Maslow's pyramid of needs is the goal of the hierarchy of human needs, based on the theory of motivation, based on the practice of a psychologist from America, who became the founder of humanistic versification.
Successfully victorious in current economy Maslow's pyramid of consumption is viewed as a model of demand theory of motivation, behavioral factor of comfort.
Previously, the pyramid according to Maslow's needs was like a graphic image "Pararchy of needs" by the marketing assistant and psychology W. Stopp in 1975, after Maslow's death five years later. On the cob 80 years of the 20th century, the schedule of needs was replaced by a small one in the mind of the pyramid;
Consume pyramid according to Maslow
The first need: physiological: hunger, sprag, intimacy, sleep, kissen, clothing.
Sometimes it is necessary to call it instinctive, basic, basic. To that, a person attaches first-rate respect, otherwise it will feel uncomfortable.
According to Maslow, the lower physiological needs lay the foundation for all other needs, and yet they are satisfied, people are collapsing and developing further. Navit us living organisms of power and consumption.
Apply:
- Having thrown a lie in front of the robot, you want to sleep: drink a hot cava and have a sandwich, and not finish reading the side of the cicato creation.
- The need for a toilet room will be the first place to look for your place in the theater hall..
Consume the first step more importantly, but de stinks are more important than the specialty. Chastkov's satisfaction is enough to cross over to the other step of Maslow's pyramid.
Another need for security: stability, defense, fallow, freedom in the face of anxiety, fear and chaos.
Apply:
- The little child is scared, it’s scary to be afraid, he’s been crying for a long time, the docks can’t help his mother reading tata. The appearance of the fathers from the field of yoga dawn, the child has a razdratovanity, but it’s important to think about her with otochyuchi. Youmu needs a zahist.
- Virnіy lyudinі tezh zahist is needed. Come to the church, see the intercession of the greater forces. Vіn calm down and believe less in good future.
The stability of the robot, salaries can also be kept up to the level of consumption.
3rd need for love and belonging: friendship, family, own family.
People in power become a part of the suspense, out of which pragna. It’s necessary for the pidlіtkovu vіtsі to merge into the environment, de є leader or an idol, so that he should take the butt of behavior.
For better times, people sort around their friends, and they sound out. A few friends, friends with the same views on life, work, and interests are becoming overwhelmed. At any time, people live and become a molded part of society, de stinks realize their significance and stoutness.
Singing specialties need to get to know a new friend. Deyakі — are surrounded by their family and children.
After satisfaction of the third need - social, people pragne on the fourth level of needs: to success.
The fourth need for recognition is posh: honor in the team, proud of oneself, status, excellent reputation, fame, showing talent.
A person cannot be satisfied with just this, a booth, children. You want more. Otrimavshi status spetsialista, yogi began shanuvati the team. And when you become a businessman, you are proud of yourself. And if there is glory about your company, then your reputation is promoted.
The robot is getting bigger, lower is just a robot. A person has spiritual motivation and great work to do, to do more richly, more beautifully than that. Lyudin automatically switch to Maslow's next step.
P'yata (pіznіshe 7-a) need for self-realization: people take care of their right, it's good to go out. Yoga strength, zdіbnosti help robots.
If everything is miraculous, life is far away. People give up that they haven’t reached everything yet, they start to engage in self-development, self-realization, spiritual needs are revealed, the realization of their potential. Lyudina is ready to push forward, fight. Taking away the life experience: democratic temperament, creativity helps to repair the opera from the social signs, the person is ready to study herself and learn others, form new ones, look and reconsider.
Abraham Maslow's studies have shown that only 1-3% of people reach the fifth (eighth) step of the pyramid, as there may be too much ideas and inner energy.
Maslow's teachings, yoga research
Trochs about Abraham Harold Maslow (from the great name of Maslov), who was born in a common family of emigrants (from Tsarist Russia) in 1908. at Brooklyn. Started wonderfully, practiced richly and often saw libraries. Becoming president of the Association of Social Psychology and Aesthetics. Decimal period from 1960 to 1970 buv pіdnim stage at yogo life, de bulo it is written bolshіst yogo prats.
Having taken into account that the behavior of people is motivated only by the satisfaction of their special life goals, passing step by step from one attained need to the next one and so on.
Abraham Maslow great number people all consume similar to the instincts of creatures, as if they were born or born.
The investigation of the great Maslow was brought, that the skin of a person is aware of five (sim) obov'yazykovyh needs: from more simple, lower needs to the most basic needs. The reason for a person to stumble, if you don’t need to be satisfied, that development of a person will not develop completely.
Dodatkov's work on Maslow's pyramid
About the "Theory of Human Motivation" people felt in 1943, in which Maslow's basic ideas about the specificity of the formation of human needs of successful and creative people. More reports were published in the book "Motivation and specialty" in 1954.
Vcheniy A. Maslow worked on the biography of healthy and active people. Prior to them lay: Albert Einstein, Abraham Lincoln, Eleanor Roosevelt, which became yoga ideals in the development of the theory of motivation and pyramids.
Maslow's pyramid 5 steps bula and zalishaєetsya reach for that hour. Vcheny post_yno having perfected the pyramid of needs. Released in the 20th century "Psychology of buttya" - 62g, and 71g "Far between nature".
Maslow's pyramids kept all their necessities at their own praets: the first chaotiri was left in their places, and the heels moved to their own place. Two slabs of pyramids were given:
5 needs, p_znavalna: nobility.
Lyudina constantly recognizes a lot of information from intelligent educational programs. Reading is given a lot of time. Vmilo zastosovuє their knowledge is practical.
6 needs, aesthetic: harmony-order-beauty.
Viewing art exhibitions and museums develop harmony of beauty and inspiration about beauty in people.
Closing the microscopy. Apply
Maslow's pyramid is based on the main principles. І according to the statements of the great A. Maslow, the hierarchy of needs is not stable, as if it were coming on the heels. And the greater number of people are ordered in the order of the order of the pyramid of needs, depending on their own needs and motivation, and also on the vіku.
People are subdivided into different categories, those who can resist the basic needs for the sake of their own.
Apply:
- More often than not, I want to become a wealthy businessman, and then we will rule the special life of a frail citizen.
- For others, the priority is power and triumph.
- The third category - enough trouble that kokhannya in sim'ї.
- The fourth is happy with a piece of bread and a bowl of soup.
Subjects have learned their bazhannya to be satisfied with the necessary requirements.
Maslow's pyramid - descend seven times, in some ideas of forgiveness, the idea of \u200b\u200bidea until you are satisfied, consume the people and the last few.
Do you want to know, at what stage are you changing? Know yourself on the pyramids of the pyramid, as if you did not reach your goal, rise higher, accepting the recommendations of the expert.
Maslow's pyramid of needs can be learned from assistants, read on websites. At the pyramid, people are consumed. Won to bring melancholy and read it correctly, accept the blessing, consume it. Golovnya, lie down like a skin person, like meti in life and the building of thought.
The world has a few different pyramids. You, singly, chuli about or about pyramids, like the Incas and Aztecs were. The skin of them may have its own peculiarity and recognition. However, there are other types of pyramids that lie up to the category of intellectual constructions.
Today we'll talk about Maslow's pyramids, named so in honor of the American psychologist Tsya pyramid is widely recognized today not only in, but also in management theory, and in other areas and knowledge.
Maslow's Pyramid of Needs
Maslow's Pyramid is the name of the archeological model of human needs, which is a simplified version of the ideas of the American psychologist Abraham Maslow.
The pyramid of needs reflects one of the most popular and most popular theories - the theory of hierarchy of needs. Tsya theory of vision is the same as the theory of needs or the theory of hierarchy.
The pyramid looks like diagrams, showing different consumption of people. It is important to note that the robots of the most famous day have images of that armchair, shards, on the other hand, this hierarchical order can be changed. Tse lay down as a skin, well-taken individual.
Formerly, Maslow's pyramid was known in the 70s of the last century. At the moment, information about it can be found in many books on psychology and marketing.
Maslow's pyramid of needs is widely used in the economy, and may be important in the theory of motivation and behavior of people.
It is noteworthy that Abraham Maslow himself did not create a pyramid, but rather formed the needs of quiet special features, which reached the heights of life.
Rivnі pyramids Maslow
According to Maslow, a skin person needs 5 basic needs. Let's go over them in order, and give a short explanation of skin needs:
Physiological needs
Shards of the skin of a living organism will require quiet chi and other physical needs, then the stink of the same skin people. In such a rank, as if that other individual is not satisfied with him - he does not seem to develop normally and fully develop.
For example, if a person wants to go to the toilet, then at that moment he is unlikely to want to enjoy reading, to admire nature, or to think about something else.
Henceforth, until you satisfy your physiological needs, you can’t work normally, take a decision and take care of yourself, be it some other right.
Before the physiological needs, hunger is heard, having helped a lot of other speeches.
Bezpeka
The skin of a human being is safe to secure for himself that mother's pevnu stability, comfort and steel of the minds of life. You can easily understand on the butt of not moving.
Against the backdrop of the people of the vines on the pdsvіdomomu eve, pragmatically take away the defenders. І give її maybe only a dbayliva mother.
A similar analogy can be applied in situations with older people. Lyudina, if you want to be safe for yourself, you can take out insurance for your life, install locks, doors, an alarm system at the damp booth.
Social needs
Go about social needs: splurge, prihilnist, turbot about others and respect for yourself, splnu diyalnist.
If people are trying to get to know each other, to make friends, or to know for themselves a companion of life - this is a clear demonstration of social needs.
So what else, if only a person would urgently demand that, not only to show love himself, but also to take away from others.
In sophisticated society, the individual is given practical consideration of his significance. The very need motivates a person to become attached to someone and shukati reciprocity.
Prestigious consumer
Here you can see self-pushing, povag from the side of others, vyznannya, that high marks own activities, service growth. Tobto all those who pov'yazane z bazhannyam zdobuti povagu that authority.
You need Maslow to provoke people to demonstrate their individual characteristics to the society, for example, to sleep, dance, play on musical instruments too.
Only having taken away the recognition of those close to those close people, the people become enthralled with themselves, and take away the possibility of realizing the power potential.
Spiritual needs
The rest of Maslow's pyramid of needs is spirituality. Here one can see recognition, self-actualization, self-expression, self-identification just.
At this last stage, the individuality of the individual cannot realize one's spiritual needs and needs to self-develop. People begin to choke on creativity, go to different cultures, and try to develop talents in power more quickly.
The individual, who is far away satisfied with 4 forward chablis and leans on 5, starts to roam over the sense of life, cries with a little light and tries to get rid of the following to himself.
With such a person, new changes can form and look at life in a scorched way.
According to the theory of Abraham Maslow, the people who need it look like this. What exactly stinks and is true, you can tell yourself, having conducted self-analysis over yourself.
However, for the sake of justice, it should be noted that in this pyramid there is a small amount of sumnivnyh factors.
Authorship
In 1975, at the book of the little U. Stopp, a graph was presented under the title "Ієєєєрхія пострія". Maslow died In 1970, however, a similar schedule was found in practice.
Therefore, it is necessary to have the sumnivation of the right authorship of the pyramid of needs, as the article was linked to the names of Maslow.
Satisfied need ceases to motivate
And here we blame the nutrition of the actuality of the needs of that other individual. For example, if someone is attached to pride and baiduzhist in terms of promotion to society, then naturally there will be no guilt until a new pragmatism.
Likewise, the one who knows that she is guilty of theft, will not protect herself any more. From whom you sing, that you are satisfied with the need to spend your sense, passing to the next stage.
To the one who needs to understand the ideas, just ask about the dissatisfied.
Theory and practice
The impersonality of modern psychologists is critically placed before Maslow's pyramid. It's not easy to put these principles into practice, even though the scheme itself can lead to inaccurate results.
If you don’t lie to different statistical data, then you’ll be told impersonal food. For example, a person is strongly oppressed, as if not recognized by society, so that some kind of shchitilgaє 4 rіven needs?
What is the right thing to say to a person who is constantly underestimated (River 1), absolutely hopeless or unfortunate? Wait a minute, you can find hundreds, if not thousands, of examples among the world, which have reached the heights in various spheres of activity, so much for that other kind of dissatisfaction. Tse, for example, can be undivided kokhannya or bring evil.
The second version, according to Abraham Maslow, was inspired by his own theory, and that in the last hour the concept was significantly extended by him.
And the pyramid, as it is now victorious in psychology and in the halls of marketing, does not have any serious attention.
Criticism
The main drive for criticizing Maslow's pyramid is the hierarchy, and also those that, honestly, human needs cannot be satisfied.
The rest of the successors affirm that it is a sight of the pyramid, the person seems to be a creature, as fast as he needs.
Є y tі, who are critically posed to Maslow's theory through those that її "laws" are unacceptable practical. Especially, if there is a right to business, advertising and marketing.
However, here it is necessary to say that the author of Maslow's pyramid of needs does not consider himself as a metaphor for the theory of business or advertising. You wanted to know more about important nutrition, but could not explain behaviorism or Freudism.
Maslow just wanted to give an indication of the various motives of the people. Before this theory, it is necessary to lie not from the methodological side, but to look philosophically.
Advantages and shortcomings
It is clear that the pyramid of needs is not just a classification, but a single hierarchy: instinctive, basic and subsistence needs.
Be a healthy person, you can consume everything. Ale here is gaining chivalry and a clear law: basic needs of people are respected by dominant ones, and the most important needs can be activated for the mind, if the basic ones are satisfied.
It is important to keep in mind that the skin of the individual needs to be treated differently. Tse mozhe vіdbuvatisya whether-yakom stepі Maslow's pyramid.
Why is it obvious that a person's skin goiter is to correctly analyze their needs, learn how to interpret them and correctly satisfy them.
If you don’t understand these minds, you will be lost in the camp of dissatisfaction and you can induce depression. According to Maslow himself, reaching the 5th, highest step, maybe less than 2% of all people.
Alternative version of Maslow's pyramid
For example, designate what is the most important classification of Maslow's needs. In this system, there are these main equalities (priorities). First 6 are respected by lower needs, and more than the rest, 7 rіven - we will find:
- Physiological needs: hunger, right away.
- The need for security: a little bit of innocence, relief from fear and failure.
- The need for belonging and kohanna.
- The need for help: reaching success, praise, recognition.
- Knowing needs: know, remember, dosledzhuvati.
- Aesthetic needs: harmony, order, beauty.
- The need for self-actualization: the realization of one's goals, preferences, the development of one's own specialty.
Now you know what Maslow's pyramid is and why you often talk about it. If you have any thoughts on how to classify needs - write about it in the comments.
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To live, be healthy and happy, people will demand zhі, povіtrya, sleep thinly. Tsі consume a person independently satisfies with the stretch of his life. The stench is rich in what to lie in the face of the behavior of the people. So, if a skin patient needs more, the prote does not all react to the same dance: one, grinning, say “dark” and іz more satisfied, the other, marveling at the strain, with mimicry, she will give an understanding with words that “ce” is not the fault will, third will, sleep a little, and then we will already eat. In this order, all patients have a different need for each. It appears that the disease also affects the satisfaction of needs, which leads to discomfort.
In 1943, the American psychologist A. Maslow developed the theory of the hierarchy of needs, the initial behavior of a person. According to yoga theory, some needs for people are important for others. This position allowed classifying them according to the hierarchical system: from physiological (lowest rhubarb) to the needs of self-expression (highest rhubarb). A.Maslow depicting the equal needs of a person as a pyramid.
Tsya figure has a wide base (foundation). In the pyramid of physiology, people need to establish the foundation of yoga life. Possibility to satisfy one's needs among people dovkilla, know, understand, bazhan that zdіbnosti samoї people We are satisfied with the needs of the lower order, tobto. physiological.
To live, people need to be satisfied with the physiological needs of food, water, water. In addition, the skin will require us to move, sleep, correct physiological needs, as well as intercourse with people, satisfaction of their sexual needs.
Іsnuє kіlka kіlka klаsifіkatsіy needs Appropriate for classification A. Maslow, skin people may 14 vital needs:
4) see
5) collapse
6) be healthy (pіdtremuvati stan)
7) trim body temperature
8) sleep and rest
9) dress up and dress up
10) buti clean
11) unicati nebezpeki
12) talk
13) mothers of life
14) pratsyuvati, grati that vchitisya.
Keep in mind that physiological needs are the same in all people, but they are satisfied in a different way.
The need for sourness (normal breathing) is the main physiological need of a person. Breath and life - inseparable understanding. Lyudina got it a long time ago: while I'm breathing . The Russians have a lot of words for a “wild” sense: good spirits, inspiration, the spirit is thin. Support for the needs of the nurse can be given to the priority tasks for the nurse. The bark of the brain is sensitive to the point of sourness. In case of failure, the breath becomes sour, it becomes partly superficial, and the ass appears. For example, a change in the concentration of sour in tissues can lead to cyanosis: the skin and visible mucous membranes become cyanotic. Lyudina, satisfying the needs of the sour, pіdtrimuє nebhіdny zhittya gaseous warehouse of blood.
The need is їzhi. Eating may mean health promotion and good self-feeling. The fathers, satisfying the need not to eat at a rational eating, show like a father’s turbo, and they provide a child with the possibility of a normal growth and development. Rational eating Mature dopomogaє turn off the risk factor of the bagatioh zahvoryuvan.
Adequate eating with ailments spray clothes. So, a high amount of protein in the same spray heals wounds, including bedsores.
Dissatisfied with the need of a person at a meal, often bring self-esteem to the point of being healthy.
The need for home. A healthy person can drink 2.5-3 liters a day. Such a quantity of rіdini zapovnyu physiologically spent at the sight of cuts, sweat, feces and viparіv in breathing. To save the water balance, the person is guilty of living more, less seeing, otherwise the signs of flooding will appear. In view of the knowledge of that mind of a medical sister, the transfer of a new day to lie down the patient’s ability to get away richly comfortable.
Need for physiological authorities. A part of the food that is not poisoned is excreted from the body like a feces. The act of defecation and sechovypuskannya in the skin is individual, that їx satisfaction cannot be considered for a long time. Most people respect and process special, intimate and respect for better not to discuss them. At zv'yazku s tsim a medical sister, assisting the patient, which may have problems with the management of physiological needs, may be especially delicate and, respecting the right of the person to confidentiality, to ensure the possibility of recognition.
Need more sleep and repair. A.Maslow is also brought to the physiological needs. Cherguvannya periods of sleep - non-sleeping is the main ashes for everyday activity.
Lack of time to stand in another place after work at home among the reasons for this. In vipadkah, if a person has an hour for inquiries for a good sleep, vin zbіshuє borg lack of sleep, oskolki trivalіst sleep modern people, necessary for normal use, not less than nіzh this year.
In case of lack of sleep, a person loses his health. The level of glucose in the blood plasma changes, the vitality of the brain changes, the short-hour memory improves, the speed and accuracy of calculation improve, the building capacity decreases to learning. It seems that we spend a third of our life for sleep. A sick person's sleep is needed even more, the shards will help improve self-confidence.
Russia needs. Exchange of fragility and unruliness create impersonal problems for people. A camp is called unruly, for which a person is impromptu to collapse and to experience difficulties with the collapse, which is necessary for normal functioning. Tsej camp buvaє trivalim or short-hour, past or fast. It can be irritated by the congestion of orthopedic systems (splint, drawstring, corset, or as a special zasib for the strengthening of the body), pain (in the corners, backs); chronic diseases(arthritis, excess manifestations of brain blood circulation disorder), mental disorder (depression).
Assistance of a medical sister, directing the recovery of frivolity, may important meaning to improve the quality of life of the patient.
The pyramid of people's needs is a diagram that represents people's needs in a hierarchy. This creation is often attributed to Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist and founder of the theory of needs. There are no such schemes in the current publication of such a scheme, but in the past it is used in the German literature of the 1970s, for example, in the first seen assistant U. Stopp in 1975.
Also, the version of the classification of human needs has been expanded. He has seen 7 main rivniv:
Crimean unique architectural disputes and pyramids of a different kind, yakі call far from a weak hype around themselves. They can be called intellectual spores. One of them is the pyramid of needs of Abraham Maslow, a leading American psychologist, the founder of humanistic psychology.
Maslow's pyramid
Maslow's pyramid is a special diagram, in which people's needs are presented in a hierarchical order. Prote zhodna s publications of the scientist to avenge any schematic images, tk. vin dorimuvavsya thoughts that the order of the dynamic character can change indefinitely depending on the peculiarities of the particularity of the skin of a taken person.
The first riddles about the pyramid of needs can be found in the German literature of the 70s of the XX century. At bagatioh primary materials s psychology and marketing can be learned today. The model itself needs to be actively promoted in the economy and may be of great importance for the theory of motivation and the behavior of people.
Tsikava also broadened the idea about those who Maslow himself did not create a pyramid, but only viviv spіlnі osoblіstі і moldovannі nebpіshnі svіshnі zhitti і tvorchіy іyаlnosti people. And the pyramid was foreseen by Yogo's followers, as if they jumped on the spot to reveal the ideas of the saint. We will talk about this hypothesis in the other half of the article. For now, let's take a look at what Maslow's pyramid is like in the details.
Zgіdno z doslіdzhenny vchenogo, people may have five basic needs:
1. Physiological needs (the first step of the pyramid)
Physiological needs of power in all living organisms on our planet, in general, and skin people. And if a person is not satisfied with them, then it simply cannot be established, and it is also impossible to fully develop. For example, if a person really wants to go to the toilet, she won’t be sing-song to read a book, but to calmly stroll through a beautiful city, enjoying the marvelous landscape. Obviously, without satisfying physiological needs, a person cannot and normally work, do business and be any other kind of activity. Such needs are dihannya, eating, sleeping poorly.
2. Bezpeka (another step of the pyramid)
Before the group needs to lie, you need security and stability. To understand the essence, you can look at the butt with nemovlyatami - still uninformed, stench on the same level to pry, after that you were satisfied with the help and hunger, so that you could be stolen. І give it to him tse vіchutya may be a loving mother. Similarly, even in another, more mild form, the situation is with grown-up people: for example, insure your life, install metal doors, put locks thinly.
3. Kokhannya and belonging (the third step of the pyramid)
Here go about social needs. You know your own spirit in such exercises, how to make new acquaintances, to know friends that companion of life, to be respectful to any group of people. A person will need to show love and take it according to one's own wishes. In the social environment, a person can recognize his dignity and significance. The very thing that motivates people is to satisfy social needs.
4. Vision (fourth step of the pyramid)
After that, as a person satisfies the need for love and belonging to society, without intermediary influx on the new outstanding people, it decreases, and in the center of respect there is an important thing, raising to prestige that recognition of different manifestations of one’s own, individuality) (individuality) ( And once you have a successful realization of your potential, and after reaching the recognition of people who are important for a person, you should come to your own strength.
5. Self-realization (fifth step of the pyramid)
Whose steps remain and on the new one there are spiritual needs, which are manifested in Bazhanni to develop as a specialty or a spiritual person, and also to continue to realize their potential. Like a legacy - creative activity, seeing cultural approaches, exercising to develop your talents and vibrancy. Until then, people, as if you were satisfied with the consumption of the front slabs and “climbing” on the heel, you begin to actively shukati sens buttya, wind up the navkolishnіy svіt, magatisya zrobiti yogo introduction; at the new one, you can almost form new ones, look at that change.
Such a description of the basic needs of a person. Some of these descriptions may be misplaced, you can evaluate on your own, just by trying to look at yourself and your life from the side. Without a doubt, you can know a lot of proof of their actuality. Ale next to say, krіm usogo іnshoy, and about those in Maslow's pyramid є a sprinkling of spirih moments.
Authorship
Irrespective of those who officially attribute the authorship of the pyramid to Abraham Maslow, until now we have no choice of wines. On the right, in the fact that the graphic “Ієєєрхія пострія”” appeared in 1975 in the role of the assistant of such W. Stopp, there is practically no information about the specialty of which, and Maslow died in 1970, and in yoga robots, as already mentioned, there was no any schedule.
Satisfied need ceases to motivate
Here the main thing is the nutrition of the relevance of the needs of the people. For example, a self-sufficient person, who can be brought to the point of intercourse, will not require anything and will not be pragmatic. The one who feels hijacked will not become any more pragmatic zakhistu. Seemingly simpler, satisfied with the need to lose its relevance and move on to another slab. І schob vyznachiti actual consumption, sufficient enough to zaznachiti dissatisfied.
Theory and practice
To the thought of many modern psychologists, regardless of those that Maslow's pyramid is a clearly structured model, it is difficult to put it into practice, and the scheme itself can be brought to absolutely inaccurate conclusions. Yakshcho vydkinuti killed all the statistical data, once again blamed a number of food. For example, is it possible to obscure the reason for the unknown in the life of a person? Abo, why should a person be taken into account, as if systematically underestimated, absolutely hopeless? Even in history, one can know hundreds of examples of how people saw great life results in the very beginning of what their needs were left unsatisfied. Take, for example, vigilance or undivided kokhannya.
For some tribute, Abraham Maslow has always been inspired by the theory he has hung up on, and by further practice (“Before the psychology of buttya” (1962), “Far between human nature” (1971)), the concept of motivation for specialness was completely extended. And the pyramid, which today is to be known, has become a lot of fahіvtsіv in the gallery of psychology and marketing, but it has become very important.
Criticism
The main reason for criticism of Maslow's pyramid is її ієєrarchіchnost', and to inspire those who need not be able to know enough satisfaction. The deyakі sledniks interpret Maslow's theory in a rather unfriendly manner. It is clear to their interpretation, the pyramid to talk about those who are human beings, who are constantly needed. Otherwise, it seems that Maslow's theory cannot be put into practice if you talk about business, marketing and advertising.
Prote the author and not pidlashtovuvav his theory of business and advertising, but rather slandering food, in which, for example, behaviorism and Freudianism came to a deaf kut. Maslow, simply by figuring out the facts about the motives of people’s intrigues, that її robot is more philosophical, less methodological in nature.
Advantages and shortcomings
No matter how important it is, the pyramid of needs is not just their classification, but it reflects a hierarchy: instinctive needs, basic needs, needs. The skin of a person is aware of all the necessities, but here he is gaining certitude, the law is coming: the basic needs are dominated by the dominant ones, and the consumers of the greater order are activated only once, if the basic ones are satisfied. Ale next to understand what you can use in different ways in the skin people. І vіdbuvaєtsya tse at any step of the pyramid. For reasons of reason, a person is guilty of correctly understanding his bazhannya, learning to interpret and adequately satisfy him, in a different mood, he will constantly change in the state of dissatisfaction and rozcharovannosti. Before the speech, Abraham Maslow reached the position that in the fifth step only 2% of all people reach.
One of the first behaviorists (like eng. behavior - behavior - one of the straight lines in American psychology, which vindicated on the cob of the XX century, which vvazha, on the basis of other theories, the subject of behavioral psychology, and not the essence of thought. (Approx. navchi ed.)), from the work of which the scientists found out about the complexity of human needs and their influence on motivation, buv Abraham Maslow. Creating his theory of motivation in 40 years, Maslow recognized that people have impersonal needs, and also considered that they can be subdivided into five main categories. This thought has been elaborated in detail by a fellow psychologist from Harvard, Murray.
1. Physiological needsє necessary survival. The stench includes consumption in zhі, vodi, prituka, vіdpochinku and sexual needs.
2. Consume from safety and innocence from the future include the needs of the defenders in the form of physical and psychological problems, side by side with the necessary light and in the fact that the physiological needs will be satisfied with the future. A manifestation of the need for innocence in the future is the purchase insurance policy abo search for the best work kind views for retirement.
3. social needs, other ranks of the needs of respectability, - it’s understandable that you include a little belonging to what you want, but it’s a little better that you accept others, a little social interaction, prihilnosti and podtrimki.
4. Consume at the vase include the needs of self-confidence, special access, competence, familiarity, familiarity.
5. Consume self-expression need in realizing their potentialities and growing so special.
MOTIVATION THAT ІERARCHІYA REQUIRED. According to Maslow's theory, all consumer needs can be placed at the sight Suvoro ієrarchіchї structures, in fig. 13.2. I want to show that the needs of the lower equals make them satisfied and, therefore, they add the behavior of the first person, the lower motivation to begin to appear to the consumers of the higher equals. At a specific moment in the skin, a person will be pragmatically satisfied with your consumption, for her it is more important or stronger. The first, the lower need of the offensive level, will become the most important official in the behavior of the people, may the need of the lower level be satisfied. What to say about their interpretation of Maslow's theory, psychologists Calvin Hall and Gardner Lindsay:
Rice. 13.2 . Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
“If the strongest and priority needs are satisfied, they blame and detract from the satisfaction of the needs that stand in the hierarchy behind them. If you are satisfied with your needs, you will move to the next step of the gatherings of officials, the initial behavior of the people.
Shards with the development of a person as a specialty expand її potentiality, the need for self-expression can be completely satisfied. Therefore, the process of motivating behavior through consumption is not limited.
Lyudina, as if she were aware of hunger, at the same time pragmatically know їzhu and only after їzhі try to inspire the porch. Living in prosperity and security, people will succumb to the need for social contacts, and then more actively pragnate from the side of the sick. Only after that, as a person sees the inner contentment and the pomp of the overwhelming, it is the most important thing to start growing up to the potentialities. And if the situation changes radically, then the most important needs can change dramatically. How quickly and strongly they can go down with ієrarchіchny gatherings of things to consume and how strong they can but consume the lowest її rivnіv - showing the behavior of people, yakі lived during a plane crash in the Andes in 1975. - to survive, as a whole, normal people were embarrassed by their dead comrades.
Sob comes, the greater rіven ієrarchії necessities, arguing to carry out the behavior of the people, it is not necessary to satisfy the needs of the lower ієrarchії again. Otzhe, ієrarchіchіchі rivnі є discrete slabs. For example, people start to repair their jobs in some kind of co-operation a long time ago, before they will be safe for their needs, or I will be more satisfied with their physiological needs. This thesis can be miraculously illustrated on the basis of this great importance, how to create rituals and social intercourse for the primitive cultures of the Amazon jungle and other parts of Africa, wanting there to be constant famine and nebezpeki.
In other words, if at once one of the needs can be dominated, the activity of a person is stimulated not only by her. Moreover, Maslow means:
“Dosі mi said that ієєєрхічні рівні needs to fix the order, but really the іієrarchіya is far from being such a “zhorstka”, as we guessed. It is true that most of the people with whom we worked, their main consumption, were sold approximately in the same order as they told us. Prote bula and low vine. Є people, for example, for example, self-confessed є important for love.
VICTORY OF THE THEORIES OF MASLOW IN MANAGEMENT. Maslow's theory made a rather important contribution to the understanding of what is the basis of people's training to work. Caregivers of different ranks have become aware that the motivation of people is characterized by a wide range of needs. In order to motivate a specific person, a scientist can give the opportunity to satisfy the most important needs in such a way, which will help achieve the goals of all organizations. Not so long ago, the workers could motivate those who were able to do it with economic incentives, but the consequences of people's behavior were determined, more importantly, by their needs of the lower echelons. Today the situation has changed. Zavdyaki more high incomes and social benefits, we will win from the results of the struggle of professional unions and state regulation (such as the Law on Health and Safety of Hired Personnel, 1970), to inspire people who are on the lower levels of hierarchical gatherings of organizations, to stand on prominently high slabs of Maslow's hierarchy. How to appoint Terence Mitchell:
“In our society, physiological needs and needs for safety play an apparently insignificant role for most people. Only the true lack of rights and the most important generations of the population are protected by the needs of the lower ranks. Zvіdsi is obvious for theoreticians of systems of control of vysnovok at that, scho greater rivniv can be the best motivating officials, lower the consumption of the lower equals. This fact is confirmed by the contributors, as they carried out experiments on practitioners about the motives of their activity.
As a result, it is possible to grow whiskers, as if you were a stoner, then you will need to seriously guard for your supporters, so that you will swear, if you actively need to care for them. Shards of the year and the consumption change, it is not possible to save that motivation, as it worked once, is effectively practicable for the whole hour. At the table 13.1. for the star-looking person, there are ways in which the workers can satisfy the needs of the greater equals from their employees for an hour of the labor process.
ІЄРARCHІYA NEED FOR WORK IN A MULTINATIONAL STATE CENTER. Managers who work in the international arena, just like their colleagues, who work in the middle of any country, are responsible for ensuring the satisfaction of the needs of spivrobitniks. Shards in different lands are distinguished by the importance of needs in a different way;
In one of the studies, based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a sequential analysis of five different groups of scientists was carried out. Number of groups were formed according to the geographic principle: 1) ceramics of English and American firms; 2) Japanese ceramics; 3) bricklayers of brewery firms and central European territories(FRN, Denmark, Sweden and Norway); 4) potters of firms from manufacturing and Western European countries (Spain, France, Belgium, Italy); 5) manufacturers of Ukrainian firms that are developing (Argentina, Chile, India). One of the results of this study, having fallen on the fact that the stoneworkers of the lands, which are developing, gave greater importance to all the needs of Maslow's hierarchy and the level of their satisfaction, lower the stoners of any other country. Ceramics from the European lands that are developing, and the western lands are the most likely to satisfy social needs. It is not worth talking about the importance of victories for an hour of working with them such wineries, as a promotion of status, social honor, recognition of merit. Pіznesha Doslizhzhennya on the Top, folding at the pіdstavі result ibituan ibnishna of the consumer of people bilsh nіzh ° H 40 Kraikan, allowed vitnovki, riveted by American inhabitants, based on the implicit system of cultural centers about those behind the cordon. Prote tse vіdpovіdaє diysnostі.
Table 13.1. Methods for satisfying the needs of the largest equals
| Social needs |
| 1. Let the spindlers Taku Robot, Yaka B allowed to be spiled 2. Stop on the timids of the spirit of the Spiritual Committee 3. Fire with pydhellim perіodichni narai 4. Do not be smeared with the vinicli sorrow, do not take up the Steal of the Steal. activity of members of the organization posture її frames |
| Consume at the vase |
| 1. Promote the achievement of better results 2. Provide positive feedback from the achieved results 3. Appreciate the achievement of the desired results 4. Get the right to formulate goals and make decisions 5. Delegate the rights to achieve new goals 6. 7. Take care of training and retraining, as it increases the level of competence |
| Consume from self-expression |
| 1. Provide support for the development of that development, as if it were allowed to increase their potential 2. Let’s support the folding and important work that will help in their new development |
Unfortunately, there were no systematic studies of motivation on the international level. Prote, you can make visnovoks, like ceramics, who work on the international level, owe a duty of constant protection, understand that it is respectfully placed before the cultural authorities of the needs of people, with such stinks to interact. Ker_vniki are guilty in every possible way of uniqueness of the obvious advantage of the practitioners of the same nationality in the world. You can’t afford to pay for those that people, as you see behind the cordon, can consume the same as you have in the country. What is work? It is necessary to ensure the satisfaction of the needs of people, as you see, so that the stench is effectively processed. For application 13.2. the signs of dissatisfaction with the work of an international company were seen.
CRITIQUE OF THE THEORIES OF MASLOW. Although, it would seem, Maslow's theory of human needs gave the scientists a more accurate description of the process of motivation, further experimental studies proved it far from perfect. Zvikhi, in principle, it is possible to finish the widespread categories to the same time, I will be able to be able to shut down by the Vishka Chi RIVN, Ale Chitko -Frequentia, I needed oil, mabut, simply not. Chi did not take away the full confirmation and concept of the most important needs. Satisfied with one's own needs, do not bring up the needs of an offensive level as a motivating factor for the activity of a person.
APPLICATION 13.2.
Dissatisfaction with the work
As the company's kerіvnitstvo conceived to change the scale of its marketing programs in the world markets, then immediately following a special transitional stage. Superechki schodo scales rozrivu mizh іsnuyuchim and bazhanim stanovische firms, shvidkostі, z kakoi tsey rozryv treba likvіduvati, most often cause conflict between the headquarters of the firm and її regional foreign divisions. Similar conflicts are most often blamed on firms, for which the reasons for changing marketing programs are not clear and not obvious, and there, de kerivniki of regional authorities may have a high level of autonomy. Non-receivable heritage can be blamed on both types. Through those that the firm"Black End Decker" dominated the European market of electric butt tools, a lot of її kerіvnіvnіv and representatives, in other countries could not see the need for a zhorstko centralized global marketing program from the choice of Japanese competitors. As a result, the president of the firm zmusheny buv zmіstiti deyakh kerіvnikіv evropeiskih vіddelenі firms to achieve a high rank. In 1982 firm« Parker Pen, under the influx of competition and the decline in financial positions, made it faster to reduce the number of factories around the world and the number of types of products that are produced. It is not enough to bring about the conservation of virobnichih vitrates. Kerіvniki zakordonnyh vіdіlen "Parker" priynyali tsі change, but if the stench zmushenі bulіzovuvat program standardization of advertising and packaging, then nіyak could not razkhitatisya. In 1985 « Parker "finishing his wide Global Marketing Program. Dekilka ker_vniki in high-ranking firms were embarrassed to leave the company.
If the company’s creativity is not more protective, and the movement to global marketing is more secure, it can be more negative consequences. First, the makers of foreign filial firms, as they began to practice in it, through її obviously, the need to give freedom to the places and to adapt the products to the minds of the people, they can see the rozcharuvannya. Not long ago, the implementation of the global marketing program could lead to the fact that the importance of the work of local kerіvniki in the other countries is falling. In another way, rozcharuvannya can cause the revival of the old ones, as the world of clumsy mutually, and the zmov between the clerks of the regional offices and the representatives of the headquarters. For example, deyakі kerіvniki regional vіddіlen can try to haggle shdo shvidkostі implementation of their regular programs of fast streaming vitrates. In addition, competing for the resources of that stage of autonomy, the workers of the military departments can give a lot of respect to other positions (lads on duty) from the headquarters. So what else, building workers can drink, and less competent and non-initiative people will come to this place.