Like the power of nervous processes is the basis of temperament. Tipi nervous system and Tipi temperament. Character. Self-esteem. List of victorious literature

Section 24. Temperament

Short zmist

The concept of temperament. Temperament as the power of the individual. Vznachennya temperament for B. M. Teplovim. The main types of temperament: choleric, sanguine, melancholy, phlegmatic. Spivvіdshenie temperament and zdіbnosti.

A short look back on temperament. Essay on temperament Hippocrates. Typology e. Kretschmer. The concept of types of statues and temperament for W. Sheldon. Investigation of the problem of temperament in children I. P. Pavlova. The main power of temperament that їх show for B. M. Teplov. Understanding the temperament of V. M. Rusalov.

Physiological ambush temperament. power nervous system as the basis of temperament. Vechenya I. P. Pavlova. The strength of the awakening and the galvanism, the vrіvnovazhenіst and the fragility of the nerve processes. Types of the nervous system z I. P. Pavlov. Research on the power of the nervous system, conducted by B. M. Teplov and V. D. Nebilitsin.

Psychological characteristics of temperament and peculiarities of dialnosti of particularity. Principles of folding psychological indications in types of temperament. Psychological characteristics of types of temperament for Y. Strelyau. Peculiarities of spivvіdnoshnja temperament and success of diyalnostі people.

24.1. Understanding about temperament

Temperament is one of the most significant powers of specialness. Interest in tsієї problems vinik over two and a half thousand years ago. Vіn buv vyklikanіnіstі іsnuvannі іndivіdііdііnі vіdmіnnosti, yakі zumovlenі speciіcities of biological and physiological budovі and development of the organism, as well as idiosyncrasies social development, non-recurrence of social connections and contacts. Before biologically educated structures, special temperament lies ahead of us. Temperament signifies the presence of richness of mental powers among people, including the intensity and stamina of emotions, emotional inconsistency, the pace and energy, as well as the number of lower dynamic characteristics.

Irrespective of those who have tried repeatedly to solve the problem of temperament, the problem is brought to the ranks of the most difficult and to the end of the non-violent problems of modern psychological science. Today is a rich day for temperament. However, with all the different manhood, there are more achievements, that temperament is the biological foundation, on which specialness is formed as a social identity, and the power of specialness, enlightened by temperament, is the most stable and dignified.

B. M. Teplov gives such a definition to temperament: “Temperament is called characteristic of given people the continuum of psychic features associated with emotional alertness, so that a quick vindication is felt, from one side, and by the force ofінший" (Teplov B. M., 1985). In this rank, temperament has two components - activityі emotion.

554 Part IV. Psychic power of specialty

Behavioral activity characterizes the levels of energy, strimness, quickness, navpaki, complacency and inertness. In its own way, emotion characterizes the overflow of emotional processes, signifying a sign (positive or negative) that modality (joy, grief, fear, anger, etc.).

For a long time, it was accepted to distinguish between the main types of temperament: choleric, sanguine, melancholyі phlegmatic. The main types of temperament are divided among themselves by the dynamics of viknennia and the intensity of emotional states. So, for the choleric type, it is typical to have a swishy vikayuchi and a strong sense, for a sanguine type - a swishy vikayuchi, a little weakly, a little bit, for a melancholy type - a povilno vikayuchi, a little strong a little bit, for a phlegmatic type - a povilno vikayuchi and a weak feeling. Crimson, for choleric and sanguine temperaments, the swishiness of the rukhivs is characteristic, the general friability and the tendency to a strong outward expression of the feelings (in the rukhakh, moving, mimic thinly). For melancholy and phlegmatic temperaments, navpak, characteristic is the presence of ruhіv and a weak expression of feelings.

Tipi temperament from a glance of butovoї psychology can be characterized in such a way.

Choleric is a man of swedishness, sometimes navit porivchasta, with strong senses that shvidko spalahuyut, clearly express themselves in movі, mіmіtsi, gestures; often - flamboyant, shy to burkhlivih emotional reactions.

Sanguine - a man of swede, rickety, who gives an emotional boost to all the damage; almost yogo axis The ominous behavior, but the stench is not strong and it is easy to change one another.

A melancholy is a person who is excited by the small difference in emotional experiences, but by the great strength of that trivality. Vіn vіdkukuєtsya far from everything, but if it's vіdgukuєtsya, then he cuts strongly, wanting to speak little of his feelings.

A phlegmatic person is a povіlna, vrіvnovazhenа and spokiyna, it is not easy to emotionally catch and cannot be brought out of oneself. Almost yoga calls may not appear.

However, it would be good to think that all people can be divided according to their basic temperaments. There are few who are pure representatives of these types; For the most part, we are afraid to eat okremi rice of the same temperament with other rices. One and the same person in different situations and according to the age to different spheres of life and activity can show different temperaments.

Follow the respect that the temperament does not show the vigor and giftedness of a person. Great zdіbnostі can zaustrichatsya however often for whatever temperament. Among the most prominent talents in any sphere of activity, one can know people with a different temperament. If we take, for example, the largest Russian writers, then in A.S. Herzen - sanguine, in I. V. Gogol and V. A. Zhukovsky - melancholy, in I .A. Krilova and I. And Goncharov - phlegmatic. Two great Russian commanders - A. V. Suvorov and M. I. Ku-

Section 24. Temperament 555

tuzіv - with a glance of temperament, they satisfy a sharp protilezhnіst. Suvorov used to be a typical choleric, and in Kutuzov they were afraid of rice, with a phlegmatic temperament, for example, they were free, calm, cold-blooded.

It is impossible to put food and about those who are the best of temperaments. Skin from them has its own positive and negative sides. Predilection, activity, energy of choleric, slackness, chewiness and strangeness of sanguine, deepness and stupor feel like melancholic, calmness and airiness of phlegmatic quaverness - the axis of application of quiet powerfulness of specialness, volodymimism of temperament. At one time, for any temperament, you can blame the insecurity for the development of unfavorable rice specialities. For example, a choleric temperament can arouse a person who is not striated, sharp, and graceful to post-ynyh "vibrations". A sanguine temperament can be brought to lightness, agility of spreading, lack of depth and persistence of feelings. With a melancholy temperament in a person, an overworldly isolation can vibrate; A phlegmatic temperament can turn a person into a bullshit, inert, bait to all the hostility of life.

Doslіdzhennya problems of temperament may have a good history. Let's take a look at the main stages of the formation of modern phenomena about temperament.

24.2. A short look back on temperament

The creator of the theory about temperament is the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates (bl. 460-377 pp. BC). Vіn stverdzhuvav, scho people raznyatsya spіvvіdshennyam chotirioh main "juices of the body" - blood, phlegm, yellow zhovchі and black zhovchі. Spivvіdnoshennia tsikh "juices of the body" in Greek was signified by the word "kra-sis", as it was later replaced by the Latin word temperamentum-"proportionality", "correct world". Based on the testimony of Hippocrates, Claudius Galen (bl. 130-ca. 200 pp.), the last famous doctor of antiquity, developed a typology of temperaments, like a wine-maker in his treatise “De temperamentum”. Zgіdno s yogo vchennyam, the type of temperament lie in the vіd overvagance in the organisms of one of the juices. I saw 13 types of temperament, then the stench was increased to chotiroh. Qi chotiri name the type of temperament you are good at:

sanguine (Lat. sanguis- blood), phlegmatic (type Gerch. phlegma- mucus, sputum), choleric (type Greek. chole- jovch) and melancholy (from Greek. melaschole- Chorna jovch). This concept can make a great contribution to their long run. Confirming this is the fact that before now proponed by Galen, call the types of temperament the widest.

At the next century, the elders, postering a significant change in behavior, which zbіgaєtsya z vіdmіnnosti in statutory and physiological functions, were put in order and seemed to be the rank of grouping vіdminnosti. As a result, the numerical concepts and typologies of temperaments were born. The basis

556 Part IV. Psychic power of specialty

These concepts were put on the basis of nayriznomanіtnіshі risi osobennostі. In a number of concepts of power, the temperament rose as a recessionary birth and appeared to be related to the individual characteristics of the features of the statue. Such typologies took away the name constitutional typologies. In that number, the largest nabula has a typology proponated by Ege. Kretschmer, who was born in 1921 having published his famous work “Budova body, and character”. It is a headline idea for someone who, with a singing type of statue, can create songs of mental peculiarities. e. Kretschmer proved impersonal vimiryuvan parts of the body of people, which allowed him to see some constitutional types: leptosomatic, picnic, athletic, dysplastic (Fig. 24.1).

1. Leptosomatic characterized by a crooked stature, high growth, flat chest. clitina, broad-shouldered, long and thin lower kіntsіvkami.

2. Picnic - a man with pronounced adipose tissue, overly ridged, characterized by small or medium growth, spreading out with a large belly and a round head on a short neck.

3. Athletic a man with a wide musculature, a stature, characterized by a high or medium stature, broad shoulders, a narrow stegna.

4. Dysplastic - a person with a formless, irregular everyday life. Individually characterized by different deformations of the statue (for example, transcendental growth, disproportionate statue). With the names of the types of life of the body, Kretschmer spivvіdnіt three types of temperament, yakі vіn naming: schizotimik, iksotimikі cyclotimic. Schizothymic maє asthenic staturu, faults of closures, shy to the point of shaking, stubborn, not shy to change settings and looking, forcibly

Rice. 24.1. Constitutional tips for E. Kretschmer

Section 24. Temperament 557

stick to otochennya. On the vіdmіnu vіd nіgo іksotimіk maє athletic status. This is a calm, unfamiliar person with streaming gestures, that mime, with a low gnuchkistyu thought, often drib'yazkova. The picnic statura may be cyclothymic, and the emotions are fluctuating between joy and sum, and easily in contact with people and realistic looks.

Kretschmer's theory has gained the most breadth in Europe. At the 40s. USA. XX Art. W. Sheldon's concept of temperament gained the most popularity. At the heart of this concept is the admission, that the body and temperament are two mutually related parameters of a person. In the author's opinion, the structure of the body determines the temperament, what is its function. Sheldon came up with hypotheses about the basis of the main types of statuary, describing how wines are based on terms from embryology.

We have seen three types: 1) endomorphic internal organs); 2) mesomorphic (from the mesoderm, m'yazova tissue is dissolved); 3) ectomorphic (skin and nerve tissue develop from ectoderm). People with an endomorphic type are dominated by a weak stature with an excess of adipose tissue, for a mesomorphic type they are characterized by a string and a small body, great physical strength, and for an ectomorphic type - a tendinous stature, a flat chest and thin muscles with weak muscles. According to Sheldon, these types of statura are distinguished by singing types of temperaments, named by him fallow in terms of the functions of the singing organs of the body: viscerotonia (in Latin glhset - guts), somatotonia (in Greek. zota - body) and cerebrotonia (Lat. sergeum - brain). Particularly for the singing type of statue, Sheldon calls it viscerotonics, co-matotonics and cerebrotonics and respects that a skin person can be called all groups of authorities. The protection of authority for people is assigned to the importance of the quiet chi of other authorities, (Table 24.1).

In modern psychological science, most constitutional concepts are caused by harsh criticism across underestimation they have a role the middle and social minds in the formation of psychic powers of the people For more serious respect, meritorious concepts are based on the consideration of the features of the functioning of the nervous system, which plays a dominant role in the body. The theory of the connection between certain impertinent powers of nervous processes and types of temperament was proposed by I. P. Pavlovim, she took away further development and experimental confirmation in the work of yoga followers. Conducted by Pavlov's study deservedly ranks as the most important understanding of the physiological foundations of temperament.

Pavlov's achievements in the field of widowhood psychology were formed about temperament as a power of specialness, a significant world of delusions and innate characteristics of a person. For example, B.G. Noto 5ar1ep5 vyyavlyayutsya in the makings, and th in temperament.

558 Part IV. Psychic power of specialty

Table 24.1

Vidminnosti in types of temperaments (for W. Sheldon)

tipi temperament
Viscerotonia	Somatotonia	Cerebrotonia
Set the relaxation	Impeccability at the post	HOST1 galvanization) at ruhs,
ta ruhah	ta ruhah	skutistity at the postavi
Love to comfort	Smilnist to physical	Nadmirna fiziologichna
	activities	reactivity
Povіlna reaction	Energy	Promoted swedishness

Addicted to life	Rukhah needs	Smilnist to usmatnennya
	and satisfaction with them
Socialization of Kharchovo	Dominion needs	Skhilnist to mirkuvan,
consume		Vinyatkova respect
Salting in the process	Skhilnіst to riziku u grі	Feeling the attraction, emotions
pickling		flax galvanism
Love to company	Rishuchi manners	Self-control of mimicry
friendly wiggles
Sociophilia (love	Horobrist	Social phobia (fear of
to a suspіlnogo life)		community contacts)
Privitnistst iz usima	Strong aggressiveness	Galmovaniye at spіlkuvanni
The heat of love is that praise	Psychological	Uniqueness of the standard
alienated	callousness	diy
Orientation to others	claustrophobia (fear	Agoraphobia (fear of seeing
	closed space)	space)
Emotional jealousy	The sound of speech	Installations not transferring
		(behaviors)
Tolerance
Turbo-free satisfaction	Spartan vitrivality to pain	transcendent sensitivity

Good dream	Good behavior	Poor sleep, chronic
		toma
Vision of vibukhovy emotions	Starry look confirm	Youthful life is that
that vchinkiv	more summer age	subjective thought
Softness, lightness in corystyvanni	Objective is that wide mouse	Concentrated prihovane that
that zvnіshny virazhennі pochutіv	lazy, direct calls	subjective thought
Comrade and relaxed	self-singing, aggressiveness	Resistant to di alcohol
no alcohol infusion	iodine infused with alcohol	goals and other reirssants
The need of the people	Demand diyah	Need on your own
have an important hvilina	have an important hvilina	have an important hvilina
Orientation to children and family	Job orientation	Orientation to summer
	youthful age

characteristics that characterize the dynamics of mental activity. The individual characteristics of temperament are explained in a different equal development of quiet and other powers of temperament. To the most significant powers, the temperament was brought as follows:

1) Emotional alertness. Under the influence of power, the building of reacting to the arc of weak sounds and internal forces was awakened.

2) Vigilance of respect - the power of temperament obumovlyu attaches to the functions of the psyche of the individual. Vono polagaє at zdіbnostі

Section 24. Temperament 559

note the marginally small change in the intensity of the sub-razor, which is added.

3) The power of emotion. The main function of this power Teplov bachiv in "epsrgnizatsii diyalnosti" in staleness in the form of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with motives. (Modern psychologists name the intensity and modality of emotional manifestations.)

4) Anxiety. Under the anxiety of Warmth, in emotional alertness in a threatening situation. Moreover, vin pod_lyav trevozhnіst and emotional irritability in normal minds. One of the reasons for such a thought is those that emotional anxiety does not lie in the strength of a podraznik, but anxiety, on the other hand, is overwhelmed by it at the direct fallow land.

5) Reactivity of mimic ruhіv. The function of this power of influence has a greater intensity of positive reactions to situations and sub-studies, which are uninterruptedly active at a given moment.

6) Activity of volovoї purposeful activity. Tsya power, but Teplov's thought, is manifested in the increased activity of adhering to the way of changing the situation, apparently to the point.

7) Plasticity - rigidity. Function tsієї vlastivostі polagaє in pristosuvannі to vimog іyalnostі, scho change.

8) Resistance. Tsya vlastistost polagaє in zdatnosti repair opіr us vnutrіshnіm i zvnіshnіm minds, scho to loosen or tumble rozpochata diyalnіst.

9) Subjectivity. The function of the power of authority Teplov is at a more powerful level, in the middle of the activity of subjective images and concepts.

From the introduction of more characteristics of power to temperament, proponed by Teplov, the next two main visnovkas were developed. First, the powers of temperament appear in the dynamics of mental processes that activity level of the individual. In another way, temperament is the most important rank of tie-ups from work. The positions of the position were rozvinenі at the farther doslіdzhennyah vіtchesnyany vchenih.

Vіdomy psychophysiologist V. M. Rusalov on the basis of the concept of the power of the nervous system, citing the principles of the 1980s. own interpretation of authority to temperament. This concept is meritorious for respect, the shards in it were insured by the achievement of modern physiology. Rusalov, based on the theory of the functional system of P.K. Niyuvosti temperament, Shaho Vіdpovіdyutyu for the breadth of Aboy Vuzkіsti aid to the synthesis (stingy duty), the lungs of the ruler with the Sneanniki reports to Inshu, Schwidkіst Vincannya of the flows of the bonds of the actual result of the DIA with the acceptor.

Vidpovidno to the traditional psychophysiological assessment of temperament has changed and the replacement of two parameters - activity and sensitivity -

560 Part IV. Psychic power of specialty

were seen already some components: ergіchnіst (vitrality), plasticity, brilliance and emotion (sensitivity). All these components of temperament, according to Rusalov, are biologically and genetically educated. So, the temperament lies in the power of the nervous system, and the stink, in its own right, is to be understood as the main characteristics of 4 "functional systems, which ensure the integrative, analytical and synthetic activity of the brain, the entire nervous system in a flash.

From a glance, the concept of temperament is the same psychobiological category in the sense of the word, which is not the same as the innate, nor the fallow in the medium. Pong for Vislova author danoї kontseptsії, Je "System uzagalnennya" genetichno tasks іndivіdualnih bіologіchnih vlastivostey Lyudin, SSMSC, "vklyuchayuchis in rіznі Vidi dіyalnostі, postupovo transformuyutsya i utvoryuyut Square od zmіstu samoї dіyalnostі uzagalnenu, yakіsno nova іndivіdualno stіyku іnvarіantnih vlastivostey system" (Rusalov St M., 1979).

Vidpovidno up to two main types of human activity - subject activity and interplay - skin from the vision of power temperament is to be seen clearly, shards are transferred, which in these types of activity stench manifest itself in a different way. So, according to Rusalov, the psychological characteristic of temperament is the power of the nervous system itself, and the typical features of the transition of mental processes and behavior, like data of the power of power, are generated. For example, activity, like a power of temperament, in cognitive mental processes is manifested in the fact that a person can focus on a singing object or another aspect. In my line, the tempo is manifested in the way that mental processes flow smoothly.

Zbudlivost, galmіvnіst and switching characterize the swidkіst of vindication and attachment of that rank of the other cognition process, or of the yogo switching from one object to another. For example, deyakі people regularly turn on to intellectual activity, or they mix with the same topics in a different way. In addition, it is easy to remember what to guess the information. Here, too, there is a trace on the court, that the special features are designated not to signify the well-being of people.

Most of the authors of the significant world show the power of temperament and show the physiological features of the body. Let us get to know from the point of view of the physiological foundations of temperament, which has developed in virtuous psychology.

24.3. Physiological basis of temperament

I. P. Pavlov, investigating the peculiarities of the mental reflexes in dogs, having gained respect for individual vigilance in their behavior and in the overrun of the mental-reflex activity. The values of intelligence were shown to us in front of such aspects of behavior, like the speed and accuracy of understanding the mental

Section 24. Temperament 561

reflexive, as well as the peculiarities of their fading. This situation gave the possibility to make a hypothesis about those, which are assigned to powers, cannot be explained more by the diversity of experimental situations and that they are based on fundamental powers of nervous processes. In Pavlov's thought, to these authorities one can see the power of awakening, galvanism, their vrіvnovazhenіst and sluggishness.

Pavlov distinguished the power of agitation and galvanism, respecting both of them with the independent powers of the nervous system. The power of awakening vibrates the practice of the nervous cell. It manifests itself in functional vibrancy, so that in the zdatnosti of the nervous system, there is a trivale (or short-hour, but stronger) awakening, without going over to the proliferative camp of galmuvannya. The strength of the galvanization is understood as the perfection of the nervous system during the implementation of the galvanization and manifests itself in the building before the adoption of various galvanic mental reactions, such as the extinction of that differentiation.

Speaking about the urgency of nerve processes, Pavlov mav on the vase of the revival of the processes of awakening and galvanization. A person is neurotic, if the strength of one of these processes overcomes the strength of another. The quarter of the power of the nervous system - the fragility of nerve processes - is manifested in the rapidity of the transition from one nervous process to another. Tsya power manifests itself in the building up to the change of behavior, apparently to the minds of life, which change. The peace of the power of the nervous system - the transition from one to the other, from the passive to the active, and on the other hand, the protilezhnistyu frivolity - the inertness of the nerve processes. It is important to note that the nervous system is more inert, the more time it takes, it is necessary to go from one process to the next.

Pavlov's visions of the power of nervous processes can establish the same combinations, as they designate so the titles of the Tin of the nervous system, or the type of the greater nervous activity. This type is formed from the characteristic for the individual aggregation of the main powers of the nervous system - strength, vrіvnovazhennosti and frivolity, spіvvіdshannya protsessіv zabudzhennya and galmuvannya. According to Pavlov, there are some basic types of the nervous system, which are close to the types of temperament seen by Hippocrates. Through the manifestations of the strength of nervous processes, strong and weak types are distinguished, like, in their own line, they can share in rіvnovazhenі і nevrіvnovazhenі. In this neuron-innovation type, the type is characterized by over-importance of destruction over galvanism. I nareshti, strong vrіvnovazhenі types podіlyayutsya on ruhlivі and іnertnі.

Vidileni Pavlovym tipi nervous system not only by kіlkostі, ale y for the main characteristics vydpovіdat chotirma classic types of temperament: strong, vrіvnovazheny, ruhlivy type - sanguine; strong, vrіvnovazheny, inert type - phlegmatic; strong, neuro-innovative type with majestic overwhelm of anxiety - choleric; weak type - melancholic.

In this way, according to the type of the nervous system, Pavlov’s mind was born and weakly skhilnі to zmin under the influx of sharpening and vihovannia as the quality of the nervous system. The power of the nervous system is approved

562 Part IV. Psychic power of specialty

the physiological basis of temperament, which is a mental manifestation of the general type of the nervous system.

The role of Pavlov's achievements in the development of modern science is superbly great. However, razroblena him vіdkrittya authority of the nervous system and razroblena on this basis, the typology of the nervous system served as a basis for firming about those that the behavior of a person, like the behavior of a creature, can be explained from the position of physiology. This point of dawn is strong and in our hour and is often heard by physiologists and doctors, but it’s not true. The behavior of a person is more foldable and not only by innate characteristics, but by the minds of the social situation, and inspire by the peculiarities of development.

Pavlov's prototypology became a treasure of a majestic number of achievements and that achievement in my gallery. A lot of physiologists and psychologists carried out further studies on creatures. Have 50 rocky. buli zdіysnenі laboratory doslіdzhennya behavior of older people. As a result of these investigations, which were carried out under B. M. Teplov’s cob eruption, and then V. D. Nebilitsyan’s, Pavlov’s typology was supplemented with new elements, the number of methods was expanded, and the power of the nervous system in humans was expanded, experimentally seen two powers of nervous processes: lability and dynamism. The lability of the nervous system is manifested in the variability of the vein and the attachment of the nerve processes. The essence of the dynamism of nerve processes is to establish the lightness and speed of the establishment of positive (dynamism of awakening) and galvanic (dynamic galvanization) mental reflexes.

At the present time in science, impersonal facts have been accumulated about the power of the nervous system, and in the world of their accumulation, the researchers give less and less significance to the nervous system, even more so to the magic number - “4”, which may appear in all Pavlov’s robots about temperament. The skin of a person can be a whole type of the nervous system, show some, that is, a particular temperament, to become an important side of individual psychological powers, like in activity.

24.4. Psychological characteristics of temperament and special features

Specifically show the type of temperament different. The peculiarities of the temperament of a person are manifested in yoga behavior, and they signify the originality of the dynamics of cognitive activity in that sphere, they are felt in the wakefulness and activity of a person, social and that character of intellectual activity, peculiarities of movement.

In these hours, we can give a complete psychological description of all types of temperament. For folding psychological characteristics

Section 24. Temperament 563

Traditional chotiri tipi ring victorious to the main power of temperament. A lot of these powers were revealed in the works of B.M. The names of the current powers proponed by Teplov were changed, and they also introduced new powers. For example, the power of temperament, called by Teplov “emotional alertness”, in psychological literature is often called sensitivity (sensitivity), and the reactivity of fleeting ruptures, caused by an outburst of sound, is reactive. Changed the name of the other power temperament. Natomist to power temperament began to introduce extraversion-introversion. It is important to understand why it is important to lie down the reaction and the activity of a person - from the outward hostility, which is blamed at the given moment (extraversion), or in the images, the manifestation of those thoughts that appear from the past and the future (introversion).

Looking back at the main power of temperament, J. Strelyau gives such psychological characteristics of the main classical types of temperament.

Sanguine. A person with increased reactivity, but with whom activity and reactivity have a new attraction. Vіn zhvavo, zbudzheno vіdgukuєtsya on everything that attaches yoga respect, I live mimicry and viraznі ruhi. From an insignificant drive of wines, it is louder, and a non-sentence fact can make you angry. According to yoga, it is easy to guess yoga moods, putting people before the subject. The new one has a high threshold of sensitivity, he does not mention even weak sounds and light podrazniki. Volodiyuchi promoted activity and even more energetic and practical, wine is actively accepted for a new right and may be practiced for a long time, without getting involved. Zdatny shvidko zasereditsya, disciplines, for the bazhannya you can stream by showing your feelings for those fleeting reactions. To the taman’s swedish ruhi, the flexibility of the mind, the guiltiness, the swedish pace of movement, the shvidka’s inclusion to the new work. High plasticity is manifested in the sluggishness of feelings, attitudes, interests and exercises. A sanguine easily converges with new people, quickly sounds up to new and powerful situations, without suspense, he does not just switch from one work to another, and then retrains, adopting new skills. As a rule, the fault of the greater world looks at the outer world, lower on the subjective image of that manifestation of the past and the future, then it is an extrovert.

Choleric. As a sanguine person, he is struck by a small sensitivity, high reactivity and activity. But in a choleric person, reactivity is clearly superior to activity, which is due to lack of tidying up, unstriking, intolerant, ardent. Vіn less plastic and more inert, lower sanguine. Zvіdsi - great stamina pragnen and interests, great arrogance, possible difficulties in peremicannі respect; more like an extrovert.

Phlegmatic person there is a high level of activity, which significantly outweighs low reactivity, low sensitivity and emotion. Yogo is important to confuse and embarrass. If you laugh out loud at once, you may be left untouched; at times of great inaccuracies, it becomes calm. Ring out at the new bіdna mimіka, ruhi nevyraznі і spoіlnіnі, yak і mova. Om innocent, forcibly switching respect and adhering to a new situation,

564 Part IV. Psychic power of specialty

povіlno perebudovuє navichki and zvichki. When tsimu wine is energy and practical. Tolerance, vitreousness, self-control. As a rule, it is important for you to meet new people, you are weakly aware of outward hostility. For his psychological nature, he is an introvert.

Melancholy. A person with high sensitivity and low reactivity. Increased sensitivity with great inertia leads to the fact that an insignificant ghost can cause tears, outwardly shy, painfully sensitive. Mimicry and ruhi yogo are indistinguishable, the voice is quiet, the ruhi is bіdnі. Sound the fault of your own innocence, fearful, the least difficult to stop you from dropping your hands. The melancholy person is not energetic, persistent, easy to get into trouble and of little use. Youmu pritamanna easily recognizes and lacks respect, increases the pace of your mental processes. The majority of melancholics are introverts.

In modern psychological science, there has been a firm reconciliation that the type of temperament in a person is innate and generally characterizes the peculiarities of the dynamics of nervous processes. Ale yakikh the very authorities of yogo innate organization of wines to lie down - nische vіdomo.

Shards of the characteristics of temperament signify the dynamics of mental processes, it can be assumed that temperament signifies the success of activity. However, it has been established that if diyalness flows in the minds, if it can be considered as normal, then the fallowness is equal to the reach, that is the final result of the day, the peculiarities of the temperament of the day. Regardless of the degree of fragility and reactivity of an individual in a normal, non-stressful situation, the results of activity in general will be the same, shards of rіven reach the head rank due to other factors, and not to temperament peculiarities.

Together, about those observations, they establish this regularity, show that the fallowness, in view of the peculiarities of the temperament, changes in the way of the development of the self-activity. Shche B. M. Teplov having gained respect, that in view of the peculiarities of temperament, people are inspired not by the final result, but by the way of achieving results. Developing this idea, vytchisnyan psychologists carried out a low investigation with a method to establish a fallow between the way of vikonannya and the peculiarities of temperament. We have seen an individual style of activity as a way to achieve results, or a way to sing a song, to dazzle the head rank with a type of nervous system. Result doslіdzhen perevazhnoї bіlshostі avtorіv, Square od Especially doslіdzhuvanih group that experiental situatsіy in yakih vivchavsya types for danih іndivіdіv sposіb vikonannya Act reasonably, pokazuyut scho sama type nervovoї dіyalnostі, i nasampered force that ruhlivіst nervovih protsesіv, іstotno vplivaє on formuvannya Pevnyi style dіyalnostі.

For example, individuals from the first stage of awakening show increased activity, which at the same time give a lot of pardons. Then the stench vibrates their style of activity, the number of pardons changes. On the other side, individuals with overweight galvanization on the cob, as a rule, are few

Section 24. Temperament 565

active, work activity is unproductive, but then we will form their own way of vikonannya activity, and the productivity of their work is sharply growing.

At the end, the next time you see that there are no good or bad types of temperament. Particular frivolity (reactivity) of sanguine can bring an additive effect, as a robot will require a change in the objects of splicing, a family to occupy, a frequent transition from one rhythm of life to another. People who are irritated by a weak nervous system - melancholics - are more motivated to win more simple ones, less others. Therefore, the stench is less tired and fights in the face of their repetition. More than that, the scrawny people with a weak nervous system are sensitive to the splendid infusions, i.e. more react to them, then, how to show the follow-up Є. P. Ilyina, most high-class athletes-sprinters may have the same type of nervous system. At the same time, athletes, whose activities flow on the aphids of the superworldly emotional tensions, for example, weightlifting, have their strength with a strong nervous system.

It’s not only impossible for that, but you can’t foolishly change your temperament. The most important is the appearance of the characteristics of the temperament of a particular specialty with the organization of activity.

Control nutrition

1. Describe the temperament as the power of specialness. Give credit to temperament for BM Teplovim.

2. Tell about the main types of temperament (choleric, sanguine, melancholy, phlegmatic).

3. Why do you think the essence of the opinion about the temperament of Hippocrates?

4. What do you know about E. Kretschmer's typology of temperament?

5. Tell about the concept of types of statue and temperament of W. Sheldon.

6. Tell me about the recent problem of temperament in workers I. P. Pavlova.

7. What do you know about B. M. Teplov's temperament?

8. What are the main characteristics and power of temperament for BM Teplov?

9. What do you know about the concept of temperament by V. M. Rusalov?

10. What is the physiological basis of temperament?

11. Tell about the psychological characteristics of different types of temperament.

12. Why are the peculiarities of temperament and success of a person's activity manifested?

1. Ananiev B. G. Selected psychological practices: In 2 vols. Vol. 1 / Ed. A. A. Voda-Liva, B. F. Lomova. - M: Pedagogy, 1980.

2. Bodalov A. A. Psychology about specialty. - M: MDU Publishing House, 1988.

3. Gippenreiter Yu. B. Introduction to global psychology: Course of lectures: "Instructional guide" for universities. - M: ChsRo, 1997.

4. Granovska R. M. Elements of practical psychology. - St. Petersburg: Light, 1997.

5. Merlin St. Draw an integral result of singularity. - M: Enlightenment, 1989.

6. Merlin St. Sketch of the theory of temperament. - M: Prosvitnitstvo, 1964.

7. Nebilitsin V.D. The main power of the human nervous system / / Selected psychological practices / For red. B. F. Lomova. - M: Pedagogy, 1990.

8. Rubinstein S.L. Fundamentals of global psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1999.

9. Rusalov St M. Biological ambush of individual-psychological vіdmіnnosti. -M: Pavuka, 1979.

10. I'm shooting. The role of temperament in psychological development / Per. with a subplot. for zag ed. I. V. Ravich-Shcherbo. - M: Progress, 1982.

11. Warm B. M. Selected practices: In 2 vols. T. 1. - M: Pedagogy, 1985.

Current Humanitarian Academy

Barnaul branch

course work

in Global Psychology

"Peculiarities of interrelationship of powers of the nervous system and types of temperament"

Vikonav student:

Sadikova O.M.

Group: ZP-609-U-51

Barnaul 2008

Entry

Visnovok

Glossary

Addendum A "Classification of types of major nervous activity"

Addendum B short description temperament types

Entry

Psychic features of human features are characterized by different powers, which are manifested when community activity people. One of such mental powers of specialness is the temperament of a person.

If speaking about the temperament, then toiled on uvazі bagato psihіchnih vіdmіnnostey mіzh people - vіdmіnnostі on glibinі, іntensivnostі, stіykostі emotsіy, emotsіynoї vrazlivostі, tempo, energіynostі Act reasonably that INSHI dinamіchnі, іndivіdualno-stіykі osoblivostі psihіchnogo Zhittya, povedіnki that dіyalnostі.

Prote temperament and today is rich in what is a controversial and unsolved problem. However, with all the different approaches to the problem, in practice that practice recognizes that temperament is a biological foundation, on which specialty is formed as a social identity. In this order, the temperament is brought to the biologically educated substructure of the specialty.

Temperament influences the dynamic aspects of behavior, more important than the innate character, that power of temperament is the same and unchangeable against other mental features of a person.

The relevance given by those, the first for everything, lies in what is special, what was formed in special certificate people on the basis of genetic intelligence of the th type of nervous system signify the style of life and activity with a significant world. Knowing the type of temperament that vminnya determine the type of a particular person, or a group of people helps to know the pidkhid to a specific person, and it’s better to succumb to her and in the team.

The object of this investigation is the connection between the powers of the nervous system and the types of temperament.

The subject of research in this robot is the type of temperament and the power of the nervous system.

The method of this is the study and analysis of the influence of the powers of the nervous system on the types of temperaments of the people.

To achieve the goal, it is necessary to set a low goal, and

1. Vivechit psikhologo-pedagogіchnu and methodical literature with problems of follow-up.

2. Analyze the understanding and classification of the peculiarities of the power of the nervous system and the type of temperament of a person.

3. Significance of the peculiarities of the interrelationship of the powers of the nervous system and that type of temperament of the person.

Methods of follow-up: theoretical - analysis and synthesis of psychological and pedagogical and methodical literature, similarity and aggregation, analysis and synthesis.

When writing the course work, twenty-two pieces of literature were transcribed. In the main, that monographic literature is valuable, it is compiled by leading facsimiles from the gallery of psychology, and the very practice of such authors as: V.A. Krutetsky, R.S. Nemov, I.P. Pavlov, A.V. Petrovsky, E.I. Rogiv, V.M. Rusaliv.

The practical significance of this work is similar to the knowledge and skills taken away from distant robots, professional and labor activities, as well as to written term papers.

1. Temperament and dominance of the nervous system as a psychological category

1.1 Highlights about the power of the nervous system

The skin of a person may be a singing type of the nervous system, showing something like that. peculiarity of temperament, to become an important side of individual psychological characteristics

Deyakі z poddnán polozhennosti type, yakі zustrіchayutsya most often, but also act more brightly, and can, zgіdno z I.P. Pavlov, to serve as an explanation for the classification of temperaments, as if they were old. And the same: sanguine temperament is characterized by a strong leveling of the strong type of the nervous system, phlegmatic temperament - a strong leveling of the more advanced type, choleric temperament - a strong neurological type, melancholy temperament - a weak type of the nervous system.

Peculiarities of psychic activities that signify yoga, behavior, signs, interests, knowledge, are formed in the process of individual yoga life and that vihovannia. The type of great nervous activity gives the originality of the behavior of a person, imposes a characteristic impression on the whole image of a person - it signifies the instability of his mental processes, their steadiness, but does not signify no behavior, no moral change, a horse.

According to I.P. Pavlov, the dynamics of the overcoming of mental activity and individual peculiarities of the behavior of lying down in the form of individual differences in the activity of the nervous system. Having manifested that spіvvіdnennia of the powers of the two main nervous processes - disruption and galvanism - is the basis of these powers in the nervous activity.

Together with his spivrobitnikami vn, having revealed the three main powers of the nervous system, from a combination of them lays that chishy type of temperament.

1) Roughness of the processes of awakening and galvanization.

2) Balance, chi Vrіvnovazhenіst.

3) The strength of the processes of awakening and galvanization.

The strength of nerve processes is manifested in the ability of nerve cells to endure for a short time, but even more concentrated excitement and galvanism. Tse vyznaє pratsezdatnіst (vitrality) of the nervous system.

The weakness of the nervous processes is characterized by the lateness of the manifestation of trivality and the concentration of excitement and galvanism. In this way, in a weak nervous system, the nervous cells are reduced to a low level of efficiency, and their energy is quickly reduced. However, such a nervous system can be very sensitive: to inspire weaknesses on weak subdivisions will give a strong reaction.

The combination of designations of the powers of the nervous processes of arousal and galvanism was laid the basis for the designation of the types of the main nervous activity. The increase in strength, fragility and virility of the processes of awakening and galvanization to become the type of the nervous system. (Appendix A)

Weak type. Representatives of a weak type of the nervous system cannot be seen by strong, trivalent and concentrated subdivisions. Weak are the processes of galvanization and awakening. When there are strong stimuli, mental reflexes are vibrated. The order of іz tіm is marked by a high sensitivity (that is a low threshold) to diy podraznіv.

A strong neurological type of anxiety. The yogo nervous system is characterized, around great strength, by the over-excitement of the awakening over the galvanism. Breathe in great life energy, but do not gain self-control; vin fuse and non-streaming.

Strong vrіvnovazheny ruhomy type. The yogo nervous system is aroused by the great strength of the nervous processes, their equal and significant fragility. The processes of galvanization and damage are strong and riveting, but the stiffness, friability of them, the change in nerve processes lead to the permeability of the nerve ligaments. To that, this person is a shvidka, it is easy to stick to the smallest minds of life. Yoga characterizes the high opirnist to difficult life.

Strong investment inert type. The yogo nervous system is also characterized by a significant strength and equal nervous processes in order with little fragility. Strong and irritating nerve processes are perturbed by small friability. Representatives of this type of sound are calm, equal, and very alert.

From Teplovim, we can outline the structure of the powers of the nervous system:

1) strength (vitrality),

2) dynamism (ease of generation of the nervous process),

3) fragility

4) lability (swiftness of vindication and attachment of the nervous process).

The skin of these authorities can be different according to the difference between the process of awakening and the process of galvanization: Otzhe, you need to talk about the nervousness of the nerve processes in the skin of these authorities.

Conductive fahivets іz temperament problems - Nebilicin іz spіvrobіtniki vyvchav group of the main powers of the nervous system, іsnuvannya more of them installed with sufficient firmness, including zastosuvannyam factorial analysis. All the powers of power characterize, from the skin of one's own sight, the dynamics of the skin from the two main nerve processes - awakening and galvanization. Speaking about the dynamism of the nervous system, Nebilicin can actually have two powers - the dynamism of the awakening and the galvanization, so it goes, talking about the strength of the nervous system, we may actually have two powers - the strength of the nervous system - the dynamism of the awakening and the dynamism of the galvanism . Shards and dominance are elementary examples of two fundamental nervous processes, they are called primary.

Prior to secondary powers, Nebilicin has a number of additional indications of the nervous system, possessing the same primary powers, which characterize two protilazhny nerve processes - damage and tampering.

For the analysis of the biological system V.M. Rusalov hanging the concept of blatant and private constitutions to the human body. As far as the concept is concerned, the basis of temperament lies in the power of the sacred constitution of the human body, which is seen as the sum of all private constitutions, i.e., all physical and physiological powers of the individual, fixed in the mind of the individual.

The most important opinion was reported by V.M. Anokhin about the integrative activity of the brain, which is seen as a new stage in the development of the brain I.P. Pavlova. Zastosuvannya tsієї kontsії allowed kak razkriti structure and organization zagalnyh authorities of the nervous system, and y to introduce from it a number of fundamental authorities temperament.

The type of the main nervous activity is considered to be the natural high data, the power of the nervous system is born. On this physiological basis, different systems of mental connections can be established, so that in the process of life, mental connections will be differently formed in different people: in this person, a type of higher nervous activity is manifested. Temperament is a manifestation of the type of the nervous system in activity, behavior of a person. Only if you know the power of the nervous system, its number and variations, you will be able to establish a possible structural organization of temperament types.

1.2 Physiological psychological basis temperament types

The creator of the theory about temperament is the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates. Vіn stverdzhuvav, scho people raznyatsya spіvvіdshennyam 4 main "juices" of life - blood, phlegmy, zhovtoї zhovchі and black zhovchі, which enter to the yogo warehouse. Vykhodyachi iz yogo vchennya, nayvіdomіshiy after Hippocrates the liar of antiquity Claudius Galen having developed the first typology of temperaments. Zgіdno z yogo vchennyam type of temperament lie in the vіd overvagance in the organism of one of the juices. We have seen temperaments, which in our time may be widely popular: sanguine (Latin sanguis - "shelter"), phlegmatic (Greek - phlegma - "phlegm"), choleric (Greek chole - "zhovch"), and melancholy (from the Greek melas chole - "black jovch"). This fantastic concept is small, a great investment in the richness of the rich century.

Temperament - the right spіvvіdnoshnja characteristics vіd tempero - zmіshuyu іn the slough camp - characteristic of the individual from the side of the dynamic features of yogo mental activity, tobto. pace, speed, rhythm, intensity, what to establish the qiu diyalnist of mental processes and states.

The rest of the descriptions that are victorious in modern psychology, belong to the German philosopher I. Kant. Vіn saying that from a physiological point of view, if one looks at temperament, one can take into account the physical constitution (weak or strong statuary) and complexion (rare, for additional life strength or naturally rotten in the body. )

Ale z look psychological, tobto. as the temperament of the soul (feel good and bad luck), it’s virazi that the authorities of the blood stand, they were appointed only by analogy with the grey, it’s like a bad luck with bodily ruinous reasons (for such blood is the head of the head).

Golovne raspodil vchennya about temperaments like this: temperaments are more sensitive and temperaments are divided into two types, which in totality give chotiri temperaments.

To temperamental, Kant zarahuvav: sanguine and yogo protylezhnist - melancholy. The first one may be special, which seems to be visible on the swede, which is stronger, but it does not seem to penetrate deeply (do not be trivaly); in another, the temperament seems to be less pronounced, then let the roots grow deeper. At whom one should be able to recognize the temperament of the sensible, and not the pretentiousness to the merriment, or confusion.

From the most recent hours, pastors, postering a significant change in behavior, which are important in terms of status and physiological functions, tried to put them in order, as if they were the order of their groups. So they called out different typologies of temperaments. Of greatest interest is those of them, who have a powerful temperament, which are conceived as recessive or congenital, appeared with individual differences in the features of the statue. Tsі typologies displaced the name of constitutional typologies. So the typology was the most wide-spread, proponed by E. Kretschmer.

The main yoga idea was that people with a singing type of addition may have a singing mental peculiarity. It was carried out anonymously vimiriv parts of the body, which allowed him to see 4 constitutional types:

LEPTOSOMATIC - characterized by a crooked stature, high growth, a flat chest wall. Shoulders vuzki, lower kіntsіvki - long and thin.

PICKNIK - a man with pronounced adipose tissue, superficially smooth, characterized by small or medium growth, spreading with a large belly and a round head on a short neck.

ATELETIC - a person with a loose musculature, a militant stature, a characteristic high or medium height, broad shoulders, a narrow stegna.

DYPLASTIC - people with a shapeless, irregular life. Individually characterized by different deformations of the statue (for example, transcendental growth, disproportionate statue).

With the names of the types of life of the body, Kretschmer spivvіdnosit 3 types of temperament types, as they call wines: schizotimik, iksotimik and cyclotimik. Shizotimik maє asthenic staturu, faults of closures, shy to the colivan of emotions, stubbornness, little responsive to changing attitudes and looking, forcibly sticking to sharpening. On the vіdmіnu vіd nіgo іksotimіk maє athletic status. Tse calm little spilled people with streaming gestures, that mimicry, with a low gnuchkistyu thought, often dribly yazkova. The picnic statura may be cyclothymic, and the emotions are fluctuating between joy and sum, and easily in contact with people and realistic looks.

In the basis of Sheldon's glances, there is also an admission about those who have a body and temperament - these are 2 parameters of a person who is related to themselves. The structure of the body determines the temperament, which is its function. W. Sheldon came out of the hypothesis about the basis of the main types of statues, describing how wines are based on the terms of embryology. I saw 3 types.

Endomorphic (with endodermis, the internal organs are most important);

MESOMORPHIAN (from mesoderm m'yazova tissue is dissolved);

ECTOMORPHIC (from ectedermis, skin and nerve tissue develop).

When tsmu people z endomorphic type domineeringly weak stature with superfluous adipose tissue; mesamorphic type of domineering mother string that mіtsne body, great physical stamina that strength; and ectomorphic - a tenditny organism, a flat chest wall, long thin tips with weak muscles.

According to W. Sheldon, the types of statures are described as singing types of temperaments, named by him fallow in terms of the functions of the singing organs of the body: viscetronia (lat. viscera - "fillings"), somatonia (Greek. soma - "body") and cerebrotonia (lat. cerebrum - "brain").

On the thought of I.P. Pavlova, temperament is the "basic rice" of the individual features of a person. They are divided into such ways: sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric and melancholy.

French opinion A. Foulier added to the classification of Hippocrates on the basis of the intensity and severity of reactions. Vin seen:

1. sensitive people with a swish, but a low-intensity reaction (closer to sanguine);

2. sensitive people with a general reaction, a little intense (melancholy);

3. people who are active with a quick and intense reaction (cholerics);

4. active people with a common and deadly reaction (Phlegmatics).

At this hour, science can suffice for a number of facts to give a complete psychological characterization of all types of temperament behind a singing string program. However, for the folding of the psychological characteristics of the traditional 4 types, one sees the following main power temperaments:

Sensitivity is determined by this, which is the least force of the evangelical swells, which is necessary for the vindication of whether the psychic reaction of a person, and which is the speed of the vindication of the reaction.

Reactivity is characterized by a degree of mimicity of reactions to the evangelical or internal forces of the same force (critical respect, figurative word, sharp tone - to make a sound).

The activity is evidence of the fact that the intensely energetic people infuse the earthly light and do the transition to the attainable goals (simplicity, purposefulness, earnestness of respect).

Spivvіdnoshnja reactivity and activity signifies, in view of which the greater world zdrostі diyalnіst people: vіd vypadkovy zvnіshnіh аbo vіdnіshnіkh obstavin, mood, vіpadkovі podії) аbо іd tsіley, nіrіv, perekonan.

Plasticity and rigidity match, how easily that gnuchko sticks a person to the level of inflows (plasticity) or how inertly and indirectly її behavior.

Extraversion, introversion signifies, in view of which it is more important to lie down the reaction and dialness of a person - in view of the outward hostility, which is blamed at the given moment (extrovert), or in the form of images, manifestation of that thought, connected with the past and future (introvert).

Y. Strelyau gives the following psychological characteristics of the main classical types of temperament:

SANGUINE. A person with an increased reactivity, but with whom the activity and reactivity in her are innate. Vіn zhvavo, zbudzheno vіdgukuєtsya on everything that attaches yoga respect, I live mimicry and viraznі ruhi. From an insignificant drive, wine is more difficult, and a non-sense fact can make you angry. According to yoga, it is easy to guess yoga moods, putting people before the subject. The new one has a high threshold of sensitivity, he does not mention even weak sounds and light podrazniki. Volodiyuchi promoted activity and even more energetic and practicable, wine is actively accepted for a new right and may not work for a long time. Zdatny shvidko to be in the middle, disciplines, for the bazhannya you can stream by showing your feelings for those fleeting reactions. To the taman’s swedish ruhi, the flexibility of the mind, the guiltiness, the swedish pace of movement, the shvidka’s inclusion to the new work. High plasticity is manifested in the sluggishness of feelings, attitudes, interests and exercises. A sanguine easily converges with new people, quickly resonates to new and powerful situations. Without zusil, they don’t just switch from one work to another, but they relearn, discovering new skills. As a rule, the fault of the greater world looks at the outward manifestations, lower on the subjective image of that manifestation of the past that future, an extrovert.

A sanguine person is easily blamed, easily changed. The lightness, with which a sanguine person establishes and reshapes new temporal links, the stereotype’s friability is great, it is also found in the sanguine roaring frivolity, showing the deak’s sillness to instability.

CHOLERIC. Like a sanguine person, he is a little sensitive, high reactive and active. But in a choleric person, reactivity is clearly superior to activity, which is due to lack of tidying up, unstriking, impatient. Fuse. Vin is less plastic and more inert. Chim sanguine. Zvіdsi - great stamina pragnen and interests, great napoleglivstvo, possible difficulties in remembrance of respect, more likely an extrovert.

PHLEGMATIC is highly active, which significantly outweighs low reactivity, low sensitivity and emotion. It’s important to laugh and embarrass yourself - if you laugh loudly for a long time, you can become unharmed. For great inaccuracies, one becomes calm. Ring out at the new bіdna mіmіk, ruhi neviraznі y upovіlnіnі, like mova. Vіn nevygadlivy, forcibly shifting respect and sticking to the new environment, regularly changing the habits and zvichki. When tsimu wine is energy and practical. Tolerance, vitreousness, self-control. As a rule, it is important for you to meet new people, you are weakly aware of your anger, you are an introvert. Not a lot of phlegmatic and yogo inertness, little rotability. Inertness is also indicated on the basis of stereotypes, problems of yoga. However, the quality, inertness, may be positively significant, spryaє gruntovnosti become a specialty.

MELANCHOLIC A person with high sensitivity and low reactivity. Increased sensitivity with great inertia leads to the fact that an insignificant ghost can cause tears, outwardly shy, painfully sensitive. Mimicry and ruhi yogo are indistinguishable, the voice is quiet, the ruhi is bіdnі. Sound the fault of your own innocence, fearful, the least difficult to stop you from dropping your hands. The melancholy is not energetic, non-intrusive, easily gets into the act and is a little practical. Youmu pritamanna easily recognizes and lacks respect, and increases the pace of all mental processes. The majority of melancholics are introverts.

The melancholic is sorom'yazlivy, unruly, timid. However, in a calm, serene environment, a melancholic person can successfully cope with life's tasks.

Until this hour, the main types of temperament are those chotiri, as they were seen by ancient science: sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic and melancholy. Appearing in that, which is a person's temperament, it starts to sound like some psychological features characteristic of the individual. A person with a memorable mental activity, who is quick on the right foot, who often changes the enemy, easily survives failures and inaccuracies, lively, fluctuating, with a vivacious mimicry and rukhami call sanguine. I’m unfazed with a person, with a steadfast exaltation and a mood, with a steadfastness and a depth of sensibility, with an equanimity of dey and mov, with a weak, sound viraz of spiritual becoming, they call a phlegmatic. People are more energetic, more able to cope with a particular predilection, quick-witted and rvuchkoy, slender to boisterous emotional spalahs and sharp changes in mood, call them choleric with swift hands. A person is at odds, with deep feelings, easily injured, but weakly reacts to the pain, with streaks and muffled voices, they call melancholic. The skin type of temperament of power has its own spіvvіdnoshennia psychіchіkh authorities, us before different step activity and emotions, as well as quietness of other motility features. Pevna structure of dynamic manifestations characterizes the type of temperament.

The diversity of temperaments is most manifested in the character of mental activity, movement, emotion. As the main characteristics of emotionality, they see volatility, impulsiveness, stamina and emotional stability. The motor, ruhovy component of the temperament is clearly seen in behavior and manifests itself as swedishness, strength, sharpness, the wild rhythm of ruhiv and movement. The total psychic activity of a person is connected from exercises to self-expression, mastering that transformation of a new world.

The central place in the characterization of temperament is occupied by the overall mental activity. Relying on uvazі not zmіst activity, not її directivity, the very її dynamіchnі svooblivnostі, the very energetic rіvіnі behavior. Vіdmіnnostі mіzh people schodo tsgogo more great. The steps of activity vary from dullness, inertness to one pole, to turbulent manifestations of energy - to another.

In such a way, according to which distribution you can develop a pleasant vysnovka, which features of psychic activity, which signify your motives, behavior, zvichki, interests, knowledge, are formed in the process of individual life, in the process of vihovannia. The type of great nervous activity gives the originality of the behavior of a person, imposes a characteristic impression on the whole image of a person - it signifies the instability of his mental processes, their steadiness, but does not signify no behavior, no moral change, a horse.

2. Analysis of the relationship between the powers of the nervous system and the type of temperament of a person

2.1 The main power of the temperament of the special

It has been reported that there are no two people on earth with the same visor of fingers, that on a tree there are no two absolutely identical leaves. So nature itself does not have absolutely the same human specialties - the specialty of a skin person is unique. Prote people are not peopled by a ready-made specialty. Ney vin stavat step by step. Vzhe s rannіh Kindergarten rokіv from Demba sposterіgayutsya svoї іndivіdualnі osoblivostі psihіki, tsі osoblivostі duzhe konservativnі i stіykі, zmіnyuyuchis nabagato povіlnіshe, nіzh vіdomі us vlastivostі osobistostі (Look i perekonannya, RISS character zdіbnostі), stink utvoryuyut svoєrіdny psihologіchny ґrunt on Money Does Zgoda fallow in the form of її singularities grow singly singularities. Such stable and powerful people in the form of people with mental traits and power temperament.

In psychology, the classification of temperaments was taken away from the recognition, based on the appearance of such psychological features, which are used to mean the terms extraversion, introversion. zvishnіshnіm svіtom, pulling up to new hostility, impulsiveness, comradeship, rising momentum and moving activity. The introverted type is characterized by the fixation of interests in one's inner world. Introverts, as a rule, are closed, socially passive, shy to introspection, know the difficulties of sticking to the extraneous action. Falsely in the presence of a psychic function, K. Jung saw a sensible, emotional, introverted and intuitive extrovert and introvert type.

Nadalі vіdmіnnostі on ekstraversії-іntroversії and takozh vіdmіnnostі schodo emotsіynoї stіykostі (de on one polyusі - stalіst nastroїv, vpevnenіst in sobі, a temple opіrnіst negatively vplivam, and іnshomu polyusі - rіzka zmіna nastroїv, obrazlivіst, dratіvlivіst scho poznachayutsya words "rіven trivozhnostі ") G. Eysenck got involved in a connection with the authorities over the powers of the nervous system. (Appendix B)

It appeared, zocrema, that signs of extraversion, as well as signs of emotional resilience, may at their core have a less reactive nervous system, as well as signs of introversion, as well as emotional anxiety, due to greater high reactivity. With this, it appeared that extraversion and introversion, emotional stability and high anxiety can appear in different occasions. The new side of rezultatі namіtivsya pіdhіd to major tipіv temperament: poєdnannya ekstraversії that emotsіynoї stіykostі (sangvіnіk) poєdnannya ekstraversії that emotsіynoї nestіykostі (choleric) poєdnannya іntroversії that emotsіynoї stіykostі (phlegmatic), poєdnannya іntroversії that emotsіynoї nestіykostі.

Weak virazhenіst vlasne friability (minimal shvidkіst vyniknennya and pripinennya damage and galvanization), that is. The inertness of nerve processes can be both negative and positive. The negative side of inertia is the upovіlnіnіst of dynamic changes, the positive is the truvalіst of saving, the stability of mental processes. Vidpovidnі psihologichnі vіdmіnnostі zumovlyuyut, nasampered, osoblinosti course of activity, and chi not її її effektivnіst.

Like and be-yak psychic power, power temperament, є deyakі potency, scho vyyavlyayutsya or not manifested in the staleness of low minds. The degree of manifestation of temperament in the minds of the minds is so far that, with the same temperament, they can, at the same time less, in different minds show even more similar and instill the same mental traits, even though the stench of the same mind is directly snowy.

The dominance of the temperament of the greatest degree and the posture in pairing with the lesser mental characteristics of a person. A special feature of temperament and those, different from the power of temperament, given people do not like each other, but naturally appear among themselves, approving the same organization, structure, characterizing the type of temperament. Like the dominance of the nervous system and the dominance of the temperament are absolutely invariable.

Dynamic features of psychic activity lie and in the face of emotions and zazhad in the will, tobto. spіvvіdshennyam emotsіynyh and volovyh particularities. A sign of authority to temperament and those who stink to establish a specific spivvіdnoshennia (krasis), like characterizing the type of temperament with a zahal. Tse spіvvіdnoshennia (krasis) and є a characteristic sign, as from the hour of Hippocrates lie in the basis of the understanding of temperament. Fallow in the light of tsgo spіvvіdnoshennia and skin okrema vlastіvіst temperament nabuvaє specific characteristics.

The power of temperament lie in the power of the body's power. In contemporary psychology, it is blatantly known that the power of temperament can change in the fallacy of mind development. So, for example, Wundt realized that in one person at a different hour all kinds of temperaments can be manifested. The difference between the power of temperament and other individual psychological characteristics may be more likely because, on the basis of mutual relations, minds of life, that activity, that other group of individual psychological characteristics is formed.

The problem of psychological characteristics of temperament in life situations was actively pursued by V.S. Merlinim that yoga spіvrobіtnikami. To specific authorities, the temperament of V.S. Merlin recognizes the peculiarities of the emotional-volitional sphere: activity, strimanity, emotional alertness, quickness of guilt and change of feelings, peculiarities of mood, anxiety, restlessness, as well as low other features of the psyche.

The dominance of temperament depends on the motives and the peculiarities of the character. Temperament and zdіbnosti are resurrected. From then on, to the temperament, one can see, first for everything, born and individually-individual mental power. In some people, the psychic activity runs smoothly, the stench of the call is calm, vrіvnovazhenі, navit povilnі, the stink is rarely laughing, the look of their suvori and cold, the ruhi is stingy and docіlnі. In some people, the mental activity runs like a streak, so people tend to be more rotten, restless, loud, lively, so that in temperament the nature of the excess of mental activity is laid. Distinguish the following domineering temperament:

1) quickness of guilt of mental processes and yogo steadiness (for example, quickness of spontaneity, valor of mindfulness of respect);

2) mental tempo and rhythm;

3) the intensity of mental processes (for example, the strength of emotions, the activity of pain processes);

4) directing psychic activity to be-like objects, regardless of their future (for example, a person's posture exercising before contact with new people, new hostility).

But the dynamics of mental activity lie in the minds of others (for example, in the form of motives and mental states). If a person is zatsіkavlena in a robot, then regardless of the peculiarities of his temperament, he will win out more and more energy. The dominance of temperament, on the basis of motives and mental states, is manifested equally in different types of activity and in different purposes. For example, if a person has a shyness to hvilyuvatisya in front of the building, or in a smart start on the magic, it means that the temple is anxious - the power of his temperament.

The dominance of temperament is not manifested by the people and all in the singing voice, but is developed by the singing succession, shaped like the most profound laws of the maturation of the greater nervous activity, and the specific laws of the maturation of the cutaneous type of the nervous system. The reason for the individual peculiarities of the behavior is swayed by the dominance of the nervous processes of arousal and galvanism and their occasional occasions.

2.2 The influence of the nervous system on the temperament of a person

Psychologists have established that the weakness of the nervous system is not negative power. A strong nervous system successfully copes with some life tasks, and a weak one copes with others. The nervous system is weak - the nervous system is highly sensitive, and in this case, it's a priority. Knowledge of temperament, knowledge of the peculiarities of the natural organization of the nervous system, which contributes to the overrun of mental activity, is necessary for a teacher in yoga's primary and spiritual work. Follow the memory that rozpodіl people chotirma kind of temperament even mentally. Іsnuyut transitional, zmіshanі, promizhnі types of temperament; Quite often, the temperaments of people are combined with rice of different temperaments. "Pure" temperaments trapleyutsya rarely.

Indeed, for a long time it has been seen that the occurrence of mental processes and the behavior of a person in the functioning of the nervous system, which plays a dominant and important role in the body. I.P. Pavlov and took away the development of that experimental confirmation in the robots of yoga followers.

The dominance of the nervous system must be increased in view of the peculiarities of people's behavior in life situations. The natural features of the nervous system can be attached to the system of timchasovyh connections, vibrated by the stretch of life. As if the mental rice had ceased to be more than congenital, having shown the power of the nervous system, it was less possible for the superhuman minds, to this end the problems of individual powers of directing the development of a special system of "life indications", tobto. objectively evaluating the life manifestations of the doslidzhuvanih powers of the nervous system.

Vіdmіnnostі by activity, yakі stosuyuyutsya temperament, act as the main rank of such forms: virazhenіnіst samoї consumption, drіvаnіnі dіyalnym (practical prodovzhennya rozpochatої іyalnostі; force of pressure, vibrіynіst vyroblenyh іy; vitrivalіst stosovno narugi scho z aktіnіstіu); variability of viroblenyh dіy, schilnіst to їkhny variuvannya; rapid characteristics of reactions and rukhiv (їх tempo, yogo growth and fading, sharpness and strіmkіst аbо w аpоіlnenіnії rukhіv).

It has been established that dynamically show activity by the singing rank of mindfulness of authority to the type of the nervous system. Thus, the intensity and stability of activity can be determined depending on the strength of the nervous system, and the intensity of activity and activity and fast characteristics - depending on the fragility and lability. In other studies, it was shown that mental activity is a characteristic of temperament to lie down without a middle and in particular the quality of the nervous system - activation (data from E.A. Golubeva).

It is even of great interest to establish results and achievements, as it was shown that weakness of the type of the nervous system means a lack of strength, low vibrancy, and increased sensitivity, reactivity, tobto. readiness to react to insignificant stimuli (a weaker nervous system is more likely to get involved, it is obvious that it is easier to wake up). And reactivity is also one of the types of activity. In this plan, in particular, due to the weakness of the nervous system, their own change of mind and manifestation of activity. On the basis of reactivity (near the borders of the vitality of the nervous system), one can take the development of a fast-growing, wine-forming form that subtly surrounds the form of activity.

Temperament can be understood as a final thought, but as the final result of the development of the theory of temperament. Vihіdnoy cause ts_єї teorії may but described a sign, with which it is possible to invigorate the temperament of other individual psychological features.

Later, under the temperament, there was a trace of the continuum of stable, individually original powers of the human psyche, the initial dynamics of the mental activity. Qi characteristics, however, show up in different activities independently in view of її zmіstu, goals and motives, tk. the characteristics of the temperament are conditioned by a violent type of the nervous system; The slump factor infects the mental power of temperament in a double order: the morphological features of the nervous system and the physiological power of the type. But if you want the temperament of power to have a downturn, the stink of an hour will recognize a greater or lesser sharp change in the aftermath of the lives of their minds. You may be able to do this:

Severe somatic ailments, especially transferred to early childhood;

In the wake of past health visits;

In the aftermath of psychological conflicts, experienced by the older person;

In the wake of a sharp decline in the butt material minds of the juvenile vice;

At sharp change of the objective minds of life, that weaving in the minds of the pidlіtkovomu.

Also, it is possible to develop a non-traditional visnovka, that the results of life’s old minds can have the status of a change in mental authorities, which will sharply change the psychological characteristics of temperament.

In such a rank, according to the order, according to which the next number of visnovoks were grown, that the greater power of temperament, which are twisted, should, as a rule, have a descriptive character. The number of powers is evident from the singing theoretical model, and is determined by the peculiarities of the factorial processing of the external characteristics of temperament. Later, the characteristics of temperament are not so brought into the activity of differences, as they set the boundaries, protect the body from the supra-great abo, navpak, the supra-small amount of energy.

Visnovok

The skin type of temperament can manifest itself as both positive and negative psychological characters. Energy, passion of a choleric person, as if the stench is straightened out on a hot day, can be valuable agility, but not enough vrіvnovazhenіst, emotion and ruhova, can hang out, for the presence of a sloppy vihovannya, in a non-strimanity, sharpness, posthіvіvnosti. Liveliness and strangeness of sanguine - positive vigor, but for short periods of vihovannya they can lead to the fullness of the indebtedness, to the superficiality, to the splendor of spreading. Calm, bright, the presence of phlegmatic quaverness - this is perevaga. Ale, in unfriendly minds, the stink of vihovannya can stir up people with muck, baiduzhoy to rich hostility of life. Glybina and steadfastness are sensible, the emotional strangeness of melancholic is worthy of rice, but for the marriage of vydpovidnyh vyhovnykh splintering in representatives of this type, the scaling can develop as a whole in the presence of moisture, supermundane rubbish and stinginess. In such a manner, one and the same time the power of the temperament does not signify that the stink of the stench will rise up - in advance or in nedolіki.

The dominance of temperament lies in the same type of the nervous system, not psychologically unrelated to the structureless conglomerate, between them there is a whole regular interrelationship and interdependence

It seems that in the minds of the minds of a weak type of the nervous system, a strong will can develop and, on the other hand, for a strong type of the nervous system, for the minds of a "hothouse" swing, signs of insufficient energy, bezporadnosti can appear. Not every choleric person is smart and not every sanguine person is weird. Such authorities can vibrate. Tse conveying the same self-regulation, self-improvement.

So, podbivayuchi podsumok vyshchezagomogo, I want to once again show that psychologists have been and are engaged in the development of temperament different lands. The methods of cultivation of yoga are intellect and not objective, but the work for whom is directly carried out and bear fruit. There are impersonal theories about the nature of temperament and methods of yoga cultivation. Before the methods, as it was said above, one can see the laboratory, complex, natural method to follow the temperament and that method of caution.

About the nature of temperament, various points of view were discussed, starting from Hippocrates and Galen, they saw 4 types of temperament. The number of types practically invariably attacked and donin and zastosovuyt at the past of modern psychologists. E. Kretschmer pov'yazuvav nature temperament chemical warehouse blood. A. Galler was the first to understand alertness and sensitivity, and yoga scientist G. Vrisberg showed temperament to the peculiarities of the nervous system. I.P. Pavlov experimentally confirmed the theory about the physiological basis of temperament. On the basis of these studies, the development of temperament continues today.

In this rank, the work reveals the physiological basis of temperament. It gives a psychological characteristic of temperaments, reveals the peculiarities of the influence of the powers of the nervous system on types of temperaments. Henceforth, temperament is seen, first for everything, to the biologically educated substructures of specialness and knowledge of one’s type of temperament, insanely, in addition to the virishity of rich problems of development and development of specialness.

Glossary

New understanding	Zmist
Activity	Formally-dynamic characterization of temperament, dynamic-energetic tension of a person's behavior, which is manifested in Yogo's interaction with natural and social light.
introversion	Returning the people to their own self; grieving with powerful problems and experiences that are accompanied by weakened respect before. What does it look like for a long time.
Lability	The power of nerve processes, which is manifested in the building, conducts the same number of nerve impulses in one hour. It is characterized by a quick vindication and an attachment to the nervous process.
melancholic	Lyudin, whose behavior is characterized by an increased reaction to intoxicating stimuli, as well as to current, pink and dry processes.
Sanguine	Type of temperament, which is characterized by energy, advanced practice and quick reaction.
The power of the human nervous system	The complex of physical characteristics of the nervous system, which determines the process of vindication, conduction, transmission and transmission of nerve impulses in various parts of the central nervous system.
Strength of the nervous system	The power of the nervous system is visibly trival and great ambition.
Temperament	Having manifested in the behavior of the neuro-psychic constitution, laid down in people of the people; the continuum of dynamic indications of a person's behavior, as in the general activity of motor skills and emotions.
Temperament (according to Nemov R.S.)	The dynamic characteristic of mental processes and behavior of a person, which is manifested in their quickness, timidity, intensity and other characteristics.
Phlegmatic person	The type of temperament of a person, which is characterized by a reduced reactivity, weakly dispersed, enhanced by a variety of movements.
Character	Sukupnіst yakos osobistosі, scho signify typical ability and її response to the life of the situation.
Central nervous system	Part of the nervous system, which includes the cephalic, intermediate and dorsal cerebellum.
Extraversion	Zvertanіst svіdomosti and respect of the people mainly for those who are in the middle of it.

List of vicorists dzherel

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Addendum A

Classification of types of major nervous activity in Pavlova I.P.

Addendum B

A short description of the types of temperament for G. Akzenk

Zahalna characteristic of temperament. Temperament- the combination of individual features of specialness, which characterizes the dynamic and emotional side of the activity and behavior.

The first food that is to be blamed when looking at temperament is the food about the place and significance of yoga in the rich hierarchy of individual authorities. Being one of the earliest for the adventures and the simplest structure of forms of the greater mental synthesis, yak it is approved, according to the Vistula B.R. The rest of the groups of powers (morphological, biochemical, physiological), as a whole, form the basis of that mechanism for temperament.

The main components of temperament є: intense psychological activity, motility and emotion

Vіd temperament lie down: quickness of vindication of mental processes and their resilience; pace and rhythm of activity and behavior: intensity of mental processes.

Domineering temperament is absolutely inevitable. The stench does not appear from the people and all the time in the singing voice, but develops in the singing sequence, which is conditioned by the general laws of the maturation of the higher nervous activity, and by the specific features of the skin type of the nervous system.

Basic powers of the nervous system. The reason for the individual peculiarities of a person's behavior is swayed by the dominance of the nervous processes of arousal and galvanism and their occasional occasions.

I. P. Pavlov, having taken into account that the three powers of nervous processes determine the type of the most important nervous activity (type of the nervous system).

Tsimi dominion є:

strength - the strength of the nervous system of the visceral strong podrazniki (characterized by the vibrancy and praxis of the nervous clitin);
vrіvnovazhenіst - an indication of the spіvvіdshennya protsesіv zbudzhennya and galmuvannya;
fragility - an indication of the speed of change in the processes of awakening and galvanization.

Power of the nervous system can be public and private (partial). The first ones are showing signs of the temperament of a person, and the others are yoga private special features, which can be intermediated to the characteristics of special

The physiological basis of temperament is the activity of cerebral measles by itself, and the interplay of it is with the tip, as well as the interplay of both signal systems.

Experimentally installed supplementary power of the nervous system;

lability - quickness of guilt and interruption of the awake and galmive processes;
dynamism - quickness and ease of vibration of mental reflexes;
Concentration is an indicator of the beginning of the differentiation of subrazniks.

In rich psychophysiological robots, there are significant correlations between indicators of the physiological powers of the nervous system and the characteristics of the dynamics of mental life, for example, between indicators of the weakness of the nervous system and emotional alertness. Є vagomі pіdstav on the melancholy pripuschennja іstotnoї zalezhnostі power temperament in the main power of neurodynamics.

temperament naming the succession of authorities, which characterizes the dynamic features of the overrun of mental processes and the behavior of a person, their strength, speed, guilt, attachment to that change.

Temperament directly embeds the formation of the character of that behavior of a person, sometimes it determines its inclinations, its individuality, therefore it is not possible to vindicate temperament as a specialty. Vіn acts like a happy partner between the body, especially and cognizant processes.

Domineering temperament people can be less mentally brought to the level of special features, the stench can become more individualistic, shards mainly biologically related and congenital. Temperament- tse biological foundation, in which specialness is formed as a social identity, and the power of specialness, intelligence by temperament, are steady and old-fashioned.

Dominant temperament:

1. The pace (stars, maybe, and called “temperament”) of periodic or cyclical disruptions, which are created by people for the hour of vikonanny chi іnshої activity. Tempo - tse kіlkіst ruhіv for one hour: more such ruhіv, then the greater pace of activity.

2. Shvidkіst vykonannya zovnіshnіh ruhіv chi shvidkіst protіkannya vnutrishnіh, psikhologichnyh protsesіv people.

3. Talking. It manifests itself either in the transition from one turn to the next turn, or in switching from one internal process to another, or, nareshti, at the transition from one psychological state to another. One of the options I will show is power and quickness of reaction, so that the quickness of a person’s transition will become calm (the day of the reaction) until I become awakened (the reality of the reaction).

4. Activity, energy. Under it, the amount of energy is understood, pledged to the child, which is taken by the people, the amount of energy, is stained by the people and for the hour of the day, chi іnshої dії.

5. Emotional ashes, for whom the activity of a person runs, chi, in short, - yoga emotion. Under it, the strength and diversity of typical emotional experiences of people are understood.

6. Investment. It is characterized by the spivvіdshennya protsessіv zbudzhennya i galmuvannya like the nervous system of a person, and in yoga behavior. Apparently, people are called vrіvnovazhenoy, for which the process of awakening and galvanism is approximately the same in terms of strength and trivality. Nevrіvnovazhen - tse people, in which vidpovіdnі processes are divided for strength and trivality. For whom I am awakened, there is a transition from the state of inactivity (calm, idleness) to the state of activity (dії, activity), and for the galmuvannyam - a turning transition: from the state of destruction I become calm.

According to these powers, the temperament of a person is characterized. However, there are the most widespread, typical types of sub-authorities. The stinks took away the name temperament types.

For a long time, it was accepted to distinguish between the main types of temperament: choleric, sanguine, melancholyі phlegmatic.

These are the main types of temperament, nasampered, to be distinguished among themselves by the dynamics of guilt and the intensity of emotional states. So, for the choleric type, it is typical to have a swishy vikayuchi and a strong sense, for a sanguine type - a swishy vikayuchi, a little weakly, a little bit, for a melancholy type - a povilno vikayuchi, a little strong a little bit, for a phlegmatic type - a povilno vikayuchi and a weak feeling. Crimson, for choleric and sanguine temperaments, the swishiness of the rukhivs is characteristic, the general friability and the tendency to a strong outward expression of the feelings (in the rukhakh, moving, mimic thinly). For melancholy and phlegmatic temperaments, navpak, characteristic is the presence of ruhіv and a weak expression of feelings.

Sposterіgayuchi znachne rozmaїttya behavior, scho zbіgаєtsya z vіdmіnnosti vіdmіnnosti u vіdmіnіmіh fіzіologichnіh funktіyakh, namagalis vryadkuvat іt supposedly rank zgrupuvati cі vіdmіnnosti. As a result, the number of concepts and typologies of temperaments . The basis of these concepts was laid on the basis of nayriznomanitnіshі risi speciality.

In a number of concepts of power, the temperament rose like a recessionary birth and appeared to be related to the individual features of the statue. Such typologies took away the name constitutional typologies. In that number, the largest nabula has a typology proponated by Ege. Kretschmer. It is a headline idea for someone who, with a singing type of statue, can create songs of mental peculiarities. E. Kretschmer saw several constitutional types: leptosomatic, picnic, athletic, dysplastic.

At the 40s. USA. XX Art. W. Sheldon's concept of temperament gained the most popularity. At the heart of this concept is the admission, that the body and temperament are two mutually related parameters of a person. In the author's opinion, the structure of the body determines the temperament, what is its function. According to Sheldon, these types of statures are called sing types and temperaments, named after the functions of the sing organs of the body: viscerotonia (filling), somatotonia (body) and cerebrotonia (brain). Particularly for the singing type of statue, Sheldon calls it viscerotonics, somatotonics and cerebrotonics and respects that a skin person can be called all groups of authorities.

The current psychological sciences have more constitutional concepts subject to severe criticism through underestimation of the role of the middle ground and social minds in the formation of the mental powers of the people. The concept, based on the consideration of the features of the functioning of the nervous system, which plays a dominant role in the body, deserves more serious respect.

The largest contribution to the development of the theory of temperament in the psychology of the state was made by B. M. Teplov. Yogo robots, dedicated to the development of power to temperament, have identified the problem of temperament as a modern look, and they have become the basis for further experimental investigations of temperament. Teplov brought to power the temperament of the stance of mental power, which characterizes the dynamics of mental activity. The individual characteristics of temperament are explained in a different equal development of quiet and other powers of temperament.

Vidileni Pavlovym type of nervous system not only for the kіlkіstyu, but also for the main characteristics, they give chotirma the classic types of temperament: strong, vrіvnovazheny, slack type - sanguine; strong, vrіvnovazheny, inert type - phlegmatic; strong, neuro-innovative type with majestic overwhelm of anxiety - choleric; weak type - melancholic.

Under the type of the nervous system, Pavlov is rozumіv narodzhenі and perceptibly weakly poddanі change under the influx of honing and vihovannja the quality of the nervous system. The power of the nervous system establishes the physiological basis of temperament, which is a mental manifestation of the general type of the nervous system.

However, razroblena him vіdkrittya authority of the nervous system and razroblena on this basis, the typology of the nervous system served as a basis for firming about those that the behavior of a person, like the behavior of a creature, can be explained from the position of physiology. This point of dawn is strong and in our hour and is often heard by physiologists and doctors, but it’s not true. The behavior of a person is more foldable and not only by innate characteristics, but by the minds of the social situation, and inspire by the peculiarities of development. Tim is no less, Pavlov's typology has become a treasure of a majestic number of achievements that have been achieved by my gallery.

In the present hour, science has accumulated impersonal facts about the power of the nervous system, and in the world of their accumulation, the accumulated facts give the data of less importance to the type of the nervous system. The skin of a person can be a whole type of the nervous system, show some, that is, a particular temperament, to become an important side of individual psychological powers, like in activity.

It is not the same as the power of temperament, which is manifested in the cognition processes, the activities and the intercourse of people, which signifies his individual style of activity. Vіn є by the system of fallows in the temperament of the dynamic features of the activity, which is to take revenge on the work, typical for this person.

The individual style of activity does not lead to temperament, it is determined by other reasons, including newcomers, which were formed under the influence of life's accomplishment. An individual style of activity is possible as a result of the attachment of the innate powers of the nervous system and the peculiarities of the human body to the minds of consummation of activity. It is possible to secure the achievement of the best results in the activity with the least vitrates.

The core of the individual style of activity is determined by the complex of powers of the nervous system, which is in humans. In the midst of quiet features, which can be seen to the individual style of activity, two groups can be seen:

1. Prydbani at dosvіdі і yakі mаyut compensatory nature hоstоlly nedоlіkіv іndivіdualnyh polіkіvnostі nervoї ї ї sistemy lyudiny.

2. To take the maximum advantage of the inclinations that are evident in a person and the needs, among them brown authorities nervous system.

Distinctness and temperament are tied together in such a way that temperament appears as the sole basis of rich other special powers that are in front of character. Vіn, prote, vyznaє only dynamіchnі show vіdpovіdnyh osobіsіsnih authorities.

In temperament lie so much power of specialty, like irritability, emotion, impulsivityі anxiety.

Razlivist- Tse force on people of different stimuli, the hour of their saving in memory and the strength of their reaction.

Emotion- tse shvidkіst that depth of emotional reaction of a person to those chi іnshі podії.

Impulsivity It manifests itself in the non-striding of reactions, in that spontaneity and appears before, as a person understands the situation that has developed and makes a reasonable decision as a result of his actions. An impulsive person reacts on the spot, and then I think, what did you do right, often sorry about that wrong reaction before.

A troublesome person worries about a slightly disturbing tim, which is often blamed on her for troubled emotional experiences: fear, fighting, fears. Yomu is given that there is a lot of that which Yogo otchuu, carrying a threat for the powerful "I".

The temperament of the singing world pours into the development of the human being's vitality, it is especially quiet, to the warehouse of which there are movements with such essential characteristics, like tempo, quickness of reaction, alertness and galmivnist. Follow the respect that the temperament does not show the vigor and giftedness of a person. Great zdіbnostі can zaustrichatsya however often for whatever temperament.

Temperament- a biological foundation, in which a specialty is formed. Vіdbivaє dynamic aspects of behavior, more importantly inborn character. Some people are hot-tempered, others are calm, thirds are passionate, fourths are inert, which means they have different temperaments. Previously, a sample of the description of the types of temperaments was made by the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates at Y st. BC .

Temperament(from Lat. temperamentum - proper spіvvіdnoshnennja elementіv, proportіynіst) - psychіchіchna vіvvіstії specіvіstі, scho vznachaєєєєєєєєєєєєєєє ієєєєєє ієєєєє ієєєє іє nervаsіvі, scho vplyvaє, іn thіs line, іn dynаmіkі vіgіgu bіgu vіkh psihіchіh yavіchіch. They distinguish between the main types of temperament: sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, melancholy. Tse classical rozpodil people for the types of temperament, but also for other classifications.

Russian physiologist I.P. Pavlov showed temperament from manifestation in mental life type of nervous system i, zokrema, spіvvіdnoshennia of such powers processes zbudzhennya and galmuvannya yak strength (weakness), vrіvnovazhenіst (nevrіvnovazhenіst) and sluggishness (inertness).

Damage– functional activity of nerve clitin centers in measles, which ensures the illumination and activation of mentally-reflex connections, which are related to the functioning of the psyche.

Galmuvannya- the process of extinguishing the Kirk's connections, attaching the activity of nerve cells and centers of measles to the brain.

Strength It manifests itself in the primacy of the nervous system, the primacy of the appearance of strong subdivisions.

Vrіvnovazhenіst processes of awakening and galmuvanya manifests itself with equal strength. Peculiarities of spivvіdnoshennia of the processes of awakening and galvanization: balanced - vrіvnovazhenі, not balanced - not vrіvnovazhenі.

Roughness nerve processes are manifested in change the speed one process іnhim. An indicator of the level of adaptability of the specialty-health of the psyche is re-budding to the point of influx of out-of-this-world subdivisions.

Vihodyachi z tsogo, pіd Temperament follows the mind of the power of the individual, as it indicates the dynamic features of the psyche, such as the pace, speed, intensity.

Changes in strength, evenness and fragility of the processes of awakening and galvanization characterize the specific types of higher nervous activity, the skin z of some of them show their own peculiarity of the overrun of mental processes.

Zalezhno vіd svvvіdnoshnja protsessіv zbudzhennya i galmuvannya I.P. Pavlov saw some of the main types of vital nervous activity, as a way of showing temperament:

The type of major nervous activity is not the same as temperament. The first understanding is physiological, the other is psychological. The type of great nervous activity, which declines a person, becomes the physiological basis of temperament. In the process of life, under the influx of the social environment, whose type recognizes changes, transforming into a phenotype.

The main power of temperament: sensitivity (sensitivity), reactivity, activity, rigidity, plasticity, emotional alertness, extraversion-introversion.

Sensitivity (sensitivity) - tse characterological features of a person, as if they were in the development of sensitivity. Sensitive people in power are fearful, irritable, irritable, anxious, afraid of the new, often complex incompetence, understatement and others.

Reactivity – steps of mimicry of reactions to external or internal forces of the same strength.

Activity – steps of the energy of a person when rushing to the call

niy svіt і podannya reshkod on the way to the point.

Spivvіdnoshenie reactivity and activity vyznaєєtsya tim, owing to the greater world to lie down the diyalnіst people: in vіd vladkovy zvnіshnіh or vnіshnіh obstavin (vіd mood, bazhan, vipadkovyh podіy) or vіd tsіley, namіrіv, pragnin, perekonan people.

Reaction rate It manifests itself in the speed of overcoming various mental reactions and processes: the speed of change, the pace of moving, guilt, the speed of memory, the speed of mind.

Plasticity – naskіlki easily that gnuchko pristosovuєtsya people to zvnіshnіh vplivіv.

Rigidity – power, opposite plasticity. It manifests itself in how inert and inert the behavior of a person, its sounds, judgment. Difficulty shifting the psyche to the fermentation of new minds, the opirnіst of changes, a kind of impenetrability; nezdatnіst sobistnosti chіniti їmіchen їm program dіy umovakh, scho chіnili.

extraversion - introversion : why it is important to lie down the reaction and the activity of the people - from the outward hostility, which is blamed at the given moment (extravert) or in the images, the manifestation of those thoughts, caused by the past and the future (intravert).

Extraversion- It is more important to direct the specialness of the call, to distant people, to the callous apparitions, to come.

introversion- The directness of the individual to the inner light, the power of the "I", the special attention, the feeling, the feeling, the thoughts are more important. This term was developed by K. Jung.

Emotional alertness – rather weak infusion of the necessary blame for the emotional reaction and for some kind of blame.

On this basis, the psychological characteristics of various types of temperament of those manifestations are vibrated:

choleric– high reactivity and activity, increased emotional alertness, plasticity, rigidity, reduced sensitivity, extroversion, acceleration of the rate of reactions;

sanguine– level of reactivity and activity, increased emotional alertness, plasticity, rigidity, decreased sensitivity

activity, extroversion, acceleration of the rate of reactions;

phlegmatic person– low reactivity and high activity, decreased emotional alertness, weak plasticity, rigidity, decreased sensitivity, introversion, increased reaction rate;

melancholic- low reactivity and activity, increased emotional alertness, low plasticity, rigidity, increased sensitivity, introversion, reduced reaction.

In real life, in practice, there are no clearly pronounced "pure" views of temperament, often trapping tips. So, for example, a person can be 20% choleric and 80% sanguine.

We looked at some of the main types of temperament that are impossible to explore all the different forms of individuality. Between them roztashovuyutsya promіzhnі forms and transitional tipi. Until then, there is a trace of memory, that the peculiarities of the manifestations of the psyche lie not only in the form of an authoritative given special type, but also in the form of motives, in the form of furnishings and infusions, which are formed, in the form of special characteristics and the body.

Skin type temperament of power and its advantages and disadvantages

you can’t dilute temperament on good and bad. Just for the temperament of the skin, it is necessary to know that a niche has been created by nature.

The power of the nervous system practically does not change during the process of human life. Ale oskіlki temperament - all faceted social minds the power of the nervous system, then trainings and vihovannyam can be corrected (at the singing boundaries) to show yoga. So, for example, an ardent choleric person can learn to stream to himself, call to self-discipline, to keep up the daily routine. Otzhe, how to teach a person correctly and vihovuvat, develop positive drawings and soften the negative ones, її temperament zaznavatim change, shards won’t be out once again, we’ll catch it and unruly.

Peculiarities of temperament should be healed when choosing and placing people outside the settlements, when choosing a specialty. Various specialties hang their strengths to the business capabilities of a person. The efficiency of the activity is rich in what lies in the psychological characteristics of the temperament.

Peculiarities of temperament following vrakhovuvaty and organization of the initial process, shards of fallow in the dynamic features of the psyche to adopt the initial material. Razlivіst, kmіtlivіst, readiness, activity among the navchannі one that inertnіst, povilnіst, low productivity of others significant world lie down in temperament. And tse, with his blackness, pours into the results of training. For a deep refreshment initial material busy enough to be so that students with choleric temperament are active initial work and the phlegmatic took in all the material; schob zmusiti sanguine buti respectful to weekly; to turn your thoughts and respect quiet, who learns from melancholy rice until it's busy. For this team, who learns from the temperament of the choleric, you can give additional work for training and take it; phlegmatic deyakі thoughts, the position of the material to be repeated; sanguine - periodically put food to stimulate respect; learning from the peculiarities of the melancholy temperament as a stimulus, and pіdtrimuvati їіh іhіres, vpevnіnії u sposobnostі svіshno opanuvati navchalnym material.

Peculiarities of temperament are similar to vrakhovuvaty in the higher robots: in a sanguine person, they periodically exaggerate a little more to the right, to overturn the quality of the victorious task, tobto. control can be daily, but not superficial. Before people with a choleric temperament, one should show a high, systematic, equal, fair power, without showing their rudeness, invincibility, sharpness of the animal; to give a critical assessment of negative rices and to show the paths of their use and subduing. Phlegmatic will require systematic control, sometimes - increased vigor; it is necessary for a new one to vibrate a quick reaction, to get the team to the right, giving instructions and controlling them. In relation to melancholic, especially unacceptable sharpness, flamboyance, malaise, insignificance, undeserved abandonment, as a particularly thin, most vulnerable temperament; respect, chuynist, pedagogical tact are needed.

The shape of temperamental features is necessary for the process of curing people, the traces of the temperamental features of people are directly infused with success, and that very character is creative. And just like a kerіvnik, giving people a task, protecting the peculiarities of their temperaments, then they will achieve greater success, victorious people more rationally.

The most prosperous family bets with the most stable maximum sums of money are energized by opposite temperaments.

In friendly stosunki, people of the same temperament are most likely to be, the Crimea is choleric.

The most universal partners are phlegmatic people, their sovereign temperament, cream of the sun, phlegmatic parries are, as a rule, unfavorable.

Entrustment from the characterized types of temperament, Pavlov I.P. I saw 3 "purely human types" of higher nervous activity: rhetorical, artistic and average.

Dumnius:(overrides the activity of another signaling system of the left brain) detailed analysis yavisch, to abstract abstract-logical thought. Pomіrnі at their pochuttyah, strimanі, zazvichay tsіkavlyatsya mathematics, philosophy, skhilni to scientific activity.

Artistic type:(pervading the activity of the first signaling system of the brain of the right pivkul), the thought is more figurative, emotional, lively accommodating action, pragmatically a wide range of speech, typical lyrics, people of the rozum type look like "suhariv". Tsіkalyatsya theater, mystetstvom, theatre, poetry, music.

Middle type:(80%) "golden mean" - reasonable rational and emotional, one over the other can survive a trifle. According to I.P. Pavlov, it is more important for the type of nervous activity to lie down in childhood (up to 12-16 years old).

2. The nature of that її psychological reality. Typology and accentuation. Character (type of Greek "charakter" - druk, carbo ) - Sukupnіstiy psychic rice Obsoshistosti, Shaho Pilli, Scho Storoni їїninki, Scho Oburovlyuє їїryka Stinking to Navokolishya Svіti, Intr. People, Dіlnosti, myself, schi і virazhaє індивідульна Відорідні и індиваті и отоРідіді илі илілості товіковні.

Character - strizhnev psihіchne vlastivist osobistnosti, scho imposes wit on all sides of the life of a person.

concept characterІstotno vіdіznyаєtsya at raznomanіtnyh theoretical studies. In modern foreign psychology, there are such basic direct characterologies: constitutional-biological, psychoanalytic, ideological, psychoetic.

In virtuous psychology, in an old character, one sees such directives like idealistic, biological, materialistic. The following is also a sign of socially-evaluative characteristics of the character and the significance of the stability of psychological characteristics.

The character is formed with the improvement of temperament under the influx of the minds of life. A new figure's temperament has to go away from a transformed look.

The importance of the first fates of a person's life (Z. Freud, A. Adler, K. Horni, B. G. Ananiev) is especially important for the formation of character.

At the thought of B.G. Ananyeva, the character is virazom and mental wholeness of specialness, and to the main yogis of authority there are traces: directness, calls, communicative authority, emotional-dynamic manifestation, molded with improved temperament.

To the thought of A. G. Kovalov and V. N. Myasishchev, main power character- tse vrіvnovazhenіst - neurovіvіvіnіst, sensitivіnіst - aggressiveness, breadth - vuzkіst, depth - surface, richness - bіdnіst, strength - weakness.

The structure of the character is seen on two sides: the change of that form. Zmist to become a life of directness of specialness, tobto. її material and spiritual needs, interests, ideals and social attitudes. Do forms character different ways of manifesting differences, temperament, which fixed emotional and volitional peculiarities of behavior are shown.

Character is closely related to temperament. p align="justify"> Temperament is the dynamic side of the character, but on the other hand, temperament is the character of the greater world of social factors. To that, the character is already pouring into the manifestation of temperament. On the one hand, truthful, deceitful, evil, kind, rude, good-natured, tactful, there are people with a be-like temperament, and on the other hand, with a singing type of temperament, some social qualities are formed more easily and more, more more and more importantly, more important, than great vitrates. So, for example, it is easier for a choleric person to form communication, but more discipline, less phlegmatic. However, you cannot be true to a negative character.

Draw character- tse nabutі, moldovanі asosі individuals, pledged to the child vіtsі. The stench is formed according to the temperament of the process of life of a person, under the influence of both ovnishnіkh (social), and internal (psychological) officials.

The character is determined by: the line of the person's behavior, the individual characteristics of the psyche, the peculiarities of the vchinkiv. In this rank, the character is naked on the individuality of the special. In the new one, the most beautiful, її volovі yakosі.

In the character of the figure, the temperament takes place in the transformed look. The stench either understood that they accepted, or they did not accept the people as the basis of their activities.

Under rice character to understand those other features of special features, which are systematically manifested in different types of yoga activities, for which one can judge about yoga mozhli vchinki in singing minds.

Basic character drawing: zagalni, a hundred percent of himself, a hundred percent of other people, a hundred percent of activity; intellectual, willful, emotional.

In such a rank, the character is a kind of viraz of the mental, cognitive, emotional-volitional processes, directness, temperament, and human beings. Direction of specialness, її reconciliation, interests, needs, motives of activity are determined by character, its integrity is super-sharpness, stamina is thin. According to the character, one's own heart, to fall, as the motives of activity become head, conductive. Vitalities signify intellectual character. Temperament is a dynamic side. At that very hour, the character is already pouring in, showing temperament, with the same change and expression in activity.

Іsnuє tіsnyy vzaєmozv'yazok mizh character і zvichkami lyudiny, scho yavlyayut themselves diї, scho automated vykonuyutsya, scho became її demanded. Okremі dії And in the case of this non-single repetition, the signs become small sounds, the role of which in life and activity of a person is quite large. Zvichok develops character, they have wines and manifests itself.

Henceforth, character is not an innate power of specialness. Vіn forms and develops in the process of active activity under the influence of the social environment of living and vihovannia. To form a positive character in people means to achieve the goal of reconciliation, principles, active, practical, comradely, collective, summarily standing up to the victoriousness of their functional obov'yazkiv, having a strong, stable and wholesome character.

The character of a person is manifested, nasampered, at yoga activity, at movі that at ovnіshny look. At the diyality of a person, one can raise one’s position to the necessary light, prac, one’s comrades, kerivnik, oneself; one can distinguish the presence of positive and negative character, strength, stamina and strength.

The language manifests comradeship, the spiritual culture of a person, respect to the spirit of a friend, navpaki, self-singing, pompousness, nav'zlivist, self-suffocating. If a person is energized, badyora, zhittєradisna, friendly, may have a good look, then it’s not enough to talk about її internal selection, organization, purposefulness, vihovanіst, good-naturedness of other people. Neohainist, neohainist, rozvyaznist, inhospitable characterize a person from a negative side. І tse є osnovn_ risi character.

The succumbing of quiet chi іnshih yakostі i domineering, domineering character, allows the growth of vіdpovіdnu classification and typology. For whom one sees the necessary evidence, for example: the setting of a person to the necessary activity, to oneself, activity and other. Prote exact classification and typology in Denmark is not known at the present time, so when characterizing people, it should be shown in the drawings that are most seen. Vihodyachi ztsgogo, some are called good people, comrades; others - people of a strong, strong-willed; third - vidpovіdalnym and disciplines too.

The similarity of that distinction in the characters of people is rich in what is explained by the fact that the character of a skin person is a product of conscience. In the individual character, there are different types of rice: professional, century, national and others. In that hour, the typical character of the skin has its own individual drawings.

In real life, in real characters real people- anonymous voices and transitions. To rob the character of a skin person is unique, from one side, from the other, it reinforces the individuality of a skin person.

The transcendental expression of the same rice to the character of those days,

The remaining variants of the norm are considered by the successors as an accentuation of the character. Vіdhilennya accentuatsіy vіd srednёї norma podzhuє sevnі problems and trudnoschi.

Emphasis on character - the transfer of developments of other powers to others, to lead to an improvement in the process of interfacing with other people.

Accentuated specialty- ce, as a rule, special features with characterological developments in the form of norms, manifested in the supra-worldly stronger characteristics of the character. It is a powerful trend to a particular socially positive and socially negative development. Individuals with accentuations to the nature of power in the so-called "place of the least support", are especially inconsistent in terms of development to certain factors, which for these particularities are psycho-traumatic. Distinguish clearly and attached (latent) accentuation to the character.

The German psychologist K.Leonhard is aware that in 20-50% of people the character of the flooring is accentuated (accentuated), that they give a superficial influx on their behavior, and the reason for the singing environments is not less to bring to conflict forms of mutual synergies, but to visual ones. Vin saw twelve types of accentuation character, basing on the assessment of the style of splintering people with otochyuchimi

Hyperthymic type characterized by supra-lingual contact, elevated mood, elevated balakness, expression of gestures, mime, pantomime. The stench is energetic, initiative, diyal. Prote їm authorities frivolity, deak dratіvlivіst, insufficiently serious staging to their service and family obov'yazkіv.

Disthymium type characterized by low contact, not richly articulate, pessimistic attitude. They lead a closed way of life, domosid, shilnі podkoryatisya, but do not dominate. At that very hour of power, there is a seriousness, a summation that is sharpened by a sense of justice. Їх unacceptable rices є commonness, passivity and individualism.

Cycloid type- Characteristic: parts of the mood change; the stench of the comrades is near, the stench is closed; through the kolivanya I will set the mood with rivkami, to that you can not entrust the final trials of the task.

Anxious type- Characteristic: low contact, gloomy, boring; the stench is summed up in a calm state and calm to the point of likes, conflicts, badly control their behavior when emotionally aroused.

stuck type- characteristically: communicable, schilnist to morality, tediousness; the stench is irritating, suspected, conflicted, may raise sensitivity to social injustice; it is more characteristic of the exercise to achieve high performances, be on the right, to the best of oneself - advancement.

pedantic type- characteristically: supra-world formalism, burkotinnya that

boredom; attach themselves to an equal mood, seriousness, arrogance, summation and accuracy; however, it is important to switch from one occupation to another and to ruin in unimportant situations.

Anxious type- characteristically: low contact, unresponsiveness in oneself, timidity, restlessness, trivality of the experience of failure; rarely enter into conflict; the stench is friendly, self-critical and diligent.

Emotive type- Characteristic: pragnennya splkuvatisya at a narrower point, de їх good to understand; the stench is intriguing, they often change their minds in a humble mood and weepy; graft with kindness, sensitivity, diligence, in my memory generously for the sake of other people's successes.

demonstrative type- Characteristic: contact, pragnennya to leadership, dominance, power, praise; stench of self-sufficiency, conceited, easy to stick to otochyuchy, skhilni to intrigues, bragging, hypocrisy, hisstical; add artistry, eminence, originality of thought, remember to want that story to follow you.

Exalted type- characteristic: high contact, balakuchist, falling in love, conflict is possible; stench of altruism, respect for friends and loved ones, sighs like a real and generous, often artistic relish; don’t add alarmism in them, schilnist to see, mittiev moods.

Extroversion type- characteristic: openness for any kind of information, willingness to listen and help anyone; volodyat a high level of communication skills, accommodating, vikonavchi, and even more importantly organize; do not add to them lightness, thoughtlessness of vchinkiv, schilnist to the width of a bit, tiles.

introversion type- Characteristic: low contact, closedness, vіdіrvanіst vіd reality, skhilnіst to philosophizing; oriented to your inner world, to the assessment; shy to self-sufficiency, do not allow their special life; above the world at the sight of his unrealistic glances.

For the most part, they sound not pure type and accentuation character (specialty), but intermediate, mixed. The stench is most often seen in young and young people (50-80%). With the fates of the stench, it can be smoothed out, approaching the norm. Ale, in old age, the stench will start to feast again. Їx viraznіst can be from mild forms (maybe unfamiliar) to psychopathy (serious mental illness, requiring isolation). For the manifestation of accentuations, special methods and tests are used.

The character is not innate, it is formed under the influx of the minds of life and the goal-directed infusion. The basis of the character is laid at the first sim-vintage fates of a child's life. A sensitive period for the formation of a character is considered to be from 2-3 to 9-10 years, if there is a process of active intercourse and a powerful influence of the influx and the superfluous world.

The backbone in the character of a person is laid down in such a way as kindness, chuynist, comradeship, as well as proliferating kindness

- hissticism, callousness, baiduzhity to other people.

In the school period, draw on the character, laying in the sem'ї, or they are fixed and saved by the long offensive life, or they begin to lamatize, which is accompanied by internal and external conflicts.

In the transitional period, there is an intensive development of character, which inspires people and themselves.

The practice has such character characteristics as practicality, neatness, summation, flexibility, pogoglivost, formed earlier, to a preschool child.

The main ways of molding the character: pratsyu, pouring in the team, special stock, self-made, individual pidkhid

3. The concept of possibility. Classification of possibilities. The category of “buildings” has long been an object of scientific and psychological studies, however, there is still no unambiguous, single interpretation of the psychological category. In various scientific publications it is possible to distinguish the meaning of the understanding of the essentials of the significant world in relation to each other.

One of the leading fakhіvtsіv in doslіdzhennі zdіbnosti є B.M. Tepliv. On yoga thought comforts- mental power of special features, which allow you to successfully discover specific types of activity and to thoroughly study them .

Zdіbnosti signify:

1) individually-psychological peculiarities

lyayutsya in originality and samobutnost priyomіv, scho vikoristovuyutsya in action;

2) individual-psychological characteristics, which signify the success of a person's activity - the success of training;

3) the building up of transference of the totality of knowledge, the beginning of the new situation, in which case the new situation is similar to the previous one, not the sequence of ways of doing things, but rather to the power of the people.

The current trend in looking at the problem of adequacy was formed in the fight against two main directions:

· Zdіbnostі - osoblivі yakosі, fatally obumovlyuyut diyalnіst dіyalnіstі dіyalіnі (inborn yakostі sobistostі);

Mozhlivostі - sukupnіst knowledge, novice, learn, tobto. nabuty lyudinoyu dosvid at the process of yoga life.

The vibes of the following look like a life of enlightenment, like a perebuvayut at the post-yield development.

The development of zdіbnosti vіdbuvaєtsya in the process of socialization of specialty, under the influx of social conditions in the sense of the word. Strong, virtuoso, gnuchki, thin fingers, however, highly qualified doctors and neurosurgeons, pianists, and villains-intestinal villains (“I pinch”) are necessary. And the axis of the child’s camp, the Volodar of such fingers, is rich in what will be stunned by the very social conditions.

Building, as it does not take away its thoroughness, as it does not develop, as a person ceases to grow in practice, spends time. Tilki zavdyaks post_ynymi rights, pov'yazanim іz systematic employment foldable types of work, pіdtremuyutsya and develop vіdpovіdnі zdіbnosti.

Successful vikonannya, whether it’s a kind of activity, to lay, as a rule, not in the same way, and can be secured in a different way. Deficiency of some traits can be compensated for by the growth of a strong development of others.

The foundation for the development of health is the congenital anatomical and physiological inclinations. The stench is zooming: in the first place, different ways of molding the comforts; in a different way, swidkіst razvitku zdіbnosti; thirdly, the right to reach a specific type of activity.

The makings of a change of mind are created by the development of zdіbnosti. The stench is more varied and rich in meaning (features of mental recognition and emotional and volitional processes, mental powers of that state, matrons).

Things are made up of inclinations, but not by them. Savings by themselves are not directed at anything. The stench spriyat shaping zdіbnosti in the process of life of a person. In the opinion of the absolute majority of psychologists, a person is far from new in the world in the process of his life, realizing his inclinations.

Zdіbnosti may be updated. Actualization of living conditions

zdіysnyuєtsya with the help of other psychological mechanisms: motivational, operational, functional.

Motivational mechanism- Zdіbnostі nothing ochіkuvati realіzovanі without motive and bajannya.

Operating mechanism- a set of operations (methods), with the help of which the possibilities are realized, the shards of understanding "zdibnost" are like a word - a method.

Functional mechanism (procedural)- as a kind of mental processes, with the help of such processes, the functioning of the operating mechanism of health is established.

Skin building may have its own specificity and watery structure . The structure of zdіbnosti є provіdnoi vіvіstіvіstyu and dopomіzhnoyu vіslіvіstyu. In one and the same people, people can be divided into different types of activity, but one of them, as a rule, will be more significant, lower, more, tse, from one side; Other than that, different people are afraid of your own well-being, but the stench is to fight for the equal of your development.

For vimiryuvannya equal development zdіbnosti zastosovuyutsya different methods: Eysenck, Kettel, Spirman, Bine and yn. At the same time, about those, next, sub-creation, which objective results give methods for revealing the dynamics of success in the process of activity. The success of the activity is rich in why it is determined not by the building, but by a whole series of necessities. There may be a lot of individual character.

The skin of a person may have inclinations (external recruitment), but not in the skin, and not all inclinations develop in health. Virishalne significance of the development of zdіbnosti is played by socio-cultural officials.

When looking at the problem of classifying the features, it is necessary to look at their differences and diversity.

We see two equal advantages:

· Reproductive, which secures the high vmіnnya to gain knowledge, to discover the primordial rіven novice and die;

· Creative, which ensures the creation of a new, original level of knowledge and understanding.

See the benefits:

natural(native, natural) - at its core, the stench is enmeshed

laziness biologically. There is more than enough of these comforts on the level of inclinations in humans and highly organized creatures of the wild (respite, memory, thought, elementary communication and others.), but only on the level of the psychological mechanism of formation of the conditions is absolutely different.

Specific human Living conditions (SChS) include living quarters that ensure the life of a person in the social environment;

the stench is based on the koristuvannya of thoughts, logic, thoughts, and so on.

The main minds for the development of this type of well-being (SChS) are: the presence of social sharpening, the presence of natural inclinations to the development of social functions, the need for the development of folding social functions, the manifestation of the people of intellectual development, the existence of people.

This group of zdіbnosti develops only for the obviousness of the social otochennya.

Zagalni(Rozumovі, ruhovі, opportuneness of remembrance, movlennya that іn.) - ensure the ease and productivity of knowledge and the development of different types of activity.

Special (professional) zdіbnostі- The system of powers of specialty, which helps to achieve high results in a particular type of activity. For special needs, the development of special features is necessary. Before them one can mention: literary, artistic, engineering, design, linguistic, musical, sports, etc. In case of any trace of arrogance, scho zagalnі and spetsіlnі zdіbnosti mіzh tіsno vzaєmopov'azanі. The development of special features is impossible without the improvement of the upper ones.

Theoretical and practical zdіbnosti signify the grace of a person to abstract-theoretical thoughts, or to concrete practical diy. Tsі zdіbnosti, on the vіdmіnu іnshih, seldom join each other with one, so chirp, ring out, less in gifted people.

Primary and creative zdіbnosti- They signify the success of a person’s education, so they ensure the creation of new objects in material and spiritual culture. They will ensure the implementation of the individual needs of people in various areas of activity.

Zdіbnostі to splkuvannya and vzaєmodії– the most socially intelligent needs, which will ensure the interaction of people with social skills for additional verbal and non-verbal forms of intercourse, perekonannya, navіyuvannya, butt that іn.

Subject-knowledge and subject-dialnі zdіbnostі– to ensure the adaptation of the people to the current activity, to master and transform, to correctly adopt the aliens, to help their behavior to the situation that is developing. The special advantages are the advantages of accepting buyers, impersonally assessing them correctly.

Particularly successful people in one or more dekilkoh areas

the news is seen by other people. See so see such success: talent, talent, genius

Giftedness- Particularly successful is the activity of a person in such a circle of activity and sees the middle ones, which win similar activities. Giftedness often manifests itself in the presence of a combination of various zdobnosti, which signify the success of activity in some areas of activity.

Talent– the highest step of giftedness. The peculiarity of the talent

for that which a person is creating is new, extraordinary, not similar to what was already there. Wine is characterized high level creativity.

genius- the highest step of giftedness. Geniality creates masterpieces that are left behind in the centuries of deep human culture. A genius is creating an era in his sphere of activity, so as not to waste his uniqueness in an hour.

Order of zdіbnosti, іsnuyut і nezdatnostі.

homelessness- singing features of the human psyche, which signify not success in certain spheres of activity. Vaughn calls the syndrome of failure. Failure syndrome- regularity of psychological characteristics due to professional failure.

The main factors that cause failure syndrome: emotional inconsistency, disrespect, rozsiyanist, nevrіvnovozhenіst, increased irritability, increased sensory processes, especially temperament and other.

Virishennyu tsієї problems priyaє skladannya profesіogram, the core of which are psychograms (psychological viability, yakі zabezpechuyut the most effective functioning of the specialty within the framework of this profession).

The development of zdіbnosti peredbachaє, nasampered, not shackling іgor children, zauchennya їх in creativity, complex іgry, rich planning and diversity of activities, creative character of activity, optimal level of difficulty, high motivation, positive emotions