She sings having written a great ode to the Tsar Empress, as she highly appreciated this literary work. The image of Felicity was given to me to make it plausible. She appreciated the victorious tricks in Derzhavin's ode, it was easy to recognize the courtiers. Vaughn sent them copies of handwritten practice. At the skin boule there were rows of armchairs, yakkі vykrivali "sin" that like oberzhuvach.

Felicity's image

It doesn't matter to guess who you glorify in your dress. Catherine II, in the form of Felice, stands in front of the reader as a simple, untroubled pannochka. Vaughn does not like Bali and masquerades, do not see clubs. It is a way of life, for the sake of everyday life of the courtiers, to pass by the robot and the greatest joys of life. Vaughn does not harness the carriage, but often walks around. Vaughn does not love supermundane things, neither in roses, nor in hedgehogs. On the її table stand: "... the simplest ...".

Pratsiuє monarchіchna persona not harming herself, reading and writing before tax, antrochs do not value their peace. With a stroke of his pen, he grants prosperity to people.

Vaughn does not enter at the stupid war. The Derzhavin declares that the queen does not glorify the great conqueror, and is far from the ambitious plans of the roots of similar peoples. Do not leave your throne, so that you can destroy the military.

He sings loudly on the justice of the ruler, how to think well and see "good honor."

Feltsa may have literary relish and talent, she will enjoy reading roman works:
“Your poetry is loving,
Admission, licorice, coryce…”.

Characteristics of Felitsi

Seeing off equal characteristic the rule of Catherine II with the perfect hours of Anni Ioanivni, Derzhavin write about the generosity and wisdom of Felicia.
Vaughn allows the people to talk to themselves, not to hinder people, tell the truth and tell the ignorant people about their lives.

Nobles now do not lose that consequence without trial:
“... Do not lubricate them at the ice lazna,
Do not click at the vus ... ".

Knowing the reigning person and all-forgiveness, she is intolerable only to the point of navmis fussiness:
“... Foolishness krіz fingers bachish,
You can’t stand evil alone ... "

Magnanimous for her characterization, Felitsa praises her great rights. At the sight of the previous rulers, they don’t clean up the people with ostentatious strata, don’t shed the blood of the innocent for nothing. Do not joke, praise the zhorstokoy ruler, even if she is great in her kindness.

Gavriila Romanovich Derzhavin is the right Genius, who, vtim, reached success in the field of literature, being already a grown-up person. With his swelled breadth of wine, he drank and subdued, and ruined the calm. Amazing honesty called Yogo to the top of glory, and then so very swiftly "threw" the poet from Olympus.

A poor and ignorant nobleman, serving honestly and generously, as I say A.S. Pushkin at the "Captain's Donets", "honestly, to whom you swear." Derzhavin went through the folding paths of a simple soldier, having achieved, on the other hand, recognition, and an officer's rank without help. Vіn take the fate of the strangled Pugachov rebellion, and tse bring you popularity.

An intelligent officer, having previously seen a number of collections of ambiguous verses, written by my unfamiliar at that hour, having become unremarkable as a writer until that hour, for now, rooting for the opinion of Empress Katherine II, right for Russia, I do not create a feast of the spirit.

The names of the heroes are in a non-violent fashion: the young one sings in retrospect their fairy tales, which she especially began, specially created by the Empress for her onuk. Tsya aluziya pіznіshe zapochatkuє tsiliy cycle of odes, dedications to Felicity, to the same z tiєyu, first and chi not the most important in the creativity of the poet, tying a colossal breakthrough in the gallery of poetic art.

Apparently, G.R. Derzhavin is alive at the hour, if the greatest literary literature, "Parnassian titans", reached the strict limits of classicism. Only in the other half of the 18th century M. Lomonosov, A. Maikov, M. Kheraskov and other writers start in line with these traditions, but not to shy someone with such a scope, with such ease, as Derzhavin should go.

Youmu to lie viraz "comedy Russian warehouse". Definitely, “about Felicity’s honesty” we can tell in the genre of one - in the high style, going to the aid of the high spiritual matter. And at the same hour he sings the sound of canon, nibi rozirve arkush papera.

The theme of odi is suspense-political. Derzhavin, who took the fate of the strangled rebel Omelyan Pugachov, did not recognize a little that such a “stupid and merciless” Russian rebellion; Vіn vlasnі ochі pobachiv i vydchuv, z kakim neprinyattyam people nalashtovaniya to rosіyskogo nobility. Ale sings without calling out to the sound of the peasantry - vin rozumіv, that Russia will choke in blood, we are in front of the noble, that the slaves of the future should begin to take revenge on their rotters. To that very Derzhavin should take care of the illumined absolutism, de suvor and unsatisfactory dotrimanny laws, rules, for whichever day you will svaville rule. Only in this way is it possible to defend the Empire in the form of new rebellions, new stupid victims. The image of such a ruler sings to know from Catherine II. The ode "Felitsa" is the creation of the darkness of the God-bearing sovereign, the aloe is alive and full of suffocations, a reminder of the empress's activity.

From one side, this tvir is plotless, to that which does not develop in a new one. And at the same time, the new one seems to be strimkist, mittevist: so, for the great number of images of the senses, the images of the like are revealed to the new one; sings at the chronological sequence describing the roses of the courtiers of Katerina, vtim, like the empress.

The composition is one inconsequential; a central image is being created in her, in the presence of which the “god-like queen” appears, and it develops with a long stretch of roses, viewed from the sides. At whom zastosovuetsya the reception of antitheses: Felitsa's garlic is marked with coldness and innocence and її "murz".

“Felitsa” was written in iambic chotyristia, replacing the iambic stops with pirrikhієm. Derzhavin turns to the classic single ten-row stanza with folding rhymes (crossed on the back, then in pairs, then kiltseva); sings cherguє cholovіcha and zhіnochu rimi.

Viznі zasobi one vіdrіznyayutsya with a gaudy yava vіznomanіtnіstyu. The main poetic trick is more than an antithesis, as well as allusions - to Count Orlov, P. Panina too. The Derzhavin rushes to the appointed warehouse, to which, in one majestic place, Church Slavonic words are attached. “Felitsa” is not rich in metaphors (“lubricate in the ice lazne”), zaryasnіє epithets (“harp of the malt-voiced”, “safirnі krill”, “nothing liar”), povnyanny (“yangol lagіdniy”, povnyannia of the empress with an anniversary, “yak wolf, you don’t emboss people”), hyperbole (typical for a poetic mood, one zagalom). Among the stylistic figures, one can especially see the inversion and gradation (“reception, licorice, korisna”). It's okay to stand by the irony, to go over to sarcasm. The stench manifests itself in the stanzas, the descriptive hero describes the splendid roses, showing all the same that he is guilty, the hero, dissolute, and “everything is bright”. This respect allows you to grant the greatness and goodness of the Empress, for the sake of not being able to serve.

In this ode, first of all, a mixture of styles is seen: in the urochist creation, rice of the "low" style - sarcasm - appears raptly. In addition, this is the first ode in the history of Russian literature, the image of the author is so vividly manifested, and his special thought is expressed. Derzhavin portrays himself lyrical hero, the indecent honor of serving the consecrated sovereign, as if high titles, sacred saints, unworthy gentry people of roses, luxury are protected; Felitse unpowerful zhorstokіst and injustice. She sings depicting the empress as a god-fearing ruler, how to chirp for the well-being of her people - it’s not for nothing that they appear in ode with an angel, we will send to the earth to rule the Russian state.

Zuhvala, individual, blatant praise, like Gavrila Romanovich himself, signing like a “zmіshanu ode”, was accepted by the empress from the graves. Derzhavin's innovation made it possible to remove the strict and inaccessible to a wide range of readers from the framework of classicism. Originality of creation, yogo naibagatsha and privabliva mova nadali nabudut the widest breadth; the trend takes away the development of V. Zhukovsky’s creativity, and the main “reformer” of the Russian literary movement A.S. Pushkin. In this rank, the sovereign "Felitsa" conveys the appearance of the romantic directly in Russian literature.

One of the main verses of R. R. Derzhavin is the yoga ode “Felitsa”. Vaughn was written like a verse "like a murzi" before the Kyrgyz-Kaisak princess Felitsa. The ode tempted the presenters to start talking about Derzhavin as a significant sings. Formerly tvir blew the light of 1789 rock. For whomever the reader may have the opportunity to posterigate and praise, and judge at once.

Golovna heroine

In the analysis of the ode "Felitsa" it is noted that the bula was dedicated to the Empress Katherine II. Tvir is written in iambic chotiristop. The image of the ruler in the creation is clever and traditional, for her spirit she creates a portrait in the style of classicism. Let us also accept those that Derzhavin wants to be in the Empress not just a ruler, but a living person:

“...I'm the simplest

Be at your table…”.

Novelty to creation

In his work, Derzhavin portrays the noble Felice in front of the venerable and degraded nobles. So in the analysis of the ode "Felitsa" varto signify that the verse itself is laced with novelty. Adzhe the image of the head fiyovoї individual є deshcho іnhim porіvnjano, for example, from the works of Lomonosov. Mikhail Vasilovich's image of Elizaveta is devastated. Derzhavin will show his opinion on specific rules. You can also speak about intercession of trade, promiscuity: "Keep loving trades, science."

Before the ode to Derzhavin was written, sound the image of the Empress Vishikov, in poetry, following your strict laws. For example, Lomonosov, having depicted the ruler as an earthly deity, as if she had stepped from the distant heavens to the earth, a cry of infinite wisdom and boundless mercy. Ale Derzhavin dares to follow the traditions. Vіn shows a rich and full-blooded image of the ruler - a sovereign fiend and a visible specialty.

Rozvagi of nobles, condemned by Derzhavinim

Carrying out an analysis of one "Felitsa" should indicate that Derzhavin was suing the lingers and other nobles of the court in a satirical style. We can talk about watering, and about Kartyarskaya gra, and about trips for new-fangled clothes to beauty. Gavrilo Romanovich allows himself to destroy the purity of the genre in his work. Adja in clothes not only the empress is swayed, but the vices of those who are not turbo-charged are sued.

Special ear of clothes

And also, in the analysis of the ode "Felitsa", the student can also indicate the fact that Derzhavin introduced that special cob into the TV. Adzhe in dress is the image of a Murza, which is either introverted or cunning. Among the images of the nobles, the contemporary could easily know the quiet proximity of Katerini, about which it was said. So Derzhavin richly affirms: “I am such a flirtatious, Felice! Ale, the whole world is similar to me. Autoirony is rarely heard in odes. And the description of the artistic "I" of Derzhavіn is already demonstrable.

To whom is Felitsa opposed?

There are few new facts that scientists can discover in the process of analyzing one “Felitsa”. Vіrsh rich in why ahead of your time. This is also the description of the lazy nobleman, having transferred and depicted one of the main characters in Pushkin's work - Evgen Onegin. For example, a chitach can be a bachiti, after a wake-up call, the courtier lazily hears a chicken pipe and dreams about glory. Yogo's day is made up of less ben- ketіv and love vtih, polyuvannya and stribkіv. The nobleman spends the evening walking on the strings of the Neva River, and in a warm booth on a new one, as if forever, check the family joys of that peaceful reading.

Crime of the lazy murzi, Katerina is also represented by her late man - Peter III, which can also be shown in the analysis of the ode "Felitsa". Briefly at once, you can see it like this: in front of a person, she thought about the good of the country. Regardless of those that the Empress was nimkeney, write all your instructions and do your Russian mine. So Katerina defiantly went to the Russian sarafan. With her attitudes, she looked like a man, who, having looked up to the whole vity of life, was more than ignorant.

Character of the Empress

At work Derzhavin does not give portrait descriptions of the empress. However, this shortfall is compensated for by these hostility, as the ruler copes on his own. Sings pragne podkresliti її most important yakosti. As it is necessary to analyze one “Felitsa” briefly, the figure can be described as follows: it is unviable, simple, democratic, and also pleasant.

Image in one

The next step is to designate that all verses also pass the image of Prince Chlorus. This character is taken from "Tales about Tsarevich Chlorus", written by the Empress herself. An ode starts from the retelling of the fairy tale, so imagine, like Felitsa, Strichka, Murza, Chlorine, Rose without thorns. And the tvir ends, like to lie down, with the praise of the noble and merciful ruler. Similar to that, as tse buva in mythical creations, image in one є sensible, allegorical. But Gavril Romanovich gave the stench in a new manner. The little empress sings not only as a goddess, but also for those who are not strangers to human life.

Analysis of one "Felice" behind the plan

The training plan can be vikoristovuvati approximately as follows:

• The author is the name of Odie.
• The history of creation, to whom the tvir is dedicated.
• One composition.
• Vocabulary.
• Features of the main heroine.
• My dressing up.

Whom did the author of the odi look at?

Those who need to make a report analysis of the ode "Felitsa" can describe these nobles, who were inspired by their creation Derzhavin. For example, tse Grigoriy Potomkin, who, without respect for his generosity, succumbed to the primal, primal. So in the same way are the leaders of the ruler Oleksiy and Grigory Orlov, revelers and lovers of cinema streams.

Count Orlov was a fist-fighting champion, a woman-pleaser, a gambler, and a leader of his squad. Such a wine was left in the memory of contemporary people, and so were the descriptions of Derzhavin’s work:

“...Abo, about everything, do the turbota

Zalishivshi, zhzhdzhu on polyuvannya

I add to the woofs of the psiv ... ".

You can also guess about Semyon Narishkin, a kind of Jägermeister at the court of Katerina and exalting his irrepressible love to music. And so Gavrilo Romanovich put himself in the same row. Vin did not recount his accountability to the first stake, navpaki, bald, that he should also lie down to the stake of the guards.

Image of nature

So Derzhavіvі vuє and miraculous natural lands see, with such harmony the image of the illumined monarchy. His descriptions of the landscapes are rich in what are similar to the scenes from tapestries, as if embellishing the vital Petersburg nobility. Derzhavin, who was so groaning at scribbles, called poetry "a picnic, what to say" for a reason. Derzhavin speaks to his chosen one about the “high mountain” and about the “Trojan without thorns”. Qi images help to grow the image of Felicity even more great.

History of Russian literature of the 18th century Lebedeva O. B.

Odo-satirical svetoustriy in the urochist ode "Felitsia"

The formal introduction of Derzhavin in “Felitsa” has the most significant canon of Lomonosov’s urochist ody: a four-foot iamb, a ten-line stanza with rhymes aBaBVVgDDg. Alecia is a strict form of the urochist, one with a different and necessary sphere of contrast, and the anatomy that is more clearly visible is the absolute novelty of the stylistic and stylistic plans. Derzhavin turned to Katerina II not directly, but sideways - through her literary specialty, having succumbed to the same plot of a fairy tale, as Katerina wrote her little onuk Oleksandr. The young tsarevich Khlor is occupied with a joke of a trojan without thorns (an allegory of garlic), like a stink and a stench, after a rich crossover and a hem burn high, which symbolizes spiritual self-perfection

The fact that the mediation of the animal to the empress through the її artistic text gave Derzhavin the opportunity to escape the protocol-single, tone-on-tone animal to the highest individual. Having adopted the plot of Katerina's fairy tale and slightly strengthening the similar coloring that dominates this plot, Derzhavin wrote his ode to the name of "such a Tatar murzi", having beaten the story about the journey of his family to the Tatar murzi Bagrim. In the first publication, the ode “Felitsa” was called as follows: “Ode to the wise Kyrgyz-Kaisak princess Felitsa, written by a deakim Tatar murza, who long ago settled in Moscow, and live on his right side near St. Petersburg. Translated from Arabic language.

Even in the name of the author's specialty, no less respect was attached to the person of the addressee. And in the text itself, two plans are clearly marked: the author’s plan and the hero’s plan, tied together by a plot motif to the joke “trojans without thorns” - honesty, like Derzhavin, having drawn from “Tales about Tsarevich Chlorus”. "Weak", "dissolute", "slave primh" Murza, in whose name an ode was written, turns to the good "God-like queen" with prohannyam about help in the jokes "Trojandy without thorns" - and it is natural to put one of two intonations in the text: an apology at the address of Felicity and vikrittya at the address of Murzi. In this way, the urochist ode to Derzhavin is combined in its own ethical settings of the older genres - satire and one, which are absolutely contrasting and isolated, and in “Felitsy”, which are combined into a single picture of the world. By itself, it literally lifts the middle of the canon of the weary oratorical genre into one and the same classicistic statement about the genre hierarchy of poetry and the purity of the genre. Ale those operations, like Derzhavin, to rob with the aesthetic attitudes of satire and one, more daring and radical.

Naturally, it would be clear that the apologetic image of honesty and vikrivayetsya the image of vice, in a single odo-satirical genre, will be subsequently shown in the traditionally powerful typology of artistic imagery: the abstract-conceptual image of the biblical imagery is worthy of the dignity. However, this is not seen in Derzhavin's "Felitsa", and insulting images from an aesthetic point of view are the same synthesis of ideological and scriptural motives. And yet, the on-butt image of vice, in principle, could be chil- ning to deaco ideologizatsiy in its narrowed, conceptual structure, then the on-butt image of honesty, or even crowned, Russian literature did not, in principle, allow Derzhavin to reach it. In the ode "Felitsa" of the contemporary, as if they sounded up to the abstract-conceptual constructions of wild images of the ideal monarch, the very concreteness and authenticity of the image of Catherine II in her everyday activities and stars, resurrecting like Derzhavin away victorious, shocked the motive of the order of the day. and "Evgeniy":

Your Murzas are not inherited,

Often you go pishki

I zha simplest

Be at your table;

Don't value your peace

Read, write before tax

I all from your pen

Bliss is shed by mortals:

Like cards, you don’t care,

Like me, wound to wound (41).

And so it is, as if the butt-painted picture is not up to the end of the window display in one typology of artistic figurativeness (“the bliss of mortals”, which wedged into a number of concrete-button details, even if Derzhavin wants it to be accurate, looming on the recognition of the famous legislative act of Katerina: “Order of the Commission on create the draft of a new code"), ideologizing the image of honesty is also manifested as a concrete-speech metaphor:

Tobі єdinoї less decent.

Royal! create light from darkness;

Dilyachi Chaos on the sphere of Strunko,

Union of the strength of their strength;

Z razbіzhnostі - zgoda

І z passions lyutih happiness

You can only bachiti.

So year-old, through the show, sho pliv,

Catchers pіd vitrilo roaring wind,

Vmіє vessel keruvati (43).

In this stanza, there are no similar verbal themes that would not genetically descend to the poetics of the urochist idiom of Lomonosov: light and darkness, chaos and strings of the sphere, union and integrity, predilection and happiness, pont and swimming - everything is known to the Chitachevs of the XVIII century. a set of abstract ones to understand what to form an ideological image of a wise ruler in a natural ode. Ale, the axis “year-old, through the pont, sho pliv”, rightfully steers the ship, with all the allegorical sensational image-symbol of national wisdom, inconspicuously more plastic and concrete, lower “Like a building wind at the pontoon” or “Fly feed between water overhead” in Lomonosov's dress 1747

The individual and concrete personal look of honesty can be contrasted in the ode "Felitsa" with the choice of the image of vice, but it is even more difficult to resist: as an aesthetic essence, the image of vice is absolutely the same image of honesty, the stones of wine are the same typological synthesis of the same, figuratively satirical motives for the order of the day:

And I, sleeping until noon,

I smoke tyutyun and kava p'yu;

Reworking on holy weekdays,

Merezha in chimeras is my thought:

That is full of persiv I steal,

Then I shot to the Turks;

Those, dreaming that I am a sultan,

Vsesvit zalyakayu glance;

That raptom, having calmed down vbrannyam,

I jump to the edge on the captan (41).

Such, Felice, I am dissolute!

Ale, the whole world is similar to me.

Who is the wisdom of not knowledge,

Ale skin people є nonsense.

We do not go light by my ways,

Bіzhimo unleash for dreams,

Mіzh ledar and burkot,

Mizh marnoslavism and vice

Know who hiba inadvertently

Way of scabies straight (43).

The only one who has the aesthetic difference in the images of Felicity-chesno and Murzi-vice - this is the spivvіdnessіnіst іz konkretnymi osobennosti derzhavanskih suchasnіv. For this sense, Felitsa-Katerina є, behind the author's name, an accurate portrait, and murza - the mask of the author odi, the lyrical subject of the text - we choose, but with concrete floorings, to do this concreteness to introduce Derzhavin's past works in peace, indulge in rice masks in the guise of the poet himself, although Derzhavin himself left out ambiguous and precise statements on those that Potiomkin, A. Orlov, P. I served as prototypes for this chosen image of the nobleman-court court. Panin, S.K. music). Creating the image of a Murza, Derzhavin mav on the street and "the old-fashioned sounds of Russian fun" (308).

Well, in the interpretation of the lyrical subject, the ode "Felitsa" - the image of the vicious "Murzi" - is the closest to the truth. Z. Serman, who spoke like a promo from the first person “such a sense and the same meaning”, like “mova from the first person from the satirical journalist of the era - from “Trutnya” and “The Painter” by Novikoff. I Derzhavіn, i Novіkov zastosovuyut pripuschenny, zvchayny for the literature of the Enlightenment, zmushyuyuchy their vykrivanih and vzmіyuvannyh characters themselves speak about yourself with the strength of the possible opening.

And here it is impossible not to mention two speeches: firstly, the one that, by acquiring a self-defeating characteristic of vice in yoga direct promotion, genetically descends directly to the genre model of Kantemir’s satire, and in another way, the one that creates its own image of Murzi as a lyrical sub “Just like “Felitsa” and embarrassingly say “for the whole world, for all the nobility”, Derzhavin, in fact, hastened with Lomonosov’s method of constructing the image of the author. In the urochist ode of Lomonosov, the special borrower of the author’s “I” was no longer a form of expressing a wild thought, and the image of the author of the functioning was no longer a remnant, the remnants of the building were to instill the voice of the nation in a snarl - that was of a selective character.

In this manner, in Derzhavin's Felitsa, ode and satire, interlaced by their ethical genre-creating attitudes and aesthetic signs of typology of artistic imagery, merge into one genre, which, strictly seeming, can no longer be called either satire or ode. And those who "Felitsa" Derzhavin continue to traditionally refer to as "odes", follow the baptism of wild associations with those. Vzagali zhe - a lyrical verse, which is residually separated from the oratorical nature of a high tract, and is less often koristuetsya with such methods of satirical light modeling.

Perhaps, the very goal of the formation of a synthetic poetic genre, which lies up to the point of pure lyric poetry, is the next to be recognized as the main result of Derzhavin's work of 1779-1783. And in the totality of the poetic texts in this period, the process of reviving the Russian lyrical poetry in line with the laws themselves is evidently manifested, as if we had already been lucky to posterize in journalistic prose, fiction, and poetic epic comedy. Behind the credit of dramaturgy - principally authorless in the most famous forms of verbal creativity - in all these galleries of Russian red writing, the result of the crossing of high and low light-creations was the activation of forms of expression of the author's, special cob. I sovereign poetry was not blamed on this sensi. The mail of the form of a fading of an individual author’s ears through the category of the lirichnaya hero I was figurative, pushing the entire pesemkhnim of the fucking Text in the ecological factor, and the principle of the naval-priestly traditional.

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Valentin Kruglov, student 7 "A" class 288 of the school of the Admiralteysky district of St. Petersburg

At the supplementary study 7 "A" to the class of V. Kruglov "Literary portraits in the ode of G.R. Derzhavin "Felitsa"" there is a selection of materials that are worthy of the famous historical diyachiv hours of the Catherine's hour. Here are the Empress Katerina Velika herself, the most noble woman of the XVIII century Princess Katerina Dashkova, the most brilliant Prince Grigory Potiomkin, the Russian diplomat Mykola Panin, Prince Grigory Orlov, and the merry-go-lucky Lev Narishkin. of its prototypes and written by a brilliant poet of the other half of the 18th century with warm irony, satirical volility and unique charm. Seeing the pictures of the private life of famous people before their great rights - the axis of that range, which is to avenge the context of Derzhavin's ode, as if looking at additional evidence. The dopovіd bula was presented at the school conference within the framework of the Uchnivsky Scientific Partnership "The Cob of the Way. The road is paved for the one who goes", yak was held at 288 schools in St. Petersburg on December 15, 2016.

Zavantage:

Front view:

Addendum to the conference "Glorious individuals of Russia: the people do it" Valentina Kruglova,

Uchnya 7 "A" class GBOSH No. 288 Admiralteysky district, metro St. Petersburg.

Scientific clerk: Evdokimov O.V., teacher of Russian language and literature, School 288 of the Admiralty district of St. Petersburg.

Topic of the supplementary “Literary portraits of G.R. Derzhavin "Felitsia".

The ode “Felitsa”, written by Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin in 1782, inspired the poet's name in St. Petersburg, later, in Russia, and became a vision of a new style in Russian poetry. Derzhavin's ode glorified Empress Katherine Druga and, with frequent satire, characterized her as the most polished.

It should be noted that writing similar verses, which satirically depicted the empress's help, was unsafe, prote Derzhavin on the power of fear and risk of death. Now, in an hour, we can say that the author of the pen of Gavriil Romanovich wrote literary portraits of the empress's associates.

Numerous literary portraits of the glorious, bringing people The Russias of the other half of the 18th century, created by the talent of Derzhavin, called out the insubstantial interest of the participants. Even the literary heroes were guessed by the readers, the leaders of Katerina were recognized, and yet they shouted and sang, and brought the readers into a stupor.

Earlier, in the Russian literature of the last quarter of the 18th century, it was possible to predict that people from the sharpened Russian queen wore a poetic look, similar to the original, and became recognized as literary features.

Not only Katerina the Great, but also the closest almighty nobles, whom Russia knew and respected, Europe knew and feared, sovereign robes were rapt by such accessible people that a skin reader could easily commemorate human weaknesses, images, and medi- cal qualities. life, how many characters were given. And yet for the literature of that hour it was truly hostile, so that the author himself introduced the image of fabric in її fabric as a reference to himself, and showed the same literary specialty, which is similar to the mighty heroes of creation. Everything was new, insensible and called out to be choked up. The verses were very sonorous, at times good-naturedly ironic, and at times artistically refined.

The ode "Felitsa" took its name from the name of the heroine "Tales about Tsarevich Chlor", which was written by the Empress herself, Katerina Druga.

It goes without saying that the Russian queen has a small literary gift. Vaughn is the first woman in Russia, she professionally composed libreto, tales, fairy tales, wrote them for her royal onuk, the future Emperor Oleksandr the First, the Blessed One - with such a title Tsar uveide to Russian history. Katerina translated the Russian language of the English playwright William Shakespeare, outperforming the respect of the English playwright of her peers by a hundred years. Come on, the Empress loved the theater, often saw it. Vaughn, with great satisfaction, marveled at the talents and talents of comedies and tragedies. Ponad those, she herself wrote p'esi, yakі put on the stage of the court theater of the Winter Palace. So, more than 1771 Katerina wrote 5 comedies. In 1772, the stars were taught by the actors and played on the stage of the court theater. Artistic rіven p'єs, writings by Catherine the Great, є dosit high for your hour. P'yesi small successes that befitted the public. The author's name was not publicized, although everyone at the court stakes knew his author well. P'yesi mayut pochalny, pochalny character, written in the spirit of classicism, tiles and vadi suspіlstva. Name p'єs, written by the queen, zagalni, intriguing for an hour:"The name of Mrs. Vorchalkinoy", "An antechamber of a noble boyar", "Mrs. Vestnikov with family", "Invisible is named".Mabut, naivіdomіsha p'єsa, scho viyshla z-pіd pen of the queen, - "Oh, hour." The editor of the Zhivopisets magazine, Mikola Ivanovich Novikov, educator of the other half of the 18th century, editor of St. In 1769, Katerina tacitly allowed the magazines to be seen by everyone who was interested (it’s true, after a sprat of years, obviously, it’s been closed to her). The magazines “Drone”, “Be-yak-things”, “Riddle”, “Painter”, “Hamanets” appear. Deyakі magazines are seen in great circulation. At Trutnya and Zhivopisci, Novikov's super girl with the Empress is bursting forth. Novikov publishes written thoughts of Katerini critical character.

Moreover, Katerina acted as an initiator, organizer and author of the libretto of a pompous national-patriotic project - "historical action". Tse p'esa "Pochatkov's management of Oleg". For p'esi, the queen got the best composers, spivakiv and choreographers. The premiere was held in St. Petersburg on the 2nd leaf fall of 1790. All Petersburg performances by Katerini's creations were richly furnished. The operas "Fevey" and "Gorobogatir", for which the Empress wrote the libretto, as well as the oratorio "Pochatkovo management" were seen in the clavier and the score (which at that hour in Russia is a superb rіdkіst).

In a word, the Russian ruler was versed in literature, posted her notes in the Novik’s public journal, wrote badly herself and loved to read artistic literature different language.

Obviously, having read the dedicated ode “Felitsa”, Katerina was moved to tears and became the author ofcreate . Vaughn called out to her friend, Katerina Dashkova, a miraculously illuminated woman, a sensible queen, as she recited this sovereign ode in a magazine. Majesty said to Dashkov: “Don’t fight, I’m only feeding you about those who would know me so closely, who could describe so correctly what you are doing, why am I crying like a fool here?” Princess Dashkova spelled out the name of the poet. Katerina Druga was a vdyachna poet. For her, it was important that the poetic image was dressed in garni, simple and pleasant. A few hours later, Derzhavin took away the generosity of the wine city: 500 golden chervіntsі and a cigarette case, sifted with diamonds. In addition, the author of "Felitsi" honorably introduces the Empress herself, as she favored Yogo, having appointed Derzhavin as her secretary.

It goes without saying that the ode "Felitsa" follows the rules of classicism. Derzhavin innovates different genres, painting satirical images, which are typical for the odi genre. He sings at his creation small first realistic portraits of his co-workers, she creates, in fact, ideal image The Russian Empress, describing її especially the behavior and zvichki, which did not scold її sushchasniks:

“ Your Murzas are not inherited,
Often you go pishki
I zha simplest
Be at your table;
Don't value your peace
Read, write before tax
I all from your pen
Bliss is shed by mortals”.

True, the Russian queen can be swayed by walking nearby the Winter Palace. There were ripples, if she didn’t hasten to pass through the Palace Square or the most important streets. No one was entrusted to the Empress - no funeral, no maid of honor, no companion, who accompanied the Imperial Majesty. Everything was simple, extraordinary, unremarkable, as if it were with an inconspicuous person, as if they were living their own special, private lives. So Katerina repaired things, if her head ached, and she went out of the Palace to breathe fresh air. Pddanі, scho zustrіchali and vpіznali її Imperial Majesty, chirped. The women sat down, the cavalry bowed and took the capes.Row odi "You often walk these pishki" reflects a realistic situation.Without a doubt, Derzhavin knew her name before the lonely walks of the Empress.

Derzhavin's rows "I'm the simplest // Be at your table" - so self-truthful.On the right, in the days of the song, Katerina the Great ate more modestly. At her table for an hour, on such days there were only 4-5 occasions, with which the tsarina discussed various sovereign justices, political news, and little simple human splintering. There were 5-6 stravas on the table, sometimes not well prepared. Її the old, alė verny cook, and sometimes not rushed for porridge, and it burned into the new. Katerina endured for a long time, and in front of her guests she wailed for a pardon. Sour soup, porridge, sturgeon, sauerkraut, mushrooms, bread... all at night. Then at the zvichayny, fast days, the empress became rich. There were straws on the tables: iturkeys with shio, terini with krill and green puree, jocks with juice, marinade with kurchat, perch with shank, poulardi with truffles, hazel grouse in Spanish style, turtles, chiryata with olives, gato comp'ensky, twelve salads, with sauces.And the menu axis of the “small” obidu empress: soup; cooked chicken with cauliflower; m'yaso with potatoes; a quarter of a greased ram, pitching and snipe (on one line). Yalovichina, meatballs, sausages, langoustines, as well as various side dishes with stewed and lubricated mushrooms and vegetables were boiled on the table. The Empress washed down the offense with currant vodka. For dessert, oranges, apples, peaches, cherries, leaf pies and biscuits were served.

Prote Derzhavin, cherishing propriety, having described Katerina's grievances in the simplest, most modest farbs:"I'm the simplest // Be at your table." Tse y was worthy in one of the Russian Autocrats.

“Read, write before the tax // I to all from your pen // You shed Bliss to mortals”, - here he sings, obviously, speaking not only about the literary occupation of Katerini, but also about the great legislator's activity. Aje wonbelonged to an innumerable number of monarchs, yakі intensively and without intermediary splintered with their own paths of folding manifestos, instructions, laws, polemical articles and pedagogical opusіv. In her memoirs, Katerina admitted: “I can’t make a clean pen without it, so that I don’t see the bazhanya negaly zanurit yoga into ink.”

Let's look at the image of the Empress in the sovereign dress "Felitsa" and literary portraits of favorites. By itself, the idea of ​​describing a Volodar, a commander, a nobleman was not new, but behind the images of nobles, painted in clothes, drawings clearly appeared real people. And in this way Derzhavin was an innovator.

So, for example, in the ode, Prince Grigory Oleksandrovich Potomkin, the leader of the Empress, is guessing.Vіn rich and successfully fought. Prote loving at the vіlniy vіd sovremennyh indulgence spend the day at the banquettes and amusements, likealready loving. Potomkin, his prominent associate of Catherine the Great, was not only a human being, gifted, a vicarious and pracially-loving, but, at the same time, at the same time, he was able to demonstrate the proliferating likeness of a human being, rozpescheno by the power of that rose. So, it seems that Grigoriy Oleksandrovich Potomkin did not immediately follow a clear order, which is necessary for a sovereign fiend, but sometimes, for his hvilinnymi primkhs and primkhs, he remembered and wrote about his ode "Felitsa" Derzhavin. Speaking in the name of the first individual, Derzhavin seems to speak in the name of Potomkin. Tobto in an ode as if Potiomkin himself spoke about himself, about his life and the hour spent:

And I, sleeping until noon,

I smoke tyutyun and kava p'yu;

Reworking on holy weekdays,

Merezha in chimeras is my thought:

That is full of persiv I steal,

Then I shot to the Turks;

Those, dreaming that I am a sultan,

Vsesvit zalyakayu glance;

That raptom, calm down attire,

I'm jumping to the edge of the captan.

Abo I'm rich in the bank,

De holy for me to give,

De shine steel with silver and gold,

Ten thousand different fears:

AT Derzhavin's attire is shaping up to be the second visitor of Catherine's grandee - Mikita Ivanovich Panin. Panin bovmentor to the throne, Pavel the First.The French diplomat Lavoe, is unlikely to have had a good time before Panin, having described the tsar's minister's daily routine. The axis of this is a note of a French diplomat, which more vividly guesses a libel: in the late afternoon, that sleepy body became one mass of fat. Vіn getting up opіvdnі; his neighbors told him comedy speeches until the age of the year; then after drinking chocolate and grabbing the toilet until three years. Close to half past four, I felt resentment, which dragged on until the fifth year. About the Shostіy Minister lyagav vіdpochiti і sleeping until eight. It was very important for the lackeys to wake up Yogo, wake up and wake up on their feet. After the end of another toilet, the gra began, which ended close to eleven. After the thunder came supper, and after the evening the gra began anew. It is close to the third night, the minister is going to his place and working with Bakunin, the head official of the yoga department. Sleep vin lying, sing about the fifth year of the wound.

Bov Mikita Ivanovich was a great lover of dog peeing, through the yak, he trotted, forgetting about the powers that be. The author satirically depicts the images of Panin's service at his clothes:

“Abo about everything, do the turbota
Zalishivshi, zhzhdzhu on polyuvannya
I add to the woofs of the psiv.

It is important to say what a satirical image of Panin himself was appropriate for, the prote public, reading the ode "Felitsa", knew that we were living that plausible literary portrait of Panin.

• Oleksiy Grigorovich Orlov, associate of Katerini. Having been endowed with great physical strength and loving various amusements, which mean restlessness, for example, fists, fights, dances, haircuts and watering of the evening with a witch, but for the nobles, they were bad and rude fun. The image of Oleksiy is memorable in these rows:

“Abo music that spivakami,

Organ and volinka raptom,

Abo fist fights

I amuse my spirit with a dance.”

• Lev Oleksandrovich Narishkin, who was the third cousin of Emperor Peter the Great, but having only taken over the quarters of the senior head of the flock. V_domiy at the court zhartіvnnik and ledar. Narishkin was inspired by the extraordinary hospitality and love to power the gala balls, masquerades and picnics. One of the masquerades, a tribute to Narishkinim for Katerina II in 1772, costing you 300,000 rubles. Vinloving to ride along the Neva at night with the accompaniment of a whole orchestra of musicians with horn instruments, through which about the peace and quiet near the capital it was possible only to dream of wonderful people. Yogo can be commemorated in these rows:

“Abo over the Neva shores
I am quiet at night with horns
І vesluvannyam in the distance paddlers.

Katerina sent okremі copies of one of the nobles enchained there, reassuring those rows, as they lay before them. A lot of nobles took part in the palace revolution of 1762 for Katerini. Mayzhe all the nobles smashed richly for the state, even though in their dress Derzhavin was shown satirically and with great frequent irony. For example:

• Grigoriy Oleksandrovich Potomkin was the Russian sovereign fiend, the creator of the Black Sea Viysk Fleet in the Crimea Russian empire supra-extremely strengthened its influx on the Black Sea, it took away the exit from the Mediterranean Sea). After the victory over the Turechchina, with the efforts of Krim, we came to Russia. Grigory Potiomkin became the first leader of the highest rank of the Black Sea Fleet and, by order of Catherine the Great, he was also a wake-up man at the Russian pivdni, for example, Katerinoslavl, Kherson, Sevastopol, Mykolayev. Potomkin became the first ruler of the Taurian Palace in St. Petersburg. Buv was the actual ruler of the Moldavian princedom from 1790 to 1791.Potomkin also introduced the reform of the military uniform, which until the first bula was more unhandled and was mainly for the military looking around, not small of the summer type, through which the stench went in the heat in two tinted uniforms, and the new bula was light and handy, and wore a chicken jacket. that pants are made of light white linen.

The new form was also to finish with a garnoy, like an old one

• Mikita Ivanovich Panin,head of Russian foreign policy in the first half of the government of Katerina Another. Count Panin was one of the most brilliant Russian people of his time. Katerina called yoga encyclopedia . Vіn tsіkavivsya najrіznomanіtnіshmi nutrition in the gallery of sovereign knowledge and znayomy buv z bagatma classic creations of philosophical literature. This Russian diplomat broke the chord, which was a plan for the union of such pivnіchnyh powers, like Russia, Prussia, Sweden, as well as the Commonwealth, like the kingdom of the Polish and Lithuanian princedoms. Pivnіchny chord mav, according to Panin's idea, increase the prestige and significance of Russia, create a union of all the pіvnіchnyh powers. After the palace coup of 1762, having tried to encircle the monarchical power, presenting to the empress a draft of the foundation of the imperial for the sake of reform to the Senate. At the start of the project, Panin gave a sharp criticism of the svaville that he had panuvav in the administration, and urged the zasnuvannya for the sake of 6-8 member ministers; all papers, yakі vymagayut podpisu sovereign, owe boules pass through the council and buti avіrenі be-kim іz ministrіv. Zvichayno, the project was given to the empress, and the next Panin did not waste the settlements.

• Oleksiy Grigorovich Orlovzmusiv of the emperor Peter III to sign an act about the oath of prophecy that vlastuvav yogo vbivstvo, for which he took off the rank of major general. Orlov not otrimav garnoi osviti that vihovannya, not knowing wine foreign language, And yoga nasty manners were shocking, albeit unconcerned at the price, vіn tsіkavivsya science, proteguv Mikhail Vasilovich Lomonosov and Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin, listing with Jacques-Jacques Rousseau. As one of the founders of the first scientific partnership, I will call it “Imperial Economic Sustainability and First Choice of the Head.
• Lev Oleksandrovich Narishkin, at the hour of the coup d'état, was the prisoner of Peter the Third, after which he was arrested, but three years later, at the hour of Katerina's coronation, another yoga was released and appointed the senior head of the school, and before that, he was just the head of the school.