fond of Chinese culture, modern kite design and kite traditions are already being revisited. So, from the most recent hours, the stench victorious kaiti for daily practical purposes. For example, during the life of the tombs and temples, great kayti were made for raising tiles and other materials on the ground.
In Japan, the "golden centuries" of the serpents are truly respected by the Heian period (1603-1868). Until this hour, the prices on the papyrus were so high that only the rising camp could allow themselves to roam with the stricken snakes. It was also important that snakes could spawn evil spirits. For whom demons were depicted on them, the appearances of which were often embellished with long hanging tongues.
The first riddle about the Russian appearance of the snake appeared in the chronicle, describing the story of Russian history. At 906 p. Prince Oleg of Kiev, at the oblogue of Tsargorod (Constantinople), victorious for zalyakuvannya the enemy raised at the front "horses and people of paper, ozbroєnih that messages", tobto 1000 dollars. figured snakes.
105 roci n. the Romans launched embellished fabric weathercocks like military ensigns (they are often called wind shackles). Sound the stench in the form of a boule similar to the writhing creatures with wide, open mouths and climbed on the poles, which allowed the winded snake to drink in the streams of wind. The falling cylindrical tail of such a worn-out snake made of fabric that calls like a snake’s coat, giving the “serpents” nazniks a sense of self and creating a terrible look, like a building to bring fear to the enemy. On top of that, similarly, the snakes showed the archers straight ahead and the strength of the wind. Tsіkavі records in the old Byzantine manuscripts tell about the practical zastosuvannya of the struck snakes for the military purposes. So, in one of them it is said that in the IX century. the Byzantines lifted nothing on the serpent of the warrior, which from the heights threw the fiery speech at the fortune-teller's camp. In the book of Voltaire Melime, "Nobіlіtatibus", (1346) there are illustrations, on which different "wind-blown bears" (shkarpets) are depicted for bombing nuclei with the method of slaking the enemy. Like a bachimo from another book - "Roquel de Machines", 1430, author Konrad Kisser - after the evolution, the snakes began to make a long flat kite. Whose dragon that flies, and spreading throughout Europe.
The earliest evidence for the use of the Indian kite can be found on painted miniatures dated to the period of the Mughal rule, close to 1500 BC. Beloved by this theme, a young man, like a master, piloted a snake for throwing a message to his kokhanoy, as if he were resting under the best home arrest.
Marco Polo delivering stories about kiting to Europe like the 13th century. At the 15th century by Leonardo Da Vinci, as part of the paratroopers' parade, experimenting with kites. Vin rozrorobiv system z'ednannya dvoh urvish gorge behind the help kite, scho was put into practice in a hundred years at the bridge of Niagara Falls. In 1756 p. the famous mathematician L. Euler wrote the following lines: “Remember the snake, this is a toy for children, as if you don’t care about them, you can, however, think deeply about yourself.” In the 18th -19th centuries, kaiti began to emerge as transport tools and practical tools in scientific research. People like Benjamin Franklin and Alexander Wilson trumpeted their knowledge of kiting for the wind that weather. George Keilly, Samuel Langley, Lawrence Hargrave, Alexander Bell, and the Wright brothers - all experimented with kites, and made their contribution to the development of light industry. The US Weather Service launched kites, designed by William Eddy and Lawrence Hargrave, to fly around the meteorological equipment and photographic equipment. Mikhaylo Lomonosov also saw the wind of the snakes - for the winding of electricity in the atmosphere. Yogo's successor Georg Wilhelm Richman, on the eve of such an accomplishment on the 26th of March 1753, after being killed by a discharge of atmospheric electricity. Lomonosov, however, after he dared to continue his legacy. At that time, snakes were flat, not narrower than stalk, although they robbed them for scientific purposes of significant dimensions, the area of which was a sprat of square meters.
One of the most interesting hits of towing kites were the ones of school teacher George Pocock. At 1822 p. Vіn vykoristav a couple of kites for the traction of the stroller at a speed of about 20 miles / year. Deyakі z yogo kite trips, as recorded in the documents, revisited 100 miles. And the shards of the road for that hour were taken from the cost of the number of horses for one wagon, then without paying anything. At 1844 p. Swiss Per'e Ador, experimenting with kites, developed the following system: a kite (bamboo and canvas), 300 m winder and an automatic system of cable kites. The cats were filled with fruits and quilts, pulled up on a moto to the kites, and not reaching 2-3 m to them, sighed and fell down to the ground for the help of a parashutik in the garden of someone I know. Get the original way to make gifts for your friends. Yogo's cousin and doctor of that hour, Jean Colladon, was infected by his relative's sloppy experiments, having invented his own drawing: pidyom at the door for help kite dummy, what to sit on the stiltse. Mannequin in human size buv stuffed with eider down and weighing 6 kg. Zdivuvannya residents of Geneva was not interі.
In 1847, the city of Niagara Falls was disturbed by the misfortunes of the city of Niagara Falls, which caused the Canadian and American coasts. The technology of everyday life stinks of the bridge, but they couldn’t figure out how to throw the most important, even more important, bell-shaped link between the shores. Steep strimchaks, straining stirrups, cold whirling winds and ice-cold did not give the ability to reach the splendid method of laying the bellows in such a time. To my mind, Leonardo Da Vinci's idea about vikoristannya for these purposes kites fell asleep on the thought. A lot of samples were crushed, but only one person left - the 10-year-old boy, Homan Walsh. First, young Homan, had a chance to drag the river down behind the current on the porom, in order to cross over to the Canadian side, the stars of the wind were overwhelmed. The engineer showed you the need for a skeleton, the lads launched their kite and slowly began to unwind the bike after him. It would be better, everything is simpler. The kite proudly rises at the height, at sunset the wind falls, and the kite descends to the ground. Ale first, the test did not go: the wind did not weaken over the evening, as it lay for you, and the kite did not sit through it, and if you hit the wind in the middle of the night, the windmill, which caught falling down, appeared worn out by the ice. Zagalom, the boys had a chance to cross back to the other shore and repair their kite, and then after 8 days, through the motor ice. Yogo's fathers, obviously, were terribly dissatisfied with the fact that the child was disappearing indefinitely. Ale friend, the test passed with a sly success. After the kite skeins were fixed on the other birch, more and more skeins began to be fed along them, until they reached the steel cable on the right, which was necessary for the life of the bridge. For all his achievements, the lad was rewarded with a penny prize of 10 dollars. At that hour - great pennies.
Since 1850, various kite-cable-koshinkov systems have begun to develop for the order of people from ships, who know the trouble, in the immediate vicinity of the coast. There is a “transporter” kite on the mooring rope of Captain Brock (1851), a kite of Lieutenant George Nare (1861), and a 4-line Esterno kite (1883). Cicavi experiments were carried out in New York in 1892. It was a method to bring out what you can kite from the ship, what you know is dashing, up to 1200 m from the coast, for the alignment of the ritual line. The author of the project, Woodbridge Device, confirmed that all that is needed is to take a foldable kite on board the ship, specially trained for it by sailors. He had a special keratinization, in the form of a six-pointed star, a different kite for delivering the pitting rope to the shore.
Particularly active were the robots with snakes in Russia. They construct a lot of achievements, and we are ahead of the talented winemaker S.S. Nezhdanivsky. Vіn being great serpents, yakі vіznyalis marvelous stіykіstyu and garnoy vantazhopіyomnіstyu. The teachings of the famous Russian scientist Mikoli Egorovich Zhukovsky, Professor S.A. Chapligin, thinking about the appearance of Nezhdanivsky's snakes, wrote on the cob of our century that the stench was absolutely similar to the shape of their wings with the worst tailless airplanes and gliders, but there were more vertical planes. Academician Euler: the snake is not a toy. Vernishe, not less than a toy. From yoga, with the help of a distance, we took away rich brown information and about the atmosphere of Budov, and ruh tіl at the window. In 1898, Russian sailor S.A. Ulyanin propagated the cicada project of the “snake train”, so that they could raise the scientific equipment from the posters. Vin having invented vicoristovuvat for whom not one majestic serpent, but a whole zvyazku їх. Launched at once, on one cable, the stench created no less than the necessary support force, and they ensured great safety. If one or two snakes, for some reason, went out of harmony, then the reshta - and they could be in the "train" up to seven and more pieces - were allowed to safely, as if by parachute, lower the posterigachiv that scientific equipment to the ground. A special “serpent team” was formed: Ulyanin and a lot of other posters more than once rose to a height of over two hundred meters. Serpentine pulls were also put on scientific and military ships, victorious for guarding that longevity in the oceans and in the Arctic. The stinks lifted the scientific fittings at a height of up to 4-5 km. Bulo navit set its own record for the height of a snake - 9740 meters!
Following kite fiction was also shown in Russian literature: read A.S.
In 1902 p. on the cruiser "Lieutenant Il'in" they carried out successful flights to a height of up to 300 m for an additional train from the sighting snakes. In Russia, on September 7, 1904, Lieutenant N. N. Schreiber, in the Kronstadt sea collections, made an announcement "About the stowing of the snakes for the future posterigachs from the ships of the fleet." The lieutenant finished his speech as follows: "... the stowing of the struck snakes on the ships of the fleet is not only a bug, but it is necessary to bring it." Most of the attendees helped with the additions. Vice-Admiral S. O. Makarov, commander of the Kronstadt port, was present at this additional post. And on the 20th of January, the magazine "Povіtroplavets" published: "Vidomiy the sign of the defeated snakes, Lieutenant Schreiber, who, having passed the course in the officer's class of the first potrofloat park, in the help of Vice Admiral Makarov, sent to Port Arthur for the choice of In good weather, snakes can fly in the sea for 30-40 versts. It’s a pity, because of the reasons why not lie in the sight of Lieutenant Schreiber, the snake did not get far enough to explore. On the list before Lieutenant Colonel V.A. shrapnel fire that people happened to retreat... No one, safely, was hurt, but the snakes flew and shot diligently for the second time... In this manner, the stench raised the fire from other points, and killed their right. bulo.) "So the plan of rotting in Port Arthur of the floating park, which at once with the transport" Manchzhur "was squandered to the hands of the Japanese, did not work out. The marine povitroplavniy park near Vladivostok was far away to organize just like the 1904 year.
The officers of the fleet hvavo clucked at the sailings and all the new achievements at this gallery. This is the most vivid illustration of the fall of the squadron destroyer "Bravy". On May 14, 1905, the fate of the Viysh ship was in a battle with a faulty machine and two boilers, after which he could not give a head over 11 blows. The commander of the "Brave" was determined to go to Vladivostok. On May 17, having spent the entire supply of water, the destroyer stood a few dozen miles from Vladivostok. The camp was given without a break, but the telegraph was added to the sailors, the range of which they could get farther away for the help of the damaged snake that was lifted over the ship. Nazustrich "Brave" was sent a destroyer, which, through the mines of the fence, grafted yoga to the port. The commander of the "Brave" was informed about the last events to be carried out on the cruiser "Posadnik" by the sailors of the Baltic Fleet in red 1903. The method of these studies was to determine the possibility of increasing the range of the radiotelegraph. For help, the snakes were able to call in the distance up to 63 miles, which was an indestructible result for the Popov system devices, prepared by the naval masters.
Under the hour of the 1st light war, the British, French, Italian, Russian armies - all victorious kites to watch over the gate and signalize. Singing successes sailors zumili zamogtisa zastosuvannya potryanyh snakes for maritime exploration.
At the Radyansk Union, the hoarding of snakes started mayzha at the same time with aircraft modeling in 1926. Have 1937 r. Zvenigorod was organized by the 1st All-Union slaughter of damaged box-shaped kites. Have 1938 r. near the village of Shcherbinka (the ninth place of the Moscow region) were carried out the II All-Union magic of box-shaped snakes, on which the constructions were shown, which were of vignatkovy interest. On the III All-Union zmagannya box-part snakes, which were used in 1939. in Serpukhov, a record was set for the flight of snakes to the height. Sonal serpent, constructing the Avіamodelist (as they were Nasivati Creative Snovyv) Thunder, Buv of Pidniye on the Time of 1550 m. Druz, the folds of the gorobchatikh Zmіyv Saratovsky Avaamodelist Grigorenko, Buvo of the Podsa of 1800 m. Grigorenko buv rewards for combat zastosuvannya box-parts of damaged snakes. At the IV All-Union zmagannyah, the technical assistance to the design of the damaged snakes was clearly indicated.
However, with the appearance of the first aeroplanes, the victorious sight of the snakes suddenly became unacceptable. The German Navy, having continued victorious box kites on underwater boats for people, looked around at the surface of the boat. A friend of the light war of the US Navy knows the kites of the sprat zastosuvan. Garry Sol's fence kite did not give the fortune-tellers the ability to descend low to the targets. Hitting the sea, the pilots lifted the box kite Gibson Girl in the air for a swedish demonstration. The US Navy successfully won the battle for the hour of the Other Light War. In 1942 lieutenant Paul Garber buv appointments to Viddіlu Spec. Costs of the US Navy for the development of aircraft-like models and having served on the Block Island aircraft carrier. Until then, you are a great kiting enthusiast. So in 1931 p. vin having written a guide to piloting kites for boy scouts. Having smashed the model of the kite with a handful of wines and hitting yoga with the machine-gun rozrahunka. Until the beginning of the first day, the shooter was carried out in the dark, for not a little better. The machine-gunners came to the depths of the fury, to those who, regardless of the impersonal discharge of the black, did not go into it in any way to strike. Natomist ship's captain appeared after being satisfied with the demonstration and after calling Garber more kite-targets. In the world of moreover, as the gunners did their best to shoot accurately, Garber modified his kite. Now, in a moment, walk from side to side, work a noose, pikiruvate, go uphill and sip the vіsіmki. Piloting a 5-foot diamond-shaped kite behind an additional bar and a special coil. On the kite, a silhouette of a fortune-telling Japanese chi German fly is applied. Having replaced the wooden poles with aluminium, Garber achieved that the kite could sink after being beaten.
Such a kite-target is assigned the order of one aircraft carrier. One wound, if the gunners were already deployed on their missions for the initial shooting, because of the darkness, the Japanese torpedo bomber was unstoppable. Yakby stinks were ready to shoot, let the ship seriously damage the ship. And so yoga was beaten away.
Hundreds of thousands of such kites were used for training machine gunners, which as a result resulted in great savings for the American order, like a penny, and in human resources.
Garber also selected tricot boxes for the transfer of important documents from the ship to the aircraft. A parcel was hung up to the cable stretched between two kites. Let's say that we've flown, we've chipped the cable like that and then we've delivered a parcel for recognition.
In addition, as aviation solidified more and more, the daedal kite more and more became victorious for military and scientific purposes. Vіn transitions in a range of subjects of cultural and health education. But the rest 50 rocks show a new interest in kiting. The introduction of new types of materials, such as nylon, fiberglass, carbon fiber reinforcements, has led to the fact that kites have become softer, lighter, richer for wear, and more wear-resistant.
Vinahid of the hawk krill, born in 1949 Francis Rogallo and a parafoil kite in 1964 Domina Jalbert has adopted the development of such modern flying devices, like a paraglider and a sports parachute.
At 1964 registered with the first kiting association: "American Pilot Kiting Association". For 1969 The USA has a new record for launching a kite at 10,830m above the ground.
With the appearance in 1972 on the market of Peter Powell's 2-line playing aerobatic kite, people began to launch kites not only for rozvaty, but also as a method of sports piloting. Enthusiasts began to experiment with the form, design, which led to the appearance of kites, modern flying swidshe and more precise maneuvers and clever tricks. Became popular zmagannya, de participants zmagalis under the music.
In the 1970s, a few English victors made round parachutes to create the necessary traction force on water licks. 1977 the Dutchman Gisbertus Panhus took off the patent. The athlete standing on the doshtsi, yak collapsed with a parachute. The Swiss Ren Kugn sailed in the middle of the 80s on a structure similar to a wakeboard, and a paraglider for traction. Ymovіrno, I was the first sportsman, what a zoom to grow a high haircut for a light wind.
I, nareshti, in 1984 Frenchmen Dominik and Bruno Leganu, who were engaged in windsurfing and surfing, took away the patent for the “sea wing”, which was easily restarted from surface water. The Legan brothers devoted themselves entirely to the development of kitesurfing, beginning in the early 1980s. A special feature of the design of this kite is the front inflatable balloon, which allows you to easily lift the kite when it falls on the water. Since 1995, when the Legan brothers demonstrated the ability of their kite in Italy, it became a cherish famous date in kitesurfing, because the basis for the construction of more kites, which are victorious in our days, was the principle of the Legan brothers, tobto. inflatable front balloon.
In the 80s, the founder of the kitebug sport was Peter Lynn from New Zealand, who created a stainless steel buggy design. Kite buggy is a special tricycle for katana behind a kite, to catch a snake.
Pioneers of kitesurfing in the USA Bill Rosler, an aerodynamics engineer at Boeing, and Yogo Syn Cori, a self-engineer and first-class athlete in water sports, experimented with kites for towing yachts on water and buggies on a hard surface. Success came before them, if the stench took away the patent for the Kiteski system (Kite lick). This system was a water lick, which was driven by the pull of a two-stroke delta-shaped kite, kerovanny behind an additional bar, a special small winch was installed on the yak. Since 1994 kitesurf equipment has been launched under the Kiteski brand. The launch of the kite from the lead was carried out with the winding of the lines until the moment when the kite could be reached by hand and give it an impulse to launch in turn, after which the lines were unwound and the kite was unwound, creating the necessary traction for towing people. Tsya design worked hard to finish it, but through those that the design of the kite had different slats, the kite often broke when it fell! So unhandled were those who needed to launch a special plank with a winch to launch it, like a bulky one. I didn’t get accustomed to the kitesurfing market and I started flying with light kites inflatable brothers Legan from France!
After 1995, commercial companies appeared, which are engaged in the development and preparation of special equipment for riding on wind snakes.
In 1997 Volodymyr Bobilov created the first kite club in Russia in the SND "Zmіїne lіgvo". So kiting and kitesurfing appeared in Russia and Ukraine. Strogino became the birthplace of kitesurfing in Russia, and Koktebel in Ukraine.
Since 1998, since the first championship of the world of kitesurfing in Hawaii was held and the first videos about a new kind of "sailing", kitesurfing can be considered as a sport that is already famous.
In 1999 one of the expeditions won a kite for towing a sled to the Pivnichny Pole.
Modern technologies and materials made it possible to take a fresh look at the sight of the snake.
To mark the new hour, they became richly baristichi for their opponents, a class of sports snakes for extreme sports appeared. And in the rest of the decade, there will be a surge of interest in playing the game of vitriol snakes that attack, nareshti, and Russia. Ale povіtryany zmії - not only a rose, a hobby, an active child, the whole miraculous sport - kitesurfing.
