The problem of the effectiveness of state purchasers is one of the most discussed in the rest of the hour. The power stained glass majestic cost and strength, so that the sphere of power purchases was made clear and wise. Tim hour nebrosovіsnі pіdpriєmtsі so posilno vyshukuyut usі possible ways otrimannya "dodatkovogo" income sovereign rahunok. It’s a pity, it’s necessary to be known, that the stench often leans on the front of the state, even though it’s effective in some cases, but it’s slow to react to the contrary schemes of participation in competitions and auctions.
Let's guess that at the dawn of the creation of the system of state purchasers by the widest shakhraystvo, there was a staging of foreign symbols in the names of the purchasers, similar to those written in Russian letters. That is why, when asking for competitions (setting the key words), they didn’t waste those of them, which were called such a rank. Just as for a koristuvach, to marvel at the monitor of a computer, the Russian "a" and the English "a" are indistinguishable, then for the computer - the same symbols, and in the process of looking for wines, simply not knowing the zbіgіv. In such a way, shakhrai were forced to do it for a long time, the docks did not make any changes to the electronic systems of state purchasers, as they blocked the possibility of such machinations.
In another way, to expand the shakhraystva in a broader way, bulo i, calling on everything, continues to get rid of the “registration” of technical tasks for a specific candidate or a postal worker. Sovereign deputy, what did the zmovi with the post-emperor, telling the commander specific models or the name of the transfer for the purchase of products. The fence on such a scale was introduced after the introduction of the legal provisions before legislation, as it regulates the sphere of state purchasers. At zv'yazku z cim shahraї steel vkazuvati in tekhnіchnomu zavdannі on zakupіvlyu іndivіdualnі unіkalnі characteristics of the product, the power of the product of a specific product or model, yakі naspravdі not є basic і not to add to the funktіonalnіst і vykoristannya varіv, shchoovuyu to purchase.
Fighting against such shakhraiism became richer. However, summed post-employees come to the rescue, yak sue vodpovidni skargi to the Federal Antimonopoly Service, that judge, leading up to the non-priming of the statement in the documents of the names of unique characteristics. Vodnochas at the system of state purchasers are regularly carried out large number competitions and auctions, which show all of them with “individual” technical tasks, it is impossible to create and for sumlnnyh organizations that work on the same markets, scourges for the same needs and universal training of technical tasks.
What is shakhraystvo leading up to?
Leading rank to the fact that the state purchases comrades and servants for fixed prices. At the principle, Jaclis in contests of the fight FATIY TІLKKI VIKROINDE ABOUT ABOUT ABOUT DESTRABLE, PRIVANIE GOTE TECHNIKHNY DESTANTED, JCK_KHNIY PRODUCE VІDPOVYDAєDE Доскомем семічный ваданная, ale Todі, Slіduychi Logіці-ta lodda at a single leader. Such purchases are immediately visible, and it is clumsy to analyze them. Until then, even though the organization itself takes part in them with sufficient regularity, it is a concrete reason for the FAS Russia to consider possible claims from the side of the controlling and controlling bodies.
In order to attract the Shakhrai businesses, as they organize illegal schemes, imitate the visibility of bidding, then take part in the competition as an affiliate of the deposit as a candidate for the organization, although they are not formally recognized by themselves. In these competitions, most of the time, the price practically does not decrease, and the similar competitions themselves are “spoiled” by the large mass of competitions, as they are held without disruption.
"History of one do it"
Dekіlka of such situations, which, according to our thought, the system, has fared away from the sphere of purchases of medical recognition, already seen through scandals and machinations.
For information posted on the website of state-owned buyers www.zakupki.gov.ru, in 2013-2015. The Department of Health Protection of the Moscow City held a number of competitions for the supply of medical recognition window materials for infection control in the form electronic auctions(№ 0173200001413001150, 0173200001413001148, 0173200001413000862, 0173200001414000688, 01732000000000 Zagalna scrip becomes a hope danih zakupіvel 110 mln auktsіonah access in all three taken fate lishe kompanії:.. TOV "Pharmstandart-Medtehnіka" LLC "CMB Pharma aparata ENG" LLC "Bіomir- Center ", and the price was reduced by a troch. As the participants of the market explained, better for everything, the technical requirement for significant competitions was formed in such a way that all minds (dimensions, technical and functional characteristics) were given a single trademark "DGM Steriguard" The selections of the DGM group of companies (Switzerland) Although it is formally suitable for the analysis of their buyers, it is likely that they will not have any obvious damage during the day.
However, having made some clumsy ideas, you can say that on the site of the selection by a representative of the DGM group of companies for the market of the Russian Federation and the country of CIS. Directly to the website (http://www.dgm.su/Contact.html) Pharmstandard-Medtekhnika TOV is the exclusive supplier of DGM glass materials in Russia and CIS countries.
In addition, on the official website of LLC "Pharmstandard-Medtekhnika" (http://www.phs-mt.ru/company/) it is indicated that "the company was created as a result of the joint practice of the BAT" Pharmstandard "and the DGM group of companies in the gallery high-tech medical possession”.
Sodo LLC "Biomir-Center", then with commercial proposal No. 3, presented in the competition No. 0173200001414000823, this company represents the interests of TOV "DGM Pharma Equipment RUS".
In addition to the above, you can add that the authorization lists of the DGM group of companies, such as TOV "Pharmstandard-Medtekhnika" and TOV "Biomir-Center".
More deaths analysis tender documentation showing that її became the basis commercial proposition according to the very names of the companies, as if they may be the interests of one virobnik, moreover, of a foreign trip. Tim for an hour Russian market the products of a similar designation of less than 5 (!) registered Russian distributors are presented, and one or both distributors are participating in the auctions. Why the products of these bidders were not looked at during the process of preparing the auction, the price, as I would like to put the auction commission and the organizers of the auction.
Thus, it can be stated that in competitions with a penny worth over 110 million rubles, which are held by the largest supporter of the Ministry of Health of Russia - the Department of Health Protection of the Moscow City, three companies took part and invariably became able to help three companies, as if representing the interests of one and the same foreign virobnik. Moreover, one company is the whole Russian company, and two others are official dealers, which, insanely, are fallows for the sale of products, which is a classic butt of the cartel's mind, and is recognized for the necessary production of analogous work!
Please note that the situation is far from unique in the sphere of state purchasers. Until then, the crime of rehabilitating ways to deceive the state, more for everything, is to be found and іnshі, yakі or not known at the moment, but so far they have not taken away a wide zastosuvannya.
In order to increase the efficiency of quiet vitrates, as if carrying a power, buying for their needs various comrades and services, it is necessary to give respect to these processes and schemes, as they allow unsustainable enterprises to profit from state pennies. So, there are too many competitions, and the state does not have enough resources for total control over them. In addition, the acquisition of additional resources is due to the increase sovereign vitrats what can be done to bring about the entire economic effect of additional control. Tim is not less, you can try to get to the top of these problems like a public organization (for example, the Zagalnorossijsky People's Front), and professional splnoti pridpriyomtsiv, yakі zdіysnyuyut diyalnіst in the sphere of state purchasers. Dobrosovіsny pіdpriєmets — one of the best allies of the state! Firstly, working with the system of state purchasers, the entrepreneurs are well aware of all the possible methods and methods of deception and different places in the legislation, allow you to attract unfair competition. In a different way, the most honest entrepreneurs, like a power, know the cost-effectiveness of the cost of the sumnivnyh competitors.
The leaders of such a powerful spivprats are played by the mustache of the bulk, the shards themselves for the rent of their gifts are made by the state-owned purchases, and the same pennies are flowing to the guts of shakhraiv.
At the current rozumіnnі "sovereign purchases (shortened "derzhzakupіvlі") - tse money for budgetary expenses of comrades, services that work to satisfy the sovereign needs." 4
State purchases of goods and services may include the provision of medicines, car insurance, repair of household goods, and the life of state institutions. Vlasne, sovereign purchasers hoard practically all spheres of the market, and the state in this market acts as a buyer. Prote in order that the sovereign purchases of goods and services were not tied to corruption, the sovereignty of the authorities, it was accepted by the whole world to purchase purchases for the sovereign needs for the state purchase system, which is regulated by law. A set of clear rules for conducting state purchases (derzhzakupіvel) allows us to see through the window of costs of payers in taxes to satisfy state needs.
The sovereign purchases of products, labor and services, for their own day, is one of the most important tools for regulating the market economy. It is necessary for us to remember that the majority of purchases made in the capitalist countries are already large (in the most developed capitalist countries - 20-30% of GDP, and in the production of the military-industrial complex - more than 50%). Purchasing for state needs is carried out more importantly within the framework of major programs;
Vіdpovіdno up to the dignified Civil Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - the DK RF), according to the understanding of the bidding following the understanding of the way of laying down the contract, in which one side of the future contract chooses another for the arrears of the stunned minds, which transfers the term to the song term on the principles of the better position of the capital. At whom suvoro dotrimuyutsya two principles: mind the trades of the same to all; If the helper is deafened, then the favor of her will be obov'yazkovo. Farther in the robots one can see only auctions for purchases, which are to be held at the form of a competition, if the winner is recognized as "a person who, as a vineyard of the competition committee, was recognized as the organizer of the auction, propagated the best minds" (Article 447 of the Central Committee of Ukraine) 5 . The result of such auctions is a holding contract - an agreement on the supply of goods (robits, services) for state needs, which fits in between the sovereign and the winner of the competition in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Powerful purchasers follow the rules and standards. The implementation of the state purchasers is formed in the wild ambushes:
Rivnopravnіst and justice in relation to all post-employees - zdіysnyuєtsya shlyah nadannya equal opportunities to participate in state purchases to us post-employees independently in view of activity, organizational and legal form and form of power, national service, service to goods. So in the procedures of state purchases, narrivals can take part as state-owned unitary enterprises, and partnerships with a fringed vіdpovіdnіstyu, which belong to Russian citizens, and vіdkritі stock partnerships with 90% foreign capital. It is not possible to establish an exchange of the type "supply goods for state needs, they can only pick up these goods", but the shards do not obstruct the right of middle (distributive) firms to take away a state contract;
Economic spending on the budget - depends on the choice of the right method of purchasing based on the analysis of spending on the final purchase, reasonable savings in costs when making purchases and further control over the contract. It is not enough to stop expensive competitions for the purchase of 100 packs of paper - for this simpler way to purchase. It's unreasonable to talk about the competition in the Financial Times or Kommersant-Daily, the stones will be too expensive - for this special edition, for example, the newspaper "Konkursni bidding". It is also not enough to publish an announcement about the competition in the newspaper "Vechirniy Ust-Uryupinsk", but it's as free as possible: this newspaper is not widely expanded, and the information is unlikely to reach those post-employees to whom it was assigned.
Vіdvertіstі і prozorії - polіkatsі є polіkatsії goloshen pro konkursіnі їх їх їїїї їїї їїї її її їїї drukovanyh zaobah masovoї інпоїїї, аnd also zastosuvannyam spetsial'nyh prokupіvlі procedures. For example, in Russia there is an announcement about the holding of official competitions, which are held by the federal authorities of the victorious government, may be published in the newspaper "Competitive bidding", as it may have the status of an official publication;
Zvіtnіst - Zdіysnostyu Svitnosti Svittnosti for Svetapami Zdіysnenna Procedure Procureіvlі for St. Misa Province of Risers, Tu Othanasi Zієї іnformazії індентерованнованнова (Transcription of Introduction Organs, Gromadskiki Organizatsіyyami, Radot Masovoye Compactation)
Vidpovіdalnіst - conveying that the organs of state power are called officials, that they make decisions, carry civil, administrative that criminal liability order from other subjects of law. Therefore, if you have an uncontested lawsuit, you can pay for the delivered goods in a state-owned contract for an organ of state power, which, having laid down such a contract, you can file before the court, and oskarzhuvati officials to the highest authorities, then.
In order to take part in competitions for state purchases, give the postal leaders of the goiter an equal mind and ability. For these parameters, as a rule of employment, organizational legal form, product promotion, do not enter before the first transfer. I do everything equally and equally to post-employment products. This partnership was established with the method of further development of a single and civilized market of goods and services. Usіm postachalnikam, SSMSC podayut Applications for participation in konkursі through ofіtsіyny site government purchases abo іnshimi legіtimnimi Shlyakh nadayutsya rіvnі rights rіvna Quantity information The tender for derzhavnі zakupіvlі, rіvnі mozhlivostі uchastі in konkursі on derzhzakupіvlі (Square od natsіonalnoї vlasnostі that form vlasnostі).
Sovereign Deputy, who has the right to zdіisnennya state purchasers, goiter and publish information about the conduct of bidding on a special web portal of state purchasers. ZMI also publishes information about the purchases made for state needs. Any kind of postal worker can take part in the competition for state purchases.
The holding of a state purchase is subject to a scheme praised by the legislation. The system of tenders is at the heart of state purchasers. This is the main way of holding purchases. Information about the upcoming, current and completed tenders for conducting state-owned purchasers in a general language order is posted on the official website of state-owned purchasers. Official websites of state-owned purchasers are the best tool for getting to the competitions of post-employees, as well as a way to provide critical information about the management of state-owned purchases. The main way of communication between the deputy and the post-employees is the website of the purchasers. Itself through the site of the holder of the purchaser, the post-employees will take away the smart encrypted name, so that at the course of the auction, proponuyuchi those chi and others, and the holder of the purchaser on the official site, save anonymity.
The skin region of the Russian Federation has its own portal of state purchasers, with the help of which the management of state purchases is managed. On the regional websites of state purchasers (web portals of state purchasers), all information may be of a critical nature. The websites of the holders of the purchases sound the power practically one-man, which makes it easier for the postal workers to find a tender, in which you can take a part. On the websites of state buyers, you can always find up-to-date information In order to make amendments to the dignified legislation of the Crimea, in addition, on the websites of the state-owned purchasers, there are regularly updated registers of unsatisfactory postal workers and registers of state-owned contracts for purchases for state-owned needs.
The organizers of the tenders for goiters on the websites of the state purchasers, the tender was placed, voted for the tenders and published the lists of participants in the tender for the state purchases, and also officially named the opportunity. On the federal website of the state purchaser, the information is to be left up-to-date. In order to achieve maximum transparency in the management of state-owned purchases, a sum of contracts is published on the websites of state-owned purchasers, and a form of protection is maintained. budgetary expenses. On the portals of state buyers, as a rule, they use the forms of supply and support, as a rule, post-employees can take a look at the clarification of food, what to call them, what buyers are pursuing for state needs.
If it is appointed to win the tender for official state purchases, the offending parties may be as clear as possible about the folding of the contract for state purchases. Here, there are impersonal legal nuances, as if they gave matimute greatness. The informed lawyers of Smart-Tender will help to lay down the contract, which will have the interests of the parties in mind. All state contracts are used to the Register of State Contracts, posted on the website of state purchasers.
The pridbannya of municipalities and are called - municipal purchases. This name is fixed by the Russian legislation. Prote, like municipalities, and state purchases appear to be a global meta-satisfaction with the needs of the community.
Oskіlki pіd pіd podgotovki znachennykh aktіv іnternet in Russia not nabuvsche sufficient expansion, regulatory and legal security of derzhavkuple appeared zhorstno orientirovan on "paper" document processing. Tsey obvious shortfall of the world of compensations by exit Decide the order Russian Federation No. 98 dated February 12, 2003 "On the security of access to information about the activity of the Order of the Russian Federation and the federal bodies of the vikonavchoi government." Decree No. 98 dated February 12, 2003 to the transfer of information about the duty of the Order of the Russian Federation and the federal authorities of the Vikonavchos authorities, the bonds for placement on the Internet, it was included including:
Wash away the past
The order of participation in them is physical and legal,
Fold the competition commissions,
Minutes of the meetings of the competition commissions.
It is a pity that most of the derzhzamovniks either did not know about the appointment of the Decree, or they respected for the possibility of ignoring the vimogi. Often there was a little food for kshtalt "And why don't we destroy Russian legislation, turning to the services of the Internet for the hour of holding competitions for government purchases?" 6. I want to damage the bula itself vidmova in the Internet publications of information about the competition. Tsikavo, that the most effective solution was praised by the fierce 2005. Ukraine, for example, introduced the same regulations on the obligatory language of Internet publications without intermediary legislative acts, which regulate public procurement. Most importantly I will go in the sphere of regulatory and legal regulation of state electronic purchase orders, the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 94-ФЗ dated 21 March 2005 began to appear. "About the placement of a loan for the supply of goods, vikonannya robіt, the assignment of services for state and municipal needs."
A list of contributions to the Derzhdumi draft law, bearing anti-electronic expressions in nature and trying to remember a little more, to rewind according to the date before Resolution No. 98 on February 12, 2003, which was on that hour. However, later, in preparation for another reading, numerical amendments were made to the text, after which the most odious anti-electronic provisions of the bill were written in the past. Unfortunately, the rest of the stages of the passage of the draft law were too short, after which a lot of electronic procedures turned out to be unproblematic. Prote vlіtku 2005 the law was signed by the President, and on September 1, 2006. the law of chivalry.
The role of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 94-FZ dated 21 April 2005 "About placing an order for the supply of goods, vikonannya robіt, nadannya servitov for state and municipal needs" in the formation of the legal basis of Russian electronic state purchases is even more ambiguous. On the one hand, the law is clearly observed for inclusion in the apparatus of state-owned purchasers of electronic procedures. Introduced the understanding of the official sites, zhorstko fixed about the language of publication in the Internet information about competitions, competition documentation, protocols in the work of the competition committee, information about the management of competitions.
In this hour, with the work of holding purchases electronic form they are covered by current normative documents, which allow them to correctly draw up documents before submission, and it is also primed not to allow unscrupulous contractors to participate in state purchases 7 .
The problems of forming a legislator on the basis of electronic power purchases may, perhaps, be objective. Russia is still only known on the cob of this way, but it looks like we can’t get into the style of the term. Power purchases are a life-important component of the national economy, since 2009. placing over chotiri trillioni rubles. The implementation of electronic trading from the purchase of products for state needs, which is extremely relevant for today's Russia. Advantages, as they carry electronic trading, are obvious.
Today, at the thought of many participants in the market, the need for modernization of state purchases from Russia has come to light. Look at the retailers of the new model of cooperation between the state and the business of bringing up the national contract systems in other countries. Of particular interest is the Federal contract system USA, yak has become in its time a vision for inspiring powerful purchasers in the economy of the EU. Elements of the American practice of government purchases were obtained by MEP for the development of the FCC project in Russia.
State purchases are traditionally associated with the active involvement of the state in the economy, so we know for the radiant command system. Why has America, the land of the free market, become the leader of state purchasers today?
Although the first law of the United States for the regulation of federal state purchasers was adopted in 1792, the beginning of the process of active formation of state purchasers of the United States was laid in the XX century.
In the 30s of the 20th century, the order of Franklin Delano Roosevelt shuffled the way out of Great Depression that shook the foundations of the capitalist system. In the economy of the free market, the mechanism of indirect sovereign regulation of the economy, the sovereign sector of the economy has been created The state has taken on the function of generating social benefits, turbot about pensions, helping with sickness and unemployment. The ideas of the English economist John Keynes, who was a creative victorist, brought about the state regulation, accumulations by the Western countries during the First World War, that proof of Radyansk Russia about the creation of a command economy, which was successfully implemented by the president of the New Roosevelt. As a result of Roosevelt's activity, which thrice ran for the presidency, a mixed economic system was created in the United States, which undermined the advantages of the free market and sovereign regulation. This model was successfully implemented in Europe as well.
In the other half of the 20th century, the United States has a need for the life of great national infrastructure facilities. Tse yearned for significant sovereign financial injections and intensive education in the process of manufacturing and post-employment products, work and services. V_dbuvsya development of holders of purchases.
State purchases of the US economy are called the Federal Contract System (FCS). Obsyag budgetary funds, which are managed at the borders of the federal contract system, to become more than 500 billion dollars. USA. Participants of the FCC will be over 160 thousand. commercial organizations. Mayzhe 12.5% of the US legal population (about 17 million people) are employed by the government.
The basis for the development of the system of state purchasers are those who, in the process of realizing their functions, the state authorities are disturbing the problem of material and technical security. State purchases of the necessary vykonanny of state and municipal programs, in the organization of in-line activities sovereign organizations. The state is the largest substitute for the products of national galleys and works for the supremacy-state needs. Through the system of state purchases, it will provide a variety of social benefits: sourcing products for the needs of national defense and security, for carrying out fundamental scientific research and services in the social sphere. In singing galleys of activity, the state is the only buyer of goods and services. Changed factors transform the state to the greatest gravel on the market. Obligations of state purchasers should be directly added to the price of products that are purchased through the system of state governments, to be added to the distribution and structure of income of post-employees, winners of state contracts, to the level salary create additional jobs.
The supply of necessary resources, goods, work and services is provided through competitive bidding. The competitive mechanism, especially in the case of bulk purchases, allows the manager to reduce the quality of products for the state consumption, to ensure the level of transparency and controllability of the purchase and sale process, and, therefore, to resist corruption.
The state stimulates the development of innovations, while maintaining the national companies' reliability of their products, behind the limits of the established technical parameters, the promotion of innovations. The order at times shares the risks with the vine growers and in the process of technological projects, taking part in promising developments from the bud stage and up to the production testing of the last known products. The number of innovations coming from the state in such areas as health protection, education, energy and ecology, transport services will be worth 50 billion dollars. Qi indicators are equivalent to 5-15% of the total commitment of government purchasers from the United States.
The role of the Federal contractual system of the US economy is great, that the sovereign agreement on goods, services, and viconnancy of the NDDKR, subject to legislation, is accepted by American commercial banks as a statutory document, violating the guarantees of the US Federal Reserve System.
The US power encourages the development of competition in the domestic market, helping small and medium-sized businesses, giving them a lot of benefits. The order is buying for fixing “prices of support” for agricultural products produced by American farmers, guaranteeing a minimum income for expanded production. Otriman's products are then sold by state authorities at market prices. The farmer states, as vikonavtsi z derzhavkupіvel, at the borders of advance payments, deduct additional income from the difference between the selling price and the purchasing price from different relocations of the first from them.
Widely spread is the practice of cooperating in the field of economic and technological opportunities of various firms and companies on the basis of state contracts, especially for the implementation of military projects, as well as for the development of scientific, technical, social, economic and environmental programs. Nearly 100 federal departments of the United States and, for us, її scientific and technical complex to accommodate rich and billions of purchases through state purchases for the provision of state needs.
The US government structures purchase 80% of artillery equipment, 1/4 part of everyday work and repair and maintenance services, aircraft and spare parts; 20% of transport, ophthalmological and photographic equipment, scientific and technical equipment, control systems and information services.
The US federal contract system began to legislate in 1948. Since 1984, it has been functioning on the basis of the “Federal Rules for Planning, Placement and Vikonanny of the Sovereign Appointment” - a link between legislative and legislative acts, which determine how much the order and procedures are to be followed by all federal bodies in the process of making purchases. Rules for revenge on over 1000 parties and may 53 were divided, skins from any assignments to the important aspect of holding purchases. The rules govern in detail a single cycle of planning, placement, and vikonannya of a sovereign appointment. The US Department of Defense is covered by a special document "Rules for the Procurement of Defense Needs - Addendum". The library of contracts, which is victorious within the framework of the US FCC, has over 100 detailed regulation types of sovereign contracts.
The United States has different economic models of the sovereign contract:
- Fixed price contracts;
- Contracts for the production of vitrates;
– performance contracts (assuming that the price of the sovereign contract is fixed, the pro contractor may be able to blow it out effectively and dodatkovo to a fixed price)
– contracts of complex interest (victory formula cіni, scho vrahovuє, yak mіnіmum, chotiri parameters - vitrati, norm of profit, ob'єmnі ta yakіsnі characteristics of the goods that are delivered, termіnі nadannya result).
The federal contract system of the United States includes in its own mechanisms the management of the entire life cycle of the settlement: planning - placement - closing.
The process of folding and submitting forecast plans within the framework of the forward planning system is provided by special information resources. Functions of the federal portal FAAPS (Forecast system of advanced purchase plans) - http://fido.gov/doc/aap/default.asp.
The core of the FCC is the Office of the State Designation of the United States, which coordinates the activities of the Federal Contract System. The Office of the State Sovereign Appointment of the United States is responsible for the conduct of policy in the sphere of planning, accommodation and the execution of the State Appointment.
The main element of the FCC is the contract officers - they are the representatives of the state, who can issue a special certificate, ie give the right to place an order and sign a contract. The main functions of contract officers include:
- Planning and obedience to the contract;
– monitoring of vikonannya and security vikonannya position of the sovereign contract;
– confirmation of stage-by-stage results of the project and allowance for payments to contractors;
- Change of sovereign contract;
- Zakrittya sovereign contract.
Procurement, necessary security activities of all 100 federal agencies of the United States, centrally specialized purchasing organization - Administration of public services. She will ensure the safety of all federal departments and organizations of unruliness, ruhomy mine and services, including management and vikoristanny of ruhomy that indestructible lane, zberіgaє in the warehouses of materials and installation, necessary for the safety of the work and keeping the paratuto. The Public Services Administration manages the entire fleet of vehicles that fall under the US order, contracts for the supply of federal electricity and water. The central offices of the Administration and the Federal Purchasing Service and the Public Budink Service.
The ministries and departments should generously submit applications before the Administration for the services they have planned for the delivery of goods and services, and then we will purchase the necessary goods in warehouses, which the Administration of the services should have, for wholesale prices with a small surcharge, which will save the system. As a tribute to the fact that the Administration of foreign services buys products in large parties through auctions, the foreign trades are just as soon as they are, as if they would have suffered the skin department, purchasing goods and services independently and in small numbers.
The United States has a large number of departments that have the right to make contracts in the name of the state. Povnovazhennya v_domstv on zdіysnennya derzhzakupіvel vstanovlyuyuyutsya law, and how many departments, yakі can buy comrades and services for needs directly on the market, obmezhene. In this hour on the federal level, the right to purchase goods on the market may be given by the Administration of Global Services, the US Department of Defense, NASA, the NDDKR Energy Agency (US nuclear program). The largest purchaser in America is the Defense Department.
The state under the hour of the meeting purchased the goods for the benefit of small businesses, enterprises, which become women, and also buys over 90% of the products that are produced by the legal system.
The main principles on the basis of which will be the management of the system of state purchasers from the United States:
- Achievement of justice (security of minds for the equal participation of contractors in competition for sovereignty);
– fight against corruption in state purchases;
- economy and efficiency (safety of the necessary capacity with minimum vitrates).
In 1994, the United States legislation on public procurement was subject to revision through the application of the most organized procedures for public procurement (until 1994, there were 889 control laws and regulations) on federal approval of public procurement in this way, in a self-contained manner. Bula is forgiven by law contract procedure for small buyers, stimulating the development of electronic commerce - electronic technologies for the security of business activities ( e-mail, Internet, electronic bulletin boards, payment cards, electronic transfer penny koshtіv, Electronic exchange of money).
The legislation of the United States regulated the activity of bodies responsible for the formation and selection of information resources from state purchases - collection, processing and distribution of data from purchasers, security and management of the functioning of the information base of the system of data purchases.
The federal skin department can form and maintain a computer database of data, which will avenge unclassified information about all contracts and a single batch of over 25 thousand. USD for 5 rest financial fates. The authorities are responsible for bringing information to the Central Information System of federal purchasers. For the submission of data under contracts of the federal government, standard forms of documents and unified formats of data are required.
Central information system of federal purchasers with consolidated information about federal purchases(The system has its own ordered data on federal purchases from 1979 to the present hour).
The standard sound, which is prepared by the Central Information System on the basis of the data of the system, seems to be quarterly. So hope for paid basis call, specially prepared for individual information requests of any supporters: federal agencies, business units and communities.
Depending on the legislation, the provision of public open access to these resources is possible through their publication on the Internet on a single rank portal - http://www.firstgov.gov/. The electronic version of the Federal Register of Contracts is posted on the Internet at the address - http://www.access.gpo.gov/.
The US federal contract system has gone through a stage of maximum regulation and strengthening of procedures. Today we are rebuying at a new stage of development more opportunities take a subjective decision, at once opposing the future.
Yakі practical korisnі elements foreign dosvidu What could be victorious in the current Russian practice of holding purchasers?
1. The US federal contract system has become an important mechanism for the provision of sovereign needs. Suvora regulation of procedures, interdependence and control allow to resist corruption.
2. Methods of planning for the provision of sovereign needs are widely promoted.
3. Competitive bidding is held for a single methodology, a library of model contracts and a data bank of standard specifications ( brown authorities) purchased products.
4. The process of state purchases is rebuyed from the order of independent centers, which are responsible for forecasting and planning the provision of state (municipal) needs, the process of placing an order, for the proper organization of competitions and the laying of contracts, the contracting of contracts.
5. Establish different mechanisms to control the victories of contracts, procedures for accepting and evaluating results, analyzing the effectiveness of the security of state (public) needs and the system for managing public supply of products.
6. Specialized information resources for the management of contract systems violate the requirement for publicity and publicity of all contract processes and their results.
7. The US federal contract system has gone through a stage of maximum regulation and increased procedures, the system is constantly changing: at the same time, legislation is simplified and regulated, and exchanges are made.